CN114256569B - Rectangular waveguide mode converter and power distribution synthesizer - Google Patents
Rectangular waveguide mode converter and power distribution synthesizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114256569B CN114256569B CN202111385272.4A CN202111385272A CN114256569B CN 114256569 B CN114256569 B CN 114256569B CN 202111385272 A CN202111385272 A CN 202111385272A CN 114256569 B CN114256569 B CN 114256569B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of vacuum electronics, and particularly provides a rectangular waveguide mode converter and a power distribution synthesizer. The invention changes the field distribution and the energy flow direction in the waveguide by utilizing the mode that the ridge of the waveguide extends outwards, and solves the conversion between odd mode and even mode and the main mode by utilizing two distributions of central symmetry and axial symmetry of the ridge; also, the rectangular waveguide TE of the present invention n0 And TE 10 The structural complexity, the processing difficulty and the whole size of the device of the mode converter are greatly reduced, various limitations caused by the size and the precision of the device are avoided for the terahertz frequency band, and the mode converter has remarkable advantages in bandwidth and transmission efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vacuum electronics, and particularly provides a rectangular waveguide mode converter which is used for realizing the mutual conversion of a high-order mode and a low-order mode in a rectangular waveguide; meanwhile, the power distribution synthesizer is formed by cascading mode converters based on rectangular waveguides and is applied to wireless communication systems (such as radar and satellite communication).
Background
With the continuous development of communication technology, the requirements for various communication devices are increasing day by day; the waveguide is used as a key device for transmitting microwave signals and has wide application in the fields of ground radars, satellite antennas and the like; under various application conditions, the electromagnetic wave has various propagation modes; this requires a waveguide mode converter in order to allow good conversion between modes of different modes;
the waveguide mode converter is a microwave passive device widely applied to microwave and millimeter wave communication and is used for realizing connection between transmission lines at two ends which are of the same type but have different electromagnetic wave propagation modes; for example, in a circular waveguide, TE 11 Modes have higher output power but due to circular waveguide HE 11 The mode has better directivity and is easier to propagate in the air, so when the transmission of high-power microwave millimeter wave is carried out, the mode of the electromagnetic wave in the circular waveguide needs to be changed from TE 11 Pattern conversion to HE 11 A mode; when the propagation characteristic of the working mode in the device needs to be measured, the electromagnetic wave mode output by the vector network analyzer is the main mode TE of the rectangular waveguide 10 Mold, TE is required 10 The mode is converted into different working modes of different devices;
in particular to a rectangular waveguide mode converter, in many cases, because the output wave mode of the terahertz signal source is a high-order mode, the signal often needs to be in a main mode (i.e. TE) in a system where the rectangular waveguide is located 10 ) Mode transmission; however, the existing rectangular waveguide mode converter is often complex in structure, needs nonlinear bending transformation, and is not suitable for terahertz devices with high precision requirements; on the other hand, conventional rectangular waveguide mode converters tend to only address TE n0 Mode (n is even number) and TE 10 The mode conversion requirement is high, and the bandwidth is usually narrow, so that the method cannot completely meet all application scenarios.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a rectangular waveguide mode converter and a power distribution combiner based on the rectangular waveguide mode converter, solves the problem of conversion between an odd mode and a main mode which cannot be solved by the traditional structure, greatly improves the energy transfer efficiency between the modes, greatly reduces the structural complexity, is simple to process, and has the remarkable advantages of large bandwidth, small loss and the like;
in order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rectangular waveguide mode converter, characterized in that the rectangular waveguide mode converter is used for realizing rectangular waveguide TE n0 With TE 10 Mode interconversion, wherein n is a positive integer greater than 2;
the rectangular waveguide mode converter is divided into a double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, a multi-ridge direction division waveguide 2 and a multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 is a rectangular waveguide with a square ridge, and the size of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is unchanged and the size of the wide side is increased linearly from the starting end to the tail end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide; taking the initial end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide as a rectangular TE 10 The cross section of the initial end of the mode port is rectangular; other sections (sectional view of the end face) of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide are similar rectangles with square ridges on the wide sides, and the two wide sides of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide are respectively provided with 1 square ridge and are positioned at the middle points of the wide sides;
the multi-ridge directional waveguide 2 is a rectangular waveguide with square ridges, the size of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is unchanged from the start end to the tail end of the multi-ridge directional waveguide, and the size of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide is increased in a linear mode; any section of the multi-ridge directional waveguide is a quasi-rectangular shape with square ridges on the wide side, when n is an even number, one wide side is provided with n/2-1 square ridges, the centers of the square ridges are always positioned at the even number (2, 4, 6.) n equal division points of the wide side of each cross section, the other wide side is provided with n/2 square ridges, and the centers of the square ridges are always positioned at the odd number (1, 3, 5 \8230;) n equal division points of the wide side of each cross section; when n is an odd number, one of the wide sides has (n-1)/2 square ridges, the center of the square ridge is always positioned at the even number (2, 4, 6.) n equal division points of each cross-section wide side, the other wide side has (n-1)/2 square ridges, and the center of the square ridge is always positioned at the odd number (1, 3, 5 8230) n equal division points of each cross-section wide side; when two or more square ridges are overlapped together, only the short sides at two sides of the overlapped part and the wide sides at the upper side are reserved, and the overlapped parts of the square ridges are uniformly transited into one square ridge;
the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 is a rectangular waveguide with square ridgesThe sizes of the narrow side and the wide side of the rectangular waveguide are not changed from the starting end to the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide; the distribution of the square ridges in any cross section of the multi-ridge compression waveguide is unchanged, the ridge height of each square ridge is linearly reduced to zero along the direction from the starting end to the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide (the electromagnetic wave propagation direction), so that the tail end cross section of the multi-ridge compression waveguide is rectangular and is used as TE n0 A mode port;
the ridge width of a single square ridge in the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide, the multi-ridge branch waveguide and the multi-ridge compression waveguide is not changed and is equal to the initial narrow edge size of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide;
the following are specifically mentioned: the invention relates to a rectangular waveguide TE n0 And TE 10 The mode converter is an integral structure, is described by dividing the device into a plurality of parts (and adding side lines on the figure for distinguishing) for convenience of description, and is not composed of a plurality of parts of a real machining process; in addition, by changing TE 10 Mode port and TE n0 The structure size of the mode port can ensure that the mode converter is mutually connected with the input port and the output port of any relevant device, thereby avoiding the defect that the traditional mode converter needs to greatly adjust the structure of the device according to different external device sizes; by changing the length of the electromagnetic wave propagation direction of the multi-ridge directional waveguide, the conversion efficiency can be greatly improved, so that the application requirement of higher precision can be met; on the other hand, when the overall structure size of the device is required to be smaller, the length of each part along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction can be properly reduced;
on the basis, the invention provides a power distribution combiner, which is firstly formed by the rectangular waveguide TE of the invention n0 And TE 10 The mode converter is formed by connecting two stages; wherein the first stage comprises a TE m0 And TE 10 A mode converter having a second stage including m TEs k0 And TE 10 A mode converter; the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 of the m mode converters of the second stage and the multi-ridge compression waveguide 4 of the mode converter of the first stage have the same short side length, and the proportion of the outer wide side is equal to or slightly larger than m; on the basis of this, TE at the first stage 10 A rectangular waveguide is connected to the port, and m TEs are arranged on the second stage k0 On the port, each access k rectangular waveguides, form the power distribution synthesizer of the invention; the device can realize any m multiplied by k power distribution and synthesis array; when a TE is input from the first stage 10 When the electromagnetic wave of the mode is adopted, TE with even energy can be obtained in m multiplied by k waveguides connected in the second stage 10 Mode electromagnetic wave, realize the power distribution; conversely, when independent TE is inputted from m × k waveguides connected in the second stage 10 When the electromagnetic wave is in mode, TE can be at the first level 10 One TE with a synthesized mode port 10 Mode electromagnetic wave, realize the power synthesis;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
when used as a power divider, the first stage of the device inputs a TE from the left end 10 The electromagnetic wave of the mode is equally divided into m TEs 10 Electromagnetic waves of modes are directly input into each mode converter of the second stage; the second stage further divides it into m × k TE 10 The electromagnetic waves of the mode are finally output to the outside through a port at the rightmost end, and m multiplied by k electromagnetic waves with equal power are output, so that 1 minute m multiplied by k power distribution is realized;
when used as a power combiner, m × k independent TEs subjected to phase shift, amplitude adjustment, and the like are input from m × k ports on the right end 10 Electromagnetic wave of mode, the second stage can convert the m × k TE 10 Electromagnetic wave of mode synthesizes m TEs 10 Electromagnetic wave of mode, and directly input to TE of first stage m0 A port; the first stage further converts the m TEs 10 Electromagnetic wave synthesis of modes, the final combination being a TE 10 Electromagnetic waves of the modes are output outwards, and power synthesis of m multiplied by k combined with 1 is achieved.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The problem of conversion between an odd number mode and a main mode, which cannot be solved by a traditional structure, is solved, and the energy transfer efficiency of conversion between an even number mode and the main mode is greatly improved; the invention changes the field distribution and the energy flow direction in the waveguide by utilizing the mode that the ridge of the waveguide extends outwards, and solves the conversion between odd number modes and even number modes and a main mode by utilizing two distributions of central symmetry and axial symmetry of the ridge; the defects of the traditional rectangular waveguide mode conversion device on an odd mode, excessively complex structure and the like are overcome;
2) The performance such as bandwidth and the like has remarkable advantages; rectangular waveguide TE of the invention n0 And TE 10 The mode converter changes the field distribution in the waveguide by adding a ridge structure on the outer wall of the waveguide; compared with the traditional device which performs mode conversion through coupling or reflection and the like, the terahertz band-gap waveguide has remarkable advantages in bandwidth transmission efficiency (as shown in fig. 5, the terahertz band-gap waveguide has-3 dB working bandwidth above 300G when working on a terahertz frequency band);
3) The structure complexity is greatly reduced, and the processing is simple; the rectangular waveguide TE of the present invention is compared to conventional mode converters n0 With TE 10 The structural complexity and the processing difficulty of the mode converter and the overall size of the device are greatly reduced, and various limitations caused by the size and the precision of the device are avoided for the terahertz frequency band;
4) The method has the advantages that through a modularized mode, the two-dimensional power distribution synthesis array of any m multiplied by k is realized by simple splicing of the same structure; the high-bandwidth and low-loss structure is ensured, and meanwhile, any complex and precise structure is not needed, so that the cost and the processing difficulty are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a rectangular waveguide TE in example 1 30 And TE 10 The overall structure of the mode converter is shown schematically.
FIG. 2 shows a rectangular waveguide TE in example 1 30 With TE 10 The disconnection and partial amplification structure schematic diagram of the mode converter.
FIG. 3 shows a rectangular waveguide TE in example 2 40 With TE 10 The overall structure of the mode converter is shown schematically.
FIG. 4 shows a rectangular waveguide TE in example 2 40 And TE 10 The disconnection and partial amplification structure schematic diagram of the mode converter.
FIG. 5 shows a rectangular waveguide TE in example 1 30 With TE 10 And the mode converter is used for carrying out S parameter curve obtained by simulation during mode conversion.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a 4 × 4-order power distribution combiner in embodiment 3.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a disconnected structure of a 4 × 4-order power distribution combiner in embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, and it should be particularly noted that the mode converter provided by the present invention can be applied to any rectangular waveguide TE n0 With TE 10 Mode transition, but for better illustration, the embodiment uses TE 30 Mode and TE 10 Mode converter (embodiment 1) and TE 40 Mode and TE 10 The mode converter (embodiment 2) is taken as an example; the structure in the embodiment is a waveguide structure which is integrally through, and the components divided in the description are only used for convenience of description, and no actual partition is arranged between the components; similarly, the outlines between the structures in the drawings are only used to distinguish the parts, and do not represent the actual production process and welding position of the present invention; in addition, in the embodiment, for convenience of explanation and observation, the thickness of the waveguide wall is set to be 0.1mm, and the thickness of the waveguide wall can be adaptively adjusted on the premise that the actual device ensures that the structure of the inner wall of the waveguide is not changed; corresponding omissions, additions, and subtractions are possible, as will be seen in the following figures, in the X, Y, and Z directions, and in the figures, each physical element is a metal conductor;
example 1
The present embodiment provides a rectangular waveguide TE 30 And TE 10 A mode converter, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1, specifically, the rectangular waveguide mode converter is divided into three parts, namely a double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, a multi-ridge direction conversion waveguide 2 and a multi-ridge compression waveguide 3, along the Z direction, as shown in fig. 2 (a);
more specifically, as shown in fig. 2 (b), the side in the Y-axis direction is denoted by W (corresponding to the dimension W) 1 、W 2 ) And the side in the X-axis direction is represented by L (corresponding to its dimension L) 1 、L 2 ) Electromagnetic wave transmission along Z-axisThe sowing direction includes:
the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 is a rectangular waveguide with square ridges, and the narrow side dimension W of the rectangular waveguide 1 Constant, broadside dimension L 1 Linearly increasing along the positive direction (electromagnetic wave propagation direction); the starting end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide is rectangular TE 10 A mode port with two sides of length L 1 And W 1 +2W 2 A rectangle of (2); any section of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide except the starting end is a rectangle-like shape with square ridges on the broad sides, and the two broad sides of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide are respectively provided with 1 square ridge and are positioned at 1/2 (middle point) of the broad sides; the ridge height of the square ridge is W 2 Ridge width of L 2 As can be seen in the figure, where z is the smallest, there is L 2 ＝L 1 That is, the starting end face of the double-ridge mode-changing waveguide is also rectangular-like with square ridges on the wide side, but L is 2 ＝L 1 Forming a rectangular port;
the multi-ridge waveguide 2 is a rectangular waveguide with square ridges, and the narrow side dimension W of the rectangular waveguide from the start end to the end of the multi-ridge waveguide 1 Constant, broadside dimension L 1 Increasing linearly along the positive direction; any section of the multi-ridge waveguide is a quasi-rectangle with a square ridge on a broadside, wherein the square ridge is arranged at 1/3 of the dimension of one broadside, and the square ridge is arranged at 2/3 of the dimension of the other broadside;
the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 is a rectangular waveguide with a square ridge, and the narrow side dimension W of the rectangular waveguide from the starting end to the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide 1 And the width dimension L 1 Are all unchanged; the position distribution of the ridge on any section of the multi-ridge compression waveguide is unchanged, and the ridge height W of the square ridge 2 Linearly decreasing to zero along the direction from the starting end to the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide (the electromagnetic wave propagation direction), so that the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide has a rectangular cross section and is used as TE 30 A mode port;
from the above, when the narrow side dimension W in the double-ridge mode-conversion waveguide is determined 1 L corresponding to the beginning and the end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, the multi-ridge direction-dividing waveguide 2 and the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 1 Ridge height W of square ridge 2 And ridge width L 2 To do so byThe lengths of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, the multi-ridge direction conversion waveguide 2 and the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 in the z direction can uniquely determine the corresponding waveguide structures according to the description as the changes related to the sizes are linearly increased and linearly decreased along the z direction; in addition, since the properties of the waveguide are determined by the inner wall structure, the following description is structural parameters of the inner wall, in the illustration, for convenience of explanation, a waveguide wall width of 0.1mm is adopted, but in an actual device, the inner wall structure of the waveguide is ensured to be unchanged, and the thickness of the waveguide wall can be adaptively adjusted;
in this embodiment, a standard waveguide interface corresponding to 300GHz is adopted; let W 1 ＝0.43mm，W 2 ＝0.215mm，L 2 =0.43mm, then:
the length of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 in the z direction is 6.00mm, and the starting end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide is provided with an inner wall with a wide side with the size W 1 +2W 2 =0.86mm and a short side dimension of L 2 A rectangular waveguide of =0.43mm, which can be directly butted with a standard waveguide corresponding to 300 GHz; further, two waveguide ridges are respectively positioned on two L of the rectangular waveguide 1 Center of edge, inner wall width L of ridge 2 =0.43mm and remains unchanged; the inner walls of the two ridges have the same height W 2 Constant and gradual change rectangular waveguide width L of =0.215mm 1 0.43mm at z min, 2.40mm at z max, and L 1 Uniformly varying along the positive z direction; since the structure is uniformly changed, the specific structure of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 corresponding to the present embodiment can be uniquely determined through the above description;
the length of the multi-ridge directional waveguide 2 in the z direction is 5.00mm, and the length L of the rectangular inner wall of the gradually-changed rectangular waveguide at the minimum z position 1 =2.40mm, width W 1 =0.43mm, length L of inner wall at maximum z 1 =3.83mm, width W 1 =0.43mm; the ridge height W of the two square ridges in the y direction 2 And a ridge width L in the x-direction 2 Are all kept unchanged and are respectively W 2 =0.215mm and L 2 =0.43mm; because the centers of the two square ridges are always positioned on the trisection points corresponding to the wide edges, and the sizes of the two square ridges are uniformly changed, the center of the two square ridges passes through the trisection pointsA structure that can uniquely determine the multi-ridge directional waveguide 2 corresponding to the present embodiment is described;
the length of the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 in the z direction is 4.00mm; the waveguide size of the rectangular waveguide is kept unchanged and is L-shaped with a wide side 1 =3.83mm, narrow side W 1 =0.43mm; ridge width L of the two gradually-changed square ridges in the x direction 2 The thickness is kept unchanged and is 0.43mm; maximum ridge height W in y-direction 2 0.21mm, decreasing uniformly to 0 along the positive z direction; since the heights of the waveguide ridges are uniformly changed, the structure of the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 corresponding to the present embodiment can be uniquely determined by the above description;
for the rectangular waveguide TE described above 30 And TE 10 Any two adjacent parts in the mode converter have the same adjacent surface; in fact, the invention relates to a rectangular waveguide TE n0 And TE 10 The mode converter, every part belongs to a whole, it is only for convenient description, distinguish it;
the present embodiment is provided with a rectangular waveguide TE 30 With TE 10 The simulation test of the mode converter is carried out, and the result is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from the figure that the structure can ensure that the attenuation is more than-3 dB under the frequency band of 250-600GHz, and has the excellent characteristics of ultra wide bandwidth and low attenuation.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a rectangular waveguide TE 40 With TE 10 A mode converter, the structure of which is shown in fig. 3, specifically, the rectangular waveguide mode converter is divided into three parts, i.e., a double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, a multi-ridge direction conversion waveguide 2 and a multi-ridge compression waveguide 3, along the Z direction, as shown in fig. 4 (a); the dotted line in fig. 3 is only used to describe the structure, and does not represent that there is an actual waveguide inner wall structure at the dotted line;
more specifically, as shown in fig. 4 (b), a side in the Y-axis direction is represented by W (corresponding to the dimension W) 1 、W 2 ) And the side in the X-axis direction is represented by L (corresponding to its dimension L) 1 、L 2 ) The direction along the Z axis is the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, and the method comprises the following steps:
the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 is a stripRectangular waveguide with square ridge, narrow side dimension W of the rectangular waveguide 1 Constant, broadside dimension L 1 Linearly increasing along the positive direction (electromagnetic wave propagation direction); the starting end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide is rectangular TE 10 Mode port with narrow side dimension L 1 The width dimension of the wide side is W 1 +2W 2 A rectangle of (2); any section of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide is a quasi-rectangle with square ridges on the broad sides, and the two broad sides of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide are respectively provided with 1 square ridge and are positioned at 1/2 (middle point) of the broad sides; the ridge height of the square ridge is W 2 Ridge width of L 2 As can be seen in the figure, where z is the smallest, there is L 2 ＝L 1 I.e. the start facet of the double-ridge mode-changing waveguide is also rectangular-like with square ridges on the broad sides in nature, but due to L 2 ＝L 1 Forming a rectangular port;
the multi-ridge directional waveguide 2 is used for TE in the present embodiment 40 Mode and TE 10 The mode is converted, so that two wide sides of the rectangular waveguide are respectively provided with 1 guide ridge and 2 guide ridge structures; any section of the multi-ridge waveguide 2 is a quasi-rectangle with square ridges on the wide side, wherein the square ridge is arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 (1 st and 3 rd 4 equal division points) of the dimension of one wide side, and the square ridge is arranged at 1/2 (2 nd 4 equal division points) of the dimension of the other wide side;
specifically, the narrow side dimension W of the rectangular waveguide 1 Constant, broadside dimension L 1 Increasing linearly along the positive z direction; as shown in fig. 3, the central axes of the two guiding ridges on the same broadside are respectively offset to the positive x direction and the negative x direction by the same angle, and the overlapping part of the two square ridges is uniformly transited into a square ridge to form a V-shaped structure; only one square ridge is arranged on the other wide side, and the central axis is always parallel to the z axis; it should be noted that the two dotted lines in fig. 3 are only used to illustrate that the structure is formed by overlapping two identical square ridges that uniformly change along the positive and negative directions x, and do not represent any solid structure;
the position distribution of the ridge on any section of the multi-ridge compression waveguide is unchanged, and the ridge height W of the square ridge 2 Along the beginning-to-end direction of the multi-ridge compression waveguide (electromagnetic wave transmission)Direction of propagation) is linearly decreased to zero, so that the end section of the multi-ridge compression waveguide is rectangular and is used as TE 40 A mode port;
from the above, when the narrow side dimension W of the rectangular waveguide in the double-ridge mode-change waveguide is determined 1 L corresponding to the beginning and end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, the multi-ridge branch waveguide 2 and the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 1 Ridge height W of square ridge 2 And ridge width L 2 And the lengths of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, the multi-ridge direction conversion waveguide 2 and the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 in the z direction, because the change of each size is linearly increased and linearly decreased along the z direction, the corresponding waveguide structure can be uniquely determined according to the above description; in addition, since the properties of the waveguide are determined by the inner wall structure, the following description is structural parameters of the inner wall, in the illustration, for convenience of explanation, a waveguide wall width of 0.1mm is adopted, but in an actual device, the inner wall structure of the waveguide is ensured to be unchanged, and the thickness of the waveguide wall can be adaptively adjusted;
a rectangular waveguide TE as described above 40 And TE 10 The mode converter is composed of three parts, namely a double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1, a multi-ridge branch waveguide 2 and a multi-ridge compression waveguide 3, the structure of the mode converter is shown in fig. 3, and fig. 4 is provided as a supplementary legend of the structure for the convenience of explaining the structure;
in this embodiment, a standard waveguide interface corresponding to 300GHz is adopted; let W 1 ＝0.43mm，W 2 ＝0.215mm，L 2 =0.43mm, then:
the length of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 in the z direction is 6.00mm; the starting end of the device is provided with an inner wall broadside with the size of W 1 +2W 2 =0.86mm and a short side dimension of L 2 A rectangular waveguide of =0.43mm, which can be directly butted with a standard waveguide corresponding to 300 GHz; further, two waveguide ridges are respectively positioned on two L of the rectangular waveguide 1 Center of edge, inner wall width L of ridge 2 =0.43mm and remains unchanged; the inner walls of the two ridges have the same height W 2 Constant and gradual change rectangular waveguide width L of =0.215mm 1 0.43mm at z min, 2.40mm at z max, and L 1 Uniform variation along positive z direction(ii) a Since the structure is uniformly changed, the specific structure of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide 1 corresponding to the present embodiment can be uniquely determined through the above description;
the length of the gradual change rectangular waveguide in the z direction is 5.00mm, and the width L of the rectangular inner wall at the minimum z position 1 =2.40mm, narrow side W 1 =0.43mm, width L of inner wall at maximum z 1 =4.04mm, narrow side W 1 =0.43mm; the ridge height W of the 3 square ridges in the y direction 2 And a ridge width L in the x direction 2 Are all kept unchanged and are respectively W 2 =0.215mm and L 2 =0.43mm; because the centers of the three square ridges are always positioned at the positions of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of the wide side where the three square ridges are positioned, and the sizes of the three square ridges are uniformly changed, the structure of the multi-ridge directional waveguide 2 corresponding to the embodiment can be uniquely determined through the description;
the length of the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 in the z direction is 4.00mm; the length and width of the rectangular waveguide are kept unchanged and are L 1 =4.04mm, width W 1 =0.43mm; the two gradually-changed square ridge ridges are distributed on two sides of the rectangular waveguide, and the ridge width L in the x direction 2 The thickness is kept unchanged and is 0.43mm; maximum ridge height W in the y-direction 2 0.215mm, decreasing uniformly to 0 along the positive z-direction; since the structure is uniformly changed, the specific structure of the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 corresponding to the present embodiment can be uniquely determined through the above description;
for the rectangular waveguide TE described above 40 And TE 10 Any adjacent partial adjacent surface in the mode converter is completely the same; in fact, the invention relates to a rectangular waveguide TE n0 And TE 10 The mode converter, each part of which belongs to a whole, is only for convenience of description and is distinguished.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a power distribution combiner, whose structure is shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, fig. 7 (a) and fig. 7 (b) are schematic sectional views in two directions; as can be seen, the power splitting combiner consists of 5 rectangular waveguides TE as described in embodiment 2 40 And TE 10 The mode converter is formed by connecting two stages, wherein the second stage comprises 4TE 40 With TE 10 The mode converters are closely arranged on the wide side of the multi-ridge compression waveguide 3 corresponding to the first stage; on the basis, a rectangular waveguide port is accessed at the first level, and the corresponding 4 x 4 rectangular waveguide ports are accessed at the second level; thus, a 4 × 4 power distribution/combination array as shown in fig. 6 can be obtained;
when used as a power divider, the first stage of the device inputs a TE from the left end 10 Electromagnetic wave of mode is equally divided into 4 TEs 10 Electromagnetic waves of modes are directly input into each mode converter of the second stage; the second stage further divides it equally into 4 × 4 TE 10 Electromagnetic waves of the mode are finally output outwards through 16 ports at the rightmost end, and 1-16-minute power distribution is achieved;
when used as a power combiner, 16 phase-shifted and amplitude-adjusted independent TEs are input from 4 × 4 ports on the right 10 Mode of electromagnetic wave, the second stage will be the 16 TE 10 Electromagnetic wave of mode is synthesized into 4 TEs 10 Electromagnetic wave of mode, and directly input to TE of first stage 40 A port; the first stage further converts these 4 TEs 10 Electromagnetic wave synthesis of modes, and finally synthesis into a TE 10 Electromagnetic waves of the modes are output outwards, and 16-in-1 power synthesis is realized;
as can be seen from example 2, the leftmost short side L of the mode converter 1 With the rightmost waveguide short side W 2 Equal, and the ratio of the outer width sides of the left end and the right end is just 4; therefore, the invention realizes the complex power distribution and synthesis of the two-dimensional 4 × 4 array, can adopt a modular mode, and directly and simply splices the structure provided by the embodiment 2, which is also a core advantage of the invention;
similarly, with respect to the rectangular waveguide TE provided in example 1 30 And TE 10 Mode converter, setting 1 TE at the first stage in the same manner 30 And TE 10 Mode converter and directly connects 3 TEs in the second stage 30 With TE 10 The mode converter is connected with 1 and 9 rectangular waveguide ports at the left end and the right end, so that 3 multiplied by 3 power distribution and synthesis can be realized;
further, any TE proposed by the present invention is utilized n0 And TE 10 The mode converter can be arranged by arranging a TE at the first stage as long as the short sides of the devices between the two stages are equal and the size ratio of the outer wide sides at the connection part of the two stages is equal to or slightly larger than m m0 And TE 10 A mode converter for setting m TEs in the second stage k0 And TE 10 The mode converter is used for realizing any power distribution and synthesis array of m multiplied by k orders in a mode of adding corresponding rectangular waveguide ports; the invention ensures large bandwidth and small loss, does not need a complex structure, greatly reduces cost and processing difficulty, and realizes an arbitrary two-dimensional power distribution synthesis array which is difficult to realize by a traditional device.
Where mentioned above are merely embodiments of the invention, any feature disclosed in this specification may, unless stated otherwise, be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (3)
1. A rectangular waveguide mode converter, characterized in that the rectangular waveguide mode converter is used for realizing rectangular waveguide TE n0 And TE 10 Interconversion of mode electromagnetic waves, where n is a positive integer greater than 2;
the rectangular waveguide mode converter is divided into a double-ridge mode conversion waveguide (1), a multi-ridge direction-dividing waveguide (2) and a multi-ridge compression waveguide (3) along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide (1) is a rectangular waveguide with a square ridge, and the size of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide is unchanged and the size of the wide side is increased linearly from the starting end to the tail end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide; the start end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide is used as rectangular TE 10 A mode port, wherein the cross section of the starting end is rectangular; the other sections parallel to the section of the starting end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide are similar rectangles with square ridges on the wide sides, and the two wide sides of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide are respectively provided with 1 square ridge and are positioned at the middle point of the wide sidesTreating;
the multi-ridge directional waveguide (2) is a rectangular waveguide with a square ridge, and the narrow side size of the rectangular waveguide is unchanged and the wide side size is increased linearly from the start end to the tail end of the multi-ridge directional waveguide; any section of the multi-ridge branch waveguide is a rectangle-like shape with a square ridge on a wide edge, the section of the starting end of the multi-ridge branch waveguide is superposed with the section of the tail end of the double-ridge mode conversion waveguide, and other sections parallel to the section of the starting end are as follows: when n is an even number, one of the wide sides is provided with n/2-1 square ridges, the centers of the square ridges are always positioned at the even n-th equally divided points of the wide sides of each cross section, and the other wide side is provided with n/2 square ridges, and the centers of the square ridges are always positioned at the odd n-th equally divided points of the wide sides of each cross section; when n is an odd number, one of the wide sides has (n-1)/2 square ridges, the centers of the square ridges are always positioned at the even number n equal divisions of the wide sides of the cross sections, the other wide side has (n-1)/2 square ridges, and the centers of the square ridges are always positioned at the odd number n equal divisions of the wide sides of the cross sections;
the multi-ridge compression waveguide (3) is a rectangular waveguide with a square ridge, and the narrow side size and the wide side size of the rectangular waveguide are not changed from the starting end to the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide; the distribution of the square ridges in any cross section of the multi-ridge compression waveguide is unchanged, the ridge height of each square ridge is linearly decreased to zero along the direction from the initial end to the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide, and the cross section of the tail end of the multi-ridge compression waveguide is rectangular and is used as TE n0 A mode port.
2. A power divider/combiner comprising 1 first-stage mode converter and m second-stage mode converters in cascade, wherein the first-stage mode converter and the second-stage mode converter are the rectangular waveguide mode converters of claim 1; wherein the first-stage mode converter is TE m0 With TE 10 Mode converter, the second stage mode converter being TE k0 With TE 10 Mode converter, TE of the m second-stage mode converters 10 TE with ports connected side by side to first stage mode converters m0 A port.
3. The power splitter combiner of claim 2 wherein TE is a time of day when the power splitter combiner distributes power 10 Electromagnetic waves of a mode are input to TE of the first-stage mode converter through the rectangular waveguide 10 The port is divided into m equal-energy TEs by the first-stage mode converter 10 The electromagnetic wave of mode is divided into m × k TE with equal energy equally by m second-stage mode converters 10 Electromagnetic waves of mode are finally respectively connected to the second-stage mode converter TE k0 A rectangular waveguide output of the port; when the power distribution synthesizer carries out power synthesis, m multiplied by k independent TEs 10 Electromagnetic waves of modes are respectively input to TE of the second-stage mode converter through the rectangular waveguide k0 The ports are phase-shifted and superposed by a second-stage mode converter to form m TE 10 Electromagnetic waves of the modes are phase-shifted, superposed and synthesized into 1 TE by a first-stage mode converter 10 Electromagnetic waves of mode, finally by connection to a first-stage mode converter TE 10 Rectangular waveguide output of the port.
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