CN114717841A - 一种抗撕裂防辐射面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗撕裂防辐射面料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114717841A CN114717841A CN202210411566.8A CN202210411566A CN114717841A CN 114717841 A CN114717841 A CN 114717841A CN 202210411566 A CN202210411566 A CN 202210411566A CN 114717841 A CN114717841 A CN 114717841A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- CXELRTKRCZJBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminoanilino)urea Chemical compound NC(=O)NNC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 CXELRTKRCZJBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HOIQWTMREPWSJY-GNOQXXQHSA-K iron(3+);(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O HOIQWTMREPWSJY-GNOQXXQHSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KOECRLKKXSXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodobismuthane Chemical compound I[Bi](I)I KOECRLKKXSXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 52
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
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- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
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- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IZYSGILYXDPPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC IZYSGILYXDPPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JQJPBYFTQAANLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl nitrite Chemical compound CCCCON=O JQJPBYFTQAANLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide Chemical compound NNC(N)=O DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001451 bismuth ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical group C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 methoxyl groups Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/22—Halides of elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/49—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 8, 9,10 or 18 of the Periodic Table; Ferrates; Cobaltates; Nickelates; Ruthenates; Osmates; Rhodates; Iridates; Palladates; Platinates
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
- D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
- D06M13/432—Urea, thiourea or derivatives thereof, e.g. biurets; Urea-inclusion compounds; Dicyanamides; Carbodiimides; Guanidines, e.g. dicyandiamides
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- D06M14/02—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin
- D06M14/04—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin of vegetal origin, e.g. cellulose or derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗撕裂防辐射面料及其制备方法,涉及面料技术领域。本发明先将纤维经喷涂处理,得改性纤维;然后边编织边喷涂油酸铁,红外磁加热后,形成非均匀的交联网络结构,有效分散应力,提高面料的抗撕裂性;再进行碱化改性处理,并以此作为交联剂,经聚合制得凝胶面料,有效粘着纤维,抑制面料撕裂时裂纹的产生和扩展,提高面料的抗撕裂性;然后利用间氨基苯氨基脲、N‑(4‑苯酚基)‑N,4‑二甲基苯‑1‑磺酰胺、甲醛和碘化铋改性凝胶面料,有效阻挡射线辐照。本发明制备的抗撕裂防辐射面料具有抗撕裂、防辐射的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及面料技术领域,具体为一种抗撕裂防辐射面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,人们的健康意识大幅度提升,通过各种运动方式来获得健康,也成为了人民追捧的主要方式。其中,户外运动是以自然环境为场地的带有探险和挑战性的体验性项目;常见的户外运动有蹦极、漂流、登山、攀岩、野外骑行、露营等等,由于户外运动场所的环境较为恶劣,运动强度大,摩擦、碰撞的概率较大,因此对于户外运动的服装、运动鞋、帐篷、背包等户外装备的质量也有较高的要求。目前市面上的涤纶、涤棉、尼龙面料主要存在厚重、撕裂强度不均匀、撕裂强度不理想的现象。
轻薄、环保、高效是当前医学、通讯、军事、工业等辐射防护领域的发展趋势,目前,辐射防护纺织品的制备方法主要分为两大类:一是制备防辐射纤维,二是对纺织品进行防辐射后整理,但贴身穿着时感觉生硬,且与人体皮肤接触会引起部分人体过敏,从而对人体产生伤害,因此制备出抗撕裂强度和防辐射都较强的面料,具有重要的实用和经济价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗撕裂防辐射面料及其制备方法,以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种抗撕裂防辐射面料,包括防辐射膜和凝胶面料,所述凝胶面料由以下方法制得,将纤维经喷涂处理,得改性纤维;然后边编织边喷涂油酸铁,红外磁加热后,进行碱化改性处理,加入丙烯酰胺,制得凝胶面料。
进一步的,所述喷涂处理为喷涂正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液。
进一步的,所述碱化改性处理为喷涂N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵后,浸泡在十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
进一步的,所述防辐射膜由间氨基苯氨基脲、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺、甲醛和碘化铋制得。
进一步的,一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)将预处理棉纤维置于容器中,喷涂预处理棉纤维质量6~14倍的正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液,再浸泡于预处理棉纤维质量5~10倍的氨水溶液,氨水溶液中无水乙醇与质量分数为10%~20%氨水的体积比为1:1,30~40kHz下振荡55~69min后,置于40~60℃的水浴锅中,100~200rpm下搅拌4~8h,捞出,依次用蒸馏水、酸性乙醇洗涤3~7次后,60~70℃下干燥2~5h,得改性纤维;
(2)将改性纤维合股形成股线,作为经纱和纬纱,在油酸铁气氛中编织得基础面料;将基础面料浸泡于基础面料质量3~8倍的油酸混液,油酸混液中油酸和十八烯的质量比为1:7~1:13,50~60℃下浸泡30~43min后,再置于磁场中,抽真空至1×10-5~4×10- 5Pa,以10~20mL/h充入氩气至压力为0.5~1.5MPa后,红外能强度3~6kW/m2下加热20~34min后,捞出,用蒸馏水洗涤3~6次得改性面料前体;
(3)向改性面料前体喷涂改性面料前体质量4~10倍的环己烷溶液,30~40kHz下振荡1~4h,然后加入改性面料前体质量1~4倍的甲苯,相同频率下振荡6~10h后,80~100℃真空干燥7~11h,得碱化前体;将碱化前体和去离子水按质量比1:120~1:140混合,30~40kHz下分散5~10min后,加入碱化前体质量2~5倍的十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷,冰浴中静置20~24h后,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:0.001:0.005~1:0.003:0.007加入丙烯酰胺、过硫酸钾和四甲基乙二胺,丙烯酰胺和碱化前体的质量比为4:1~8:1,20~32℃下反应12~18h,得凝胶面料;
(4)将金属钠溶于金属钠质量15~20倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入金属钠质量0.3~0.7倍的间氨基苯氨基脲、金属钠质量41~50倍的70~84℃的无水乙醇,反应30~44min后,冷却至30~40℃,加入金属钠质量3~9倍的亚硝酸正丁酯,加热至60~70℃,反应10~14h后,冷却至室温,抽滤,用无水乙醚洗涤3~7次,得重氮化合物;
(5)将重氮化合物、无水乙醇、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺按质量比1:15:0.5~1:20:0.9混合,冷却至0~5℃,二氧化碳气氛下,静置44~50h后,加入重氮化合物质量2~6倍的质量分数为20%的盐酸,静置22~27h后抽滤,用去离子水洗涤3~6次,50~60℃干燥2~5h得偶联化合物;
(6)氮气保护下,按质量比1:3:0.2:0.5~1:6:0.2:0.9加入偶联化合物、甲醇、甲醛和凝胶面料,100~200rpm下搅拌20~25h得配合物;加入四氢呋喃至完全溶解后,加入配合物质量0.1~0.3倍的氢化钠,静置至无气泡产生,再加入配合物质量0.3~0.6倍的碘化铋、配合物质量2~6倍的四氢呋喃,50~100rpm下搅拌28~42min,捞出,用去离子水洗涤4~8次,60~70℃干燥2~5h得抗撕裂防辐射面料。
进一步的,步骤(1)所述预处理棉纤维:将棉纤维浸泡于棉纤维质量2~6倍的质量分数为5%的硫酸中,25~35kHz下震荡15~30min后,用蒸馏水洗涤至溶液pH为6~7;再浸泡于棉纤维质量2~6倍的质量分数为8%、温度为86~100℃的氢氧化钠中,恒温浸泡55~70min,用蒸馏水洗涤3~8次后,60~70℃干燥1.5~3.5h。
进一步的,步骤(1)所述正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液:将四氧化三铁溶于四氧化三铁质量90~100倍的氯仿,再加入四氧化三铁质量650~700倍的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和去离子水的质量比为1:50,水浴法加热到50~60℃,50~100rpm下搅拌6~14min后,按质量比1:7:2~1:14:6加入正硅酸乙酯、无水乙醇和去离子水,正硅酸乙酯和四氧化三铁的质量比为4.3:1~7.5:1。
进一步的,步骤(2)所述基础面料的克重为160~220g/m2。
进一步的,步骤(2)所述磁场强度为3~8T。
进一步的,步骤(3)所述环己烷溶液的制备方法:N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵和环己烷按质量比为1:4.6混合制得。
与现有技术相比,本发明所达到的有益效果是:
本发明先改性纤维,再以此为基础制成凝胶面料,然后包覆防辐射膜,以实现抗撕裂、防辐射的效果。
首先,本发明进行第一次喷涂处理,利用纤维的羟基,与正硅酸乙酯的羟基形成化学键合,从而将其吸附于纤维上,并将四氧化三铁分散其中,超声下形成多孔二氧化硅,从而在纤维表面形成非均匀的凸起状颗粒;接着进行第二次喷涂处理,在编织过程中,雾化油酸铁溶液,红外磁加热下,气相油酸铁穿过二氧化硅孔道,定向堆叠沉积于四氧化三铁表面,沿着孔道继续生长出四氧化三铁晶须,互相交联,凸起状颗粒形成集中交联中心,形成非均匀的交联网络结构,撕裂过程中使应力通过集中交联点均匀分散到周围的分子上,提高面料的抗撕裂性;然后进行第三次喷涂处理,不断喷涂N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵,进行碱化改性凸起状颗粒,并以十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷为油相,在接触碱化的颗粒时,链上的甲氧基发生水解,产生两亲性活性分子,颗粒自发乳化并且自组装到水油界面进而形成水包油乳液,包裹住纤维面料后,加入丙烯酰胺,在引发剂的帮助和颗粒乳液交联作用下,以交联网络结构为骨架,形成凝胶,有效粘着纤维,有利于抑制面料撕裂时裂纹的产生和扩展,提高面料的抗撕裂性。
其次,利用间氨基苯氨基脲、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺、甲醛和碘化铋改性凝胶面料;间氨基苯氨基脲经重氮化后,与N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺发生偶联反应,形成偶联化合物;然后在甲醛的交联作用下,偶联化合物与凝胶面料表面的氨基反应,将其接枝于面料表面,形成防辐射膜;再与碘化铋,通过双酚基、氨基配合,形成铋配合物,有效阻挡射线辐照,使面料具有防辐射效果;并且间氨基苯氨基脲、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺、甲醛有效激活铋离子光催化活性,抑制了光生电子-空穴对复合,有效降解射线辐照,提高面料的防辐射能力。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了更清楚的说明本发明提供的方法通过以下实施例进行详细说明,在以下实施例中制作的抗撕裂防辐射面料的各指标测试方法如下:
抗撕裂性:取质量相同的实施例与对比例进行撕破强力效果测试,参照按GB/T3917-1。
防辐射面料:取质量大小相同的实施例与对比例进行防辐射效果测试,参照GBZ/T147。
实施例1
一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,所述抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法主要包括以下制备步骤:
(1)将棉纤维浸泡于棉纤维质量2倍的质量分数为5%的硫酸中,25kHz下震荡30min后,用蒸馏水洗涤至溶液pH为6;再浸泡于棉纤维质量2倍的质量分数为8%、温度为86℃的氢氧化钠中,恒温浸泡70min,用蒸馏水洗涤3次后,60℃干燥3.5h,得预处理棉纤维;将四氧化三铁溶于四氧化三铁质量90倍的氯仿,再加入四氧化三铁质量650倍的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和去离子水的质量比为1:50,水浴法加热到50℃,50rpm下搅拌14min后,按质量比1:7:2加入正硅酸乙酯、无水乙醇和去离子水,正硅酸乙酯和四氧化三铁的质量比为4.3:1,得正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液;将预处理棉纤维置于容器中,喷涂预处理棉纤维质量6倍的正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液,再浸泡于预处理棉纤维质量5倍的氨水溶液,氨水溶液中无水乙醇与质量分数为10%氨水的体积比为1:1,30kHz下振荡69min后,置于40℃的水浴锅中,100rpm下搅拌8h,捞出,依次用蒸馏水、酸性乙醇洗涤3次后,60℃下干燥5h,得改性纤维;
(2)将改性纤维合股形成股线,作为经纱和纬纱,在油酸铁气氛中编织得克重为160g/m2的基础面料;将基础面料浸泡于基础面料质量3倍的油酸混液,油酸混液中油酸和十八烯的质量比为1:7,50℃下浸泡43min后,再置于3T的磁场中,抽真空至1×10-5Pa,以10mL/h充入氩气至压力为0.5MPa后,红外能强度3kW/m2下加热20min后,捞出,用蒸馏水洗涤3次得改性面料前体;
(3)向改性面料前体喷涂改性面料前体质量4倍的环己烷溶液,环己烷溶液中N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵和环己烷的质量比为1:4.6,30kHz下振荡4h,然后加入改性面料前体质量1倍的甲苯,相同频率下振荡10h后,80℃真空干燥11h,得碱化前体;将碱化前体和去离子水按质量比1:120混合,30kHz下分散10min后,加入碱化前体质量2倍的十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷,冰浴中静置20h后,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:0.001:0.005加入丙烯酰胺、过硫酸钾和四甲基乙二胺,丙烯酰胺和碱化前体的质量比为4:1,202℃下反应18h,得凝胶面料;
(4)将金属钠溶于金属钠质量15倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入金属钠质量0.3倍的间氨基苯氨基脲、金属钠质量41倍的70℃的无水乙醇,反应44min后,冷却至30℃,加入金属钠质量3倍的亚硝酸正丁酯,加热至60℃,反应14h后,冷却至室温,抽滤,用无水乙醚洗涤3次,得重氮化合物;
(5)将重氮化合物、无水乙醇、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺按质量比1:15:0.5混合,冷却至0℃,二氧化碳气氛下,静置44h后,加入重氮化合物质量2倍的质量分数为20%的盐酸,静置22h后抽滤,用去离子水洗涤3次,50℃干燥5h得偶联化合物;
(6)氮气保护下,按质量比1:3:0.2:0.5加入偶联化合物、甲醇、甲醛和凝胶面料,100rpm下搅拌25h得配合物;加入四氢呋喃至完全溶解后,加入配合物质量0.1倍的氢化钠,静置至无气泡产生,再加入配合物质量0.3倍的碘化铋、配合物质量2倍的四氢呋喃,50rpm下搅拌42min,捞出,用去离子水洗涤4次,60℃干燥5h得抗撕裂防辐射面料。
实施例2
一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,所述抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法主要包括以下制备步骤:
(1)将棉纤维浸泡于棉纤维质量4倍的质量分数为5%的硫酸中,30kHz下震荡23min后,用蒸馏水洗涤至溶液pH为6.5;再浸泡于棉纤维质量4倍的质量分数为8%、温度为93℃的氢氧化钠中,恒温浸泡62min,用蒸馏水洗涤5次后,65℃干燥2h,得预处理棉纤维;将四氧化三铁溶于四氧化三铁质量95倍的氯仿,再加入四氧化三铁质量675倍的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和去离子水的质量比为1:50,水浴法加热到55℃,80rpm下搅拌10min后,按质量比1:10.5:4加入正硅酸乙酯、无水乙醇和去离子水,正硅酸乙酯和四氧化三铁的质量比为5.9:1,得正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液;将预处理棉纤维置于容器中,喷涂预处理棉纤维质量10倍的正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液,再浸泡于预处理棉纤维质量7.5倍的氨水溶液,氨水溶液中无水乙醇与质量分数为15%氨水的体积比为1:1,35kHz下振荡62min后,置于50℃的水浴锅中,150rpm下搅拌6h,捞出,依次用蒸馏水、酸性乙醇洗涤5次后,65℃下干燥3.5h,得改性纤维;
(2)将改性纤维合股形成股线,作为经纱和纬纱,在油酸铁气氛中编织得克重为190g/m2的基础面料;将基础面料浸泡于基础面料质量5.5倍的油酸混液,油酸混液中油酸和十八烯的质量比为1:10,55℃下浸泡36min后,再置于5T的磁场中,抽真空至2.5×10-5Pa,以15mL/h充入氩气至压力为1.0MPa后,红外能强度4.5kW/m2下加热27min后,捞出,用蒸馏水洗涤4次得改性面料前体;
(3)向改性面料前体喷涂改性面料前体质量7倍的环己烷溶液,环己烷溶液中N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵和环己烷的质量比为1:4.6,35kHz下振荡2.5h,然后加入改性面料前体质量2.5倍的甲苯,相同频率下振荡8h后,900℃真空干燥9h,得碱化前体;将碱化前体和去离子水按质量比1:130混合,35kHz下分散7min后,加入碱化前体质量3.5倍的十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷,冰浴中静置22h后,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:0.002:0.006加入丙烯酰胺、过硫酸钾和四甲基乙二胺,丙烯酰胺和碱化前体的质量比为6:1,26℃下反应15h,得凝胶面料;
(4)将金属钠溶于金属钠质量17.5倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入金属钠质量0.5倍的间氨基苯氨基脲、金属钠质量45.5倍的77℃的无水乙醇,反应37min后,冷却至35℃,加入金属钠质量6倍的亚硝酸正丁酯,加热至65℃,反应12h后,冷却至室温,抽滤,用无水乙醚洗涤5次,得重氮化合物;
(5)将重氮化合物、无水乙醇、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺按质量比1:17.5:0.7混合,冷却至2℃,二氧化碳气氛下,静置47h后,加入重氮化合物质量4倍的质量分数为20%的盐酸,静置24.5h后抽滤,用去离子水洗涤4次,55℃干燥3.5h得偶联化合物;
(6)氮气保护下,按质量比1:4.5:0.2:0.7加入偶联化合物、甲醇、甲醛和凝胶面料,150rpm下搅拌22.5h得配合物;加入四氢呋喃至完全溶解后,加入配合物质量0.2倍的氢化钠,静置至无气泡产生,再加入配合物质量0.45倍的碘化铋、配合物质量4倍的四氢呋喃,70rpm下搅拌35min,捞出,用去离子水洗涤6次,65℃干燥3.5h得抗撕裂防辐射面料。
实施例3
一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,所述抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法主要包括以下制备步骤:
(1)将棉纤维浸泡于棉纤维质量6倍的质量分数为5%的硫酸中,35kHz下震荡15min后,用蒸馏水洗涤至溶液pH为7;再浸泡于棉纤维质量6倍的质量分数为8%、温度为100℃的氢氧化钠中,恒温浸泡55min,用蒸馏水洗涤8次后,70℃干燥1.5h,得预处理棉纤维;将四氧化三铁溶于四氧化三铁质量100倍的氯仿,再加入四氧化三铁质量700倍的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和去离子水的质量比为1:50,水浴法加热到60℃,100rpm下搅拌6min后,按质量比1:14:6加入正硅酸乙酯、无水乙醇和去离子水,正硅酸乙酯和四氧化三铁的质量比为7.5:1,得正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液;将预处理棉纤维置于容器中,喷涂预处理棉纤维质量14倍的正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液,再浸泡于预处理棉纤维质量10倍的氨水溶液,氨水溶液中无水乙醇与质量分数为20%氨水的体积比为1:1,40kHz下振荡55min后,置于60℃的水浴锅中,200rpm下搅拌4h,捞出,依次用蒸馏水、酸性乙醇洗涤7次后,70℃下干燥2h,得改性纤维;
(2)将改性纤维合股形成股线,作为经纱和纬纱,在油酸铁气氛中编织得克重为220g/m2的基础面料;将基础面料浸泡于基础面料质量8倍的油酸混液,油酸混液中油酸和十八烯的质量比为1:13,60℃下浸泡30min后,再置于8T的磁场中,抽真空至4×10-5Pa,以20mL/h充入氩气至压力为1.5MPa后,红外能强度6kW/m2下加热34min后,捞出,用蒸馏水洗涤6次得改性面料前体;
(3)向改性面料前体喷涂改性面料前体质量10倍的环己烷溶液,环己烷溶液中N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵和环己烷的质量比为1:4.6,40kHz下振荡1h,然后加入改性面料前体质量4倍的甲苯,相同频率下振荡6h后,100℃真空干燥7h,得碱化前体;将碱化前体和去离子水按质量比1:140混合,40kHz下分散5min后,加入碱化前体质量5倍的十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷,冰浴中静置24h后,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:0.003:0.007加入丙烯酰胺、过硫酸钾和四甲基乙二胺,丙烯酰胺和碱化前体的质量比为8:1,32℃下反应12h,得凝胶面料;
(4)将金属钠溶于金属钠质量20倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入金属钠质量0.7倍的间氨基苯氨基脲、金属钠质量50倍的84℃的无水乙醇,反应30min后,冷却至40℃,加入金属钠质量9倍的亚硝酸正丁酯,加热至70℃,反应104h后,冷却至室温,抽滤,用无水乙醚洗涤7次,得重氮化合物;
(5)将重氮化合物、无水乙醇、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺按质量比1:20:0.9混合,冷却至5℃,二氧化碳气氛下,静置50h后,加入重氮化合物质量6倍的质量分数为20%的盐酸,静置27h后抽滤,用去离子水洗涤6次,60℃干燥2h得偶联化合物;
(6)氮气保护下,按质量比1:6:0.2:0.9加入偶联化合物、甲醇、甲醛和凝胶面料,200rpm下搅拌20h得配合物;加入四氢呋喃至完全溶解后,加入配合物质量0.3倍的氢化钠,静置至无气泡产生,再加入配合物质量0.6倍的碘化铋、配合物质量6倍的四氢呋喃,100rpm下搅拌28min,捞出,用去离子水洗涤8次,70℃干燥2h得抗撕裂防辐射面料。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例2的区别在于无步骤(1),步骤(2)改为:将棉纤维合股形成股线,作为经纱和纬纱,在油酸铁气氛中编织得克重为190g/m2的基础面料;将基础面料浸泡于基础面料质量5.5倍的油酸混液,油酸混液中油酸和十八烯的质量比为1:10,55℃下浸泡36min后,再置于5T的磁场中,抽真空至2.5×10-5Pa,以15mL/h充入氩气至压力为1.0MPa后,红外能强度4.5kW/m2下加热27min后,捞出,用蒸馏水洗涤4次得改性面料前体。其余制备步骤同实施例2。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例2的区别在于步骤(2)、步骤(3)的不同,将步骤(2)改为:将改性纤维合股形成股线,作为经纱和纬纱,在油酸铁气氛中编织得克重为190g/m2的基础面料;将步骤(3)改为:向基础面料前体喷涂基础面料质量7倍的环己烷溶液,环己烷溶液中N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵和环己烷的质量比为1:4.6,35kHz下振荡2.5h,然后加入基础面料质量2.5倍的甲苯,相同频率下振荡8h后,900℃真空干燥9h,得碱化前体;将碱化前体和去离子水按质量比1:130混合,35kHz下分散7min后,加入碱化前体质量3.5倍的十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷,冰浴中静置22h后,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:0.002:0.006加入丙烯酰胺、过硫酸钾和四甲基乙二胺,丙烯酰胺和碱化前体的质量比为6:1,26℃下反应15h,得凝胶面料。其余制备步骤同实施例2。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例2的区别在于步骤(3)的不同,将步骤(3)改为:改性面料前体和去离子水按质量比1:130混合,35kHz下分散7min后,加入改性面料前体质量3.5倍的十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷,冰浴中静置22h后,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:0.002:0.006加入丙烯酰胺、过硫酸钾和四甲基乙二胺,丙烯酰胺和改性面料前体的质量比为6:1,26℃下反应15h,得凝胶面料。其余制备步骤同实施例2。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例2的区别在于步骤(3)的不同,将步骤(3)改为:向改性面料前体喷涂改性面料前体质量7倍的环己烷溶液,环己烷溶液中N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵和环己烷的质量比为1:4.6,35kHz下振荡2.5h,然后加入改性面料前体质量2.5倍的甲苯,相同频率下振荡8h后,900℃真空干燥9h,得凝胶面料。其余制备步骤同实施例2。
对比例5
对比例5与实施例2的区别在于无步骤(4),步骤(5)改为:将间氨基苯氨基脲、无水乙醇、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺按质量比1:17.5:0.7混合,冷却至2℃,二氧化碳气氛下,静置47h后,加入间氨基苯氨基脲质量4倍的质量分数为20%的盐酸,静置24.5h后抽滤,用去离子水洗涤4次,55℃干燥3.5h得偶联化合物。其余制备步骤同实施例2。
对比例6
对比例6与实施例2的区别在于无步骤(5),将步骤(6)改为:氮气保护下,按质量比1:4.5:0.2:0.7加入重氮化合物、甲醇、甲醛和凝胶面料,150rpm下搅拌22.5h得配合物;加入四氢呋喃至完全溶解后,加入配合物质量0.2倍的氢化钠,静置至无气泡产生,再加入配合物质量0.45倍的碘化铋、配合物质量4倍的四氢呋喃,70rpm下搅拌35min,捞出,用去离子水洗涤6次,65℃干燥3.5h得抗撕裂防辐射面料。其余制备步骤同实施例2。
对比例7
对比例7与实施例2的区别在于步骤(6)的不同,将步骤(6)改为:氮气保护下,按质量比1:4.5:0.2:0.7加入偶联化合物、甲醇、甲醛和凝胶面料,150rpm下搅拌22.5h得抗撕裂防辐射面料。其余制备步骤同实施例2。
效果例
下表1给出了采用本发明实施例1至3与对比例1至7的抗撕裂防辐射面料的性能分析结果。
表1
从实施例与对比例的经纬向撕破强力实验数据对比可发现,本产品利用二氧化硅将四氧化三铁沉积于纤维表面形成非均匀的凸起状颗粒,并利用二氧化硅的孔道,继续生长出四氧化三铁晶须,互相交联,以凸起状颗粒形成集中交联中心,形成非均匀的交联网络结构,有效分散应力,提高面料的抗撕裂性;然后形成水包油乳液膜,以此作为交联剂,以交联网络结构为骨架,在引发剂的作用下,丙烯酰胺聚合形成凝胶,有效粘着纤维,有利于抑制面料撕裂时裂纹的产生和扩展,提高面料的抗撕裂性;从实施例与对比例的防护效率实验数据对比可发现,在本产品中,利用间氨基苯氨基脲、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺、甲醛和碘化铋改性凝胶面料,形成铋离子配合物,有效阻挡射线辐照,使面料具有防辐射效果;并且间氨基苯氨基脲、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺、甲醛有效激活铋离子光催化活性,抑制了光生电子-空穴对复合,有效降解射线辐照,提高面料的防辐射能力。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗撕裂防辐射面料,包括防辐射膜和凝胶面料,其特征在于,所述凝胶面料由以下方法制得,将纤维经喷涂处理,得改性纤维;然后边编织边喷涂油酸铁,红外磁加热后,进行碱化改性处理,加入丙烯酰胺,制得凝胶面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料,其特征在于,所述喷涂处理为喷涂正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料,其特征在于,所述碱化改性处理为喷涂N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵后,浸泡在十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料,其特征在于,所述防辐射膜由间氨基苯氨基脲、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺、甲醛和碘化铋制得。
5.一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)将预处理棉纤维置于容器中,喷涂预处理棉纤维质量6~14倍的正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液,再浸泡于预处理棉纤维质量5~10倍的氨水溶液,氨水溶液中无水乙醇与质量分数为10%~20%氨水的体积比为1:1,30~40kHz下振荡55~69min后,置于40~60℃的水浴锅中,100~200rpm下搅拌4~8h,捞出,依次用蒸馏水、酸性乙醇洗涤3~7次后,60~70℃下干燥2~5h,得改性纤维;
(2)将改性纤维合股形成股线,作为经纱和纬纱,在油酸铁气氛中编织得基础面料;将基础面料浸泡于基础面料质量3~8倍的油酸混液,油酸混液中油酸和十八烯的质量比为1:7~1:13,50~60℃下浸泡30~43min后,再置于磁场中,抽真空至1×10-5~4×10-5Pa,以10~20mL/h充入氩气至压力为0.5~1.5MPa后,红外能强度3~6kW/m2下加热20~34min后,捞出,用蒸馏水洗涤3~6次得改性面料前体;
(3)向改性面料前体喷涂改性面料前体质量4~10倍的环己烷溶液,30~40kHz下振荡1~4h,然后加入改性面料前体质量1~4倍的甲苯,相同频率下振荡6~10h后,80~100℃真空干燥7~11h,得碱化前体;将碱化前体和去离子水按质量比1:120~1:140混合,30~40kHz下分散5~10min后,加入碱化前体质量2~5倍的十七癸基三甲氧基硅烷,冰浴中静置20~24h后,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:0.001:0.005~1:0.003:0.007加入丙烯酰胺、过硫酸钾和四甲基乙二胺,丙烯酰胺和碱化前体的质量比为4:1~8:1,20~32℃下反应12~18h,得凝胶面料;
(4)将金属钠溶于金属钠质量15~20倍的无水乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入金属钠质量0.3~0.7倍的间氨基苯氨基脲、金属钠质量41~50倍的70~84℃的无水乙醇,反应30~44min后,冷却至30~40℃,加入金属钠质量3~9倍的亚硝酸正丁酯,加热至60~70℃,反应10~14h后,冷却至室温,抽滤,用无水乙醚洗涤3~7次,得重氮化合物;
(5)将重氮化合物、无水乙醇、N-(4-苯酚基)-N,4-二甲基苯-1-磺酰胺按质量比1:15:0.5~1:20:0.9混合,冷却至0~5℃,二氧化碳气氛下,静置44~50h后,加入重氮化合物质量2~6倍的质量分数为20%的盐酸,静置22~27h后抽滤,用去离子水洗涤3~6次,50~60℃干燥2~5h得偶联化合物;
(6)氮气保护下,按质量比1:3:0.2:0.5~1:6:0.2:0.9加入偶联化合物、甲醇、甲醛和凝胶面料,100~200rpm下搅拌20~25h得配合物;加入四氢呋喃至完全溶解后,加入配合物质量0.1~0.3倍的氢化钠,静置至无气泡产生,再加入配合物质量0.3~0.6倍的碘化铋、配合物质量2~6倍的四氢呋喃,50~100rpm下搅拌28~42min,捞出,用去离子水洗涤4~8次,60~70℃干燥2~5h得抗撕裂防辐射面料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述预处理棉纤维:将棉纤维浸泡于棉纤维质量2~6倍的质量分数为5%的硫酸中,25~35kHz下震荡15~30min后,用蒸馏水洗涤至溶液pH为6~7;再浸泡于棉纤维质量2~6倍的质量分数为8%、温度为86~100℃的氢氧化钠中,恒温浸泡55~70min,用蒸馏水洗涤3~8次后,60~70℃干燥1.5~3.5h。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述正硅酸乙酯-四氧化三铁混合液:将四氧化三铁溶于四氧化三铁质量90~100倍的氯仿,再加入四氧化三铁质量650~700倍的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和去离子水的质量比为1:50,水浴法加热到50~60℃,50~100rpm下搅拌6~14min后,按质量比1:7:2~1:14:6加入正硅酸乙酯、无水乙醇和去离子水,正硅酸乙酯和四氧化三铁的质量比为4.3:1~7.5:1。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述基础面料的克重为160~220g/m2。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述磁场强度为3~8T。
10.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗撕裂防辐射面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述环己烷溶液的制备方法:N-三甲氧基硅烷丙基-N,N,N-三正丁基氯化铵和环己烷按质量比为1:4.6混合制得。
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