CN114716239A - 一种高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114716239A
CN114716239A CN202210271533.8A CN202210271533A CN114716239A CN 114716239 A CN114716239 A CN 114716239A CN 202210271533 A CN202210271533 A CN 202210271533A CN 114716239 A CN114716239 A CN 114716239A
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heat
parts
insulating layer
infrared radiation
low
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CN114716239B (zh
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孟宪春
李飞
路思明
来俊华
宋荣全
李明
马才政
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Qinhuangdao North Metal Hose Co ltd
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Qinhuangdao North Metal Hose Co ltd
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Abstract

一种高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，涂覆在钢结构风管的内壁，所述复合材料内衬由管件内壁向内依次为红外辐射涂层、低热导隔热层和抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层，其中红外辐射涂层的厚度为0.1‑1毫米，低热导隔热层的厚度为20‑60毫米，抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层厚度为1‑5毫米。采用本发明高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬可以使高炉送风装置管道系统的外壁温度由现在的220～300℃降低到150℃以下，有效寿命由现在的3～6个月提高到12～18个月，现场休风率由2.03％降低到1.8％以下。

Description

一种高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种轻质耐火材料及制备方法，特别是适用于冶金炼铁高炉送风装置工艺管道的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬及其制备方法。
背景技术
冶金炼铁高炉送风装置支管(以下简称风管)在炼铁工艺管道中的作用是将热风炉加热的1250～1350℃的热空气送入高炉的主体装置。风管的基本组成包括连接管(又称波纹管或端管)、鹅颈管(又称弯管和异径管)、视镜和直吹管。由于在高炉生产上采取了精料及喷吹煤粉等措施，加上操作水平的提高，保证了高炉的稳定运行，为高炉接受高风温奠定了基础。在此前提下，高温及长寿成为设计热风炉及其装置的最主要的目标。要保证热风炉的加热能力并将热能通过支管有效输人高炉内，最重要的影响因素是合理的内衬工艺结构和与之相适应的耐火材料的设计和选择。而提高耐火材料的关键又在于如何提高耐火材料的高温抗压强度和高温抗折强度。
风管的使的内衬材料长期经受高速气流的冲刷，因此要求内衬材料在使用温度下，具有优良的体积稳定性和耐磨性。以往风管内衬材料是用高铝矾土熟料或硬质粘土熟料，并配以液体水玻璃结合剂搅拌后浇注施工的，该材料体积稳定性差，风管易漏风发红。后来使用高氧化铝低水泥浇注料，该材料体积稳定性差，导热系数高，对风温保持不利。另外，由于该材料的最高使用温度和实际使用温度有一定的差距，加之材料内应力较大，在高温下容易产生裂纹。还有些设计在浇注料中加入钢纤维以提高材料的耐磨性及韧性，但寿命均不理想。
北美高炉送风装置使用情况证明，送风装置由于热波动、热负荷、热化学磨损和机械磨损等几个方面的综合作用，当系统达到1100～1200℃高风温时，隔热材料的高温抗压能力、抗折能力、抗渣能力最薄弱，极易造成隔热材料失效，产生局部脱落、焚化、被磨损甚至被高速热风冲刷掉，从而使送风装置漏风、发红。为此，业内人士对其结构进行了大量的改进，对隔热材料进行了相关的改进，但进展缓慢。
据统计，管壳散热损失占总热能损失的2％以上，热风温度在此阶段下降40～ 80℃，热风温度每提高100℃对应降低20kg焦比，可见内衬材料的隔热性能对于提高热能利用率具有重要影响。另外，从对目前国内现状的调研情况来看，传统的风管隔热内衬的使用寿命3～6个月，稳定性差，对整个高炉炼铁的可靠性造成了极大的影响。对此，传统的隔热内衬材料特性参数已远远不能满足新的结构设计的需要。综上所述，研制和开发高炉送风支管用高抗裂低热导陶瓷内衬材料防止管内衬耐火材料脱落，提高热风管线保温隔热效果，对提高炉风温度，降低高炉能耗具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，旨在提供一种高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬及其制备方法，所述内衬用于高炉风管可大幅度提高风管的有效寿命、降低现场休风率。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是这样的：
一种高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，涂覆在钢结构风管的内壁，所述复合材料内衬由钢结构件内壁向内依次为红外辐射涂层、低热导隔热层和抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层，其中红外辐射涂层的厚度为0.1-1毫米，低热导隔热层的厚度为20-60毫米，抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层厚度为1-5毫米。
上述高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，所述红外辐射涂层的原料组成质量份如下：磷酸二氢铝10-40，二氧化锰10-30，三氧化二铁20-40，氧化铜3-6、三氧化二铬3-6、氧化镍1-3、二氧化钛2-8、氧化铈1-3；
所述低热导隔热层的原料组成质量份如下：陶瓷纤维1-6，聚丙烯纤维1-6，氧化铝空心球10-30，轻质莫来石10-40，硅微粉1-3，氧化铝微粉2-5，蓝晶石粉1-3，铝酸钙水泥5-10；
所述抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层陶瓷涂料的原料组成质量份如下：陶瓷纤维1-10，硅酸锆粉60-80，磷酸二氢铝10-40。
上述高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，所述红外辐射涂层的原料中磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂，二氧化锰、三氧化二铁、氧化铜、三氧化二铬、氧化镍、二氧化钛、氧化铈均为粉末状，其粒度控制在325-3000目之间。
上述高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，所述低热导隔热层的原料中，陶瓷纤维优选直径为10-100μm，长度1-3mm的玄武岩纤维、硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维、莫来石纤维中的一种或多种；聚丙烯纤维的直径为10-100μm，长度 1-20mm；氧化铝空心球的粒度为30-60目；轻质莫来石为粒度16-30目的煅烧莫来石粉；硅微粉、氧化铝微粉和蓝晶石粉的粒度为600-1500目；铝酸钙水泥氧化铝质量百分含量大于70％。
上述高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，所述抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层陶瓷涂料的原料中，磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂；陶瓷纤维优选直径为1-50μm，长度 0.5-1mm的氧化铝纤维、莫来石或氧化锆纤维中的一种或多种；硅酸锆微粉粒径为325-900目，其中氧化锆的质量百分比不低于66％。
上述高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬的制备方法，涂敷于风管内表面的红外辐射涂层的制备方法如下：按比例取组成红外辐射涂层的各原料，在空气常温下球磨混合为均匀的红外辐射节能涂料；风管内壁进行除油处理，然后用压缩空气将喷枪中的红外辐射涂料均匀喷涂到风管的内表面，然后内表面喷涂红外辐射涂料的风管放置到烘箱中，在大气下于180-600℃进行热固化 10-60min，即获得红外辐射涂层。
上述高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬的制备方法，低热导隔热层的制备方法如下：按比例取组成低热导隔热层的各原料和原料总质量5-20％的水在混料装置内和料，一次和料质量控制在100-200kg，和料速度不大于150M/s，混料时间不少于20分钟；混料后在30分钟内完成浆料在红外辐射涂层外的浇筑，浇筑过程风管中部固定不锈钢芯棒，浆料固化温度为室温，气氛为大气，时间为24-48h；固化后对低热导隔热层进行非接触式烘烤，烘烤时间为12-24h。
上述高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬的制备方法，抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层的制备方法如下：按比例取组成抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层的原料，在空气常温下球磨混合为均匀的浆料，用压缩空气将喷枪中的浆料均匀喷涂到低热导隔热层的表面，然后迅速用氧-乙炔焰在该涂层表面进行快扫干燥固化，得到结构致密、表面光洁且与低热导隔热层紧密粘结为一体的抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明突破了现有技术中的高炉送风支管隔热耐火材料内衬的设计理念，设计了由红外辐射涂层、陶瓷纤维增强氧化铝空心球-莫来石低导热隔热层和陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层组成的隔热内衬复合结构，为炼铁高炉送风系统隔热内衬的设计提出了创新性思路。
(2)施涂在炼铁高炉送风支管内壁的红外辐射涂层，在金属管道内表面可形成结构致密的涂层，与基体结合力强；红外辐射节能涂料涂层能渗透基体形成过渡层和涂层的结构，耐机械冲击和热冲击。涂层的黑度可保证其在波长 2.5～15μm的光谱区间，发射率都在0.9以上，其应用可降低风管中热风能量的损耗。
(3)由于在陶瓷纤维增强的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层中添加了聚丙烯纤维，可以显著提高隔热层在水泥固化过程中的抗开裂性能，同时聚丙烯纤维在烘烤过程中逐渐烧除，使隔热层中形成了微小的孔隙，提高了隔热层的热阻；无机纤维的添加，则显著提高了隔热层在高温下的抗开裂性能。同时，氧化铝空心球和莫来石均为低热导陶瓷材料，且与铝酸钙水泥的结合力强，因此通过上述物料的配伍，可以获得低热导、抗开裂的风管内衬隔热层。
(4)风管中的气流温度可达到1250℃以上，而且风速快，对风管内衬材料存在热热冲刷侵蚀的不良作用。本发明采用低导热系数、高耐火度的硅酸锆微粉作为骨料，以高温粘结力强的磷酸二氢铝(可耐1800℃)作为粘结剂，结合高熔点的氧化铝、氧化锆纤维作为增强相，可获得致密、光洁和耐火度远超 1250℃的抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层，对中间的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层形成了有效的热冲刷防护，大大提高了风管内衬整体使用寿命。
采用本发明高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬可以使高炉送风装置管道系统的外壁温度由现在的220～300℃降低到150℃以下，有效寿命由现在的3～6个月提高到12～18个月，现场休风率由2.03％降低到1.8％以下。
附图说明
下面结合附图对发明作进一步说明。
图1是本发明高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬的示意图。
图中各标号清单为：1、钢结构件，2、红外辐射涂层，3、低热导隔热层， 4、抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层。
具体实施方式
参看图1，本发明所高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬涂覆在高炉炼铁风管的钢结构件1的内壁，复合材料内衬由钢结构件内表面向内依次为红外辐射涂层2、低热导隔热层3和抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层4，其中红外辐射涂层的厚度为0.1-1毫米，低热导隔热层的厚度为20-60毫米，抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层厚度为1-5毫米。
本发明涂敷于风管内表面的红外辐射涂层，以磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂，优选二氧化锰、三氧化二铁为基料，优选氧化铜、三氧化二铬、氧化镍、二氧化钛、氧化铈为辅料，按照比例添加到球磨罐中，在空气和常温下通过球磨混合成红外辐射节能涂料，再将该涂料喷涂于风管内表面，经加温固化，即得到红外辐射涂层。该红外辐射涂层为厚度0.1～1mm的致密涂层，抗热震极佳，涂层不龟裂，不脱落，与风管内壁的粘结性牢固，耐高温氧化腐蚀性好且耐酸耐碱。该红外辐射涂层具有较高的黑体辐射系数，可以将从风管内部热风传来的热量基于黑体辐射效应，返回风管内部，增加了热效，对风管的管壁起到了热防护的良好效果，同时也提高了热风的热量利用效率，降低了能耗。
浇筑在红外辐射涂层外的低热导隔热层以陶瓷纤维作为增强相，以聚丙烯纤维为抗干燥开裂填料，氧化铝空心球和轻质莫来石为主要原料，以硅微粉、氧化铝微粉和蓝晶石粉为填料，以水泥为结合剂，以自来水为分散介质，经和料获得可振捣浇筑的陶瓷浆料，在风管中部固定不锈钢芯棒，再将料浇筑于风管壁和芯棒之间的空隙中，待陶瓷浆料固化之后，将芯棒抽出，采用火焰烘烤器进行烘烤，使该低热导隔热层完全干燥。低热导隔热层可以获得明显的降低管道系统的外壁温度，由现在的220～300℃降低到150℃以下。在该隔热层中，氧化铝空心球和轻质莫来石均为低热导率陶瓷材料，具有极好的隔热保温作用；硅微粉和氧化铝微粉可以显著增加陶瓷浆料的流动性，蓝晶石起到了抗收缩的作用；聚丙烯纤维可以避免低热导隔热层在固化过程中的开裂问题，同时在高温下烧除，可使隔热层内部形成微孔结构，微孔中的空气是热的不良导体，所以聚丙烯纤维的添加还起到降低隔热层导热的作用；陶瓷纤维作为高温增强相，可以阻碍提高隔热层在高温下裂纹的扩展，从而提高了隔热层的抗高温开裂性能。
涂覆在低热导隔热层外的抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层，以陶瓷纤维作为增强相，以硅酸锆微粉为主要原料，以磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂，在空气和常温下通过球磨混合成陶瓷涂料，再将该涂料喷涂于低热导隔热层表面而形成涂层，用氧- 乙炔焰在该涂层表面进行快扫干燥固化，得到结构致密、表面光洁且与低热导隔热层紧密粘结为一体的陶瓷纤维增强的抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层。其中，磷酸二氢铝在1000℃以上会转变成磷酸铝，对陶瓷粉体的具有很强的高温粘结性能，同时，硅酸锆的熔点超过2000℃，不仅热导率低，而且耐磨性优良，而陶瓷纤维则起到了抗高温开裂的作用，由上述组分构成的抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层可以对中间的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层形成了有效的热冲刷防护，大大提高了风管内衬整体使用寿命。
以下提供几个具体的实施例。
实施例1：
(1)风管内表面红外辐射涂层制备
称取磷酸二氢铝1kg，二氧化锰3kg，三氧化二铁4kg，氧化铜0.5kg，三氧化二铬0.6kg，氧化镍0.3kg，二氧化钛0.4kg，氧化铈0.2kg，置于球磨罐中，进行球磨混合60min，得到红外辐射涂料。将风管内壁进行除油处理，然后用压缩空气将喷枪中的红外辐射节能涂料均匀喷涂到风管的内表面，然后内表面喷涂红外辐射涂料的风管放置到烘箱中，在大气下于180℃进行热固化 60min，即获得厚度为0.5毫米的红外辐射涂层。
(2)低热导隔热层的制备
称取玄武岩纤维5kg，聚丙烯纤维5kg，氧化铝空心球20kg，轻质莫来石 30kg，硅微粉3kg，氧化铝微粉5kg，蓝晶石粉3kg，铝酸钙水泥10kg，自来水 15kg，置于和料机中，在＞10℃恒温下通过智能混料装置进行和料，和料搅拌时振捣频率优选3300HZ/s，一次和料质量控制在100kg，和料速度100M/s，混料时间30分钟。确保混料无干料、无团料、料均匀、湿度均衡。将不锈钢芯棒置于风管中部，然后将浇筑浆料，陶瓷基复合材料在浇筑过程中，要同时进行振捣，确保上下、前后浇筑充分、材料流动顺畅、充填到每一结构件的深处，使附着物、气泡充分排出浇筑体外。然后，将浇筑的浆料在风管中进行固化，固化温度室温，气氛为大气，时间为24h。固化之后，将低热导隔热层的烘烤方式为明火非接触式烘烤，烘烤时间为12h，隔热层的厚度为20mm。
(3)陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层的制备
称取氧化铝纤维3kg，硅酸锆粉60kg，磷酸二氢铝15kg，置于球磨机中球磨混合60min，得到陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层用陶瓷浆料，取出后，用压缩空气将喷枪中的陶瓷浆料均匀喷涂到低热导隔热层的表面，然后迅速用氧-乙炔焰在该涂层表面进行快扫干燥固化，得到结构致密、表面光洁且与陶瓷纤维增强的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层紧密粘结为一体的陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层。隔热层厚度为5mm。
采用实施例1制备的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，其应用性能如下： 1)导热系数≤0.38W/(m.k)；2)现场休风率1.7％；3)高炉送风装置管道系统的外壁温度145℃；4)有效工作寿命12个月。
实施例2：
(1)风管内表面红外辐射涂层制备
称取磷酸二氢铝3kg，二氧化锰2kg，三氧化二铁3kg，氧化铜0.4kg，三氧化二铬0.5kg，氧化镍0.2kg，二氧化钛0.8kg，氧化铈0.1kg，置于球磨罐中，进行球磨混合60min，得到红外辐射节能涂料。将风管内壁进行除油处理，然后用压缩空气将喷枪中的红外辐射节能涂料均匀喷涂到风管的内表面，然后内表面喷涂红外辐射节能涂料的风管放置到烘箱中，在大气下于400℃进行热固化40min，获得厚度1毫米的红外辐射涂层。
(2)低热导隔热层的制备
称取硅酸铝纤维2kg，莫来石纤维3kg，聚丙烯纤维3kg，氧化铝空心球30kg，轻质莫来石40kg，硅微粉3kg，氧化铝微粉4kg，蓝晶石粉2kg，铝酸钙水泥 10kg，自来水18kg，置于和料机中，在＞10℃恒温下通过智能混料装置进行和料，和料搅拌时振捣频率优选3300HZ/s，一次和料质量控制在200kg，和料速度100M/s，混料时间45分钟。确保混料无干料、无团料、料均匀、湿度均衡。将不锈钢芯棒置于风管中部，然后将浇筑浆料，陶瓷基复合材料在浇筑过程中，要同时进行振捣，确保上下、前后浇筑充分、材料流动顺畅、充填到每一结构件的深处，使附着物、气泡充分排出浇筑体外。然后，将浇筑的浆料在风管中进行固化，固化温度室温，气氛为大气，时间为36h。固化之后，将低热导隔热层的烘烤方式为明火非接触式烘烤，烘烤时间为18h，隔热层的厚度约为 42mm。
(3)抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层的制备
称取莫来石纤维1.6kg，硅酸锆粉65kg，磷酸二氢铝20kg，置于球磨机中球磨混合90min，得到陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层用陶瓷浆料，取出后，用压缩空气将喷枪中的陶瓷浆料均匀喷涂到陶瓷纤维增强的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层的表面，然后迅速用氧-乙炔焰在该涂层表面进行快扫干燥固化，得到结构致密、表面光洁且与陶瓷纤维增强的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层紧密粘结为一体的陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层。隔热层厚度约为3mm。
采用实施例2制备的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，其应用性能如下： 1)导热系数≤0.36W/(m.k)；2)现场休风率1.65％；3)高炉送风装置管道系统的外壁温度133℃；4)有效工作寿命18个月。
实施例3：
(1)风管内表面红外辐射涂层制备
称取磷酸二氢铝4kg，二氧化锰2kg，三氧化二铁3.5kg，氧化铜0.3kg，三氧化二铬0.3kg，氧化镍0.3kg，二氧化钛0.3kg，氧化铈0.3kg，置于球磨罐中，进行球磨混合60min，得到红外辐射节能涂料。将风管内壁进行除油处理，然后用压缩空气将喷枪中的红外辐射节能涂料均匀喷涂到风管的内表面，然后内表面喷涂红外辐射节能涂料的风管放置到烘箱中，在大气下于600℃进行热固化10min，获得厚度为0.8毫米的红外辐射涂层。
(2)低热导隔热层的制备
称取氧化铝纤维1kg、莫来石纤维中1kg，聚丙烯纤维2kg，氧化铝空心球20kg，轻质莫来石40kg，硅微粉1.5kg，氧化铝微粉4kg，蓝晶石粉2kg，铝酸钙水泥7.5kg，自来水10kg，置于和料机中，在＞10℃恒温下通过智能混料装置进行和料，和料搅拌时振捣频率优选3300HZ/s，一次和料质量控制在 137kg，和料速度100M/s，混料时间45分钟。确保混料无干料、无团料、料均匀、湿度均衡。将不锈钢芯棒置于风管中部，然后将浇筑浆料，陶瓷基复合材料在浇筑过程中，要同时进行振捣，确保上下、前后浇筑充分、材料流动顺畅、充填到每一结构件的深处，使附着物、气泡充分排出浇筑体外。然后，将浇筑的浆料在风管中进行固化，固化温度室温，气氛为大气，时间为48h。固化之后，将低热导隔热层的烘烤方式为明火非接触式烘烤，烘烤时间为24h，隔热层的厚度为60mm。
(3)抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层的制备
称取氧化锆纤维1kg，硅酸锆粉60kg，磷酸二氢铝39kg，置于球磨机中球磨混合60min，得到陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层用陶瓷浆料，取出后，用压缩空气将喷枪中的陶瓷浆料均匀喷涂到陶瓷纤维增强的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层的表面，然后迅速用氧-乙炔焰在该涂层表面进行快扫干燥固化，得到结构致密、表面光洁且与陶瓷纤维增强的氧化铝空心球-莫来石质复合材料低热导隔热层紧密粘结为一体的陶瓷纤维增强的硅酸锆抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀的隔热层。隔热层厚度约为1mm。
采用实施例3制备的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，其应用性能如下： 1)导热系数≤0.39W/(m.k)；2)现场休风率1.72％；3)高炉送风装置管道系统的外壁温度141℃；4)有效工作寿命14个月。
上述实例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制，尽管参照最佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而这些修改或者等同替换亦不能使修改后的技术方案脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，涂覆在钢结构风管的内壁，其特征在于：所述复合材料内衬由钢结构件内壁向内依次为红外辐射涂层、低热导隔热层和抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层，其中红外辐射涂层的厚度为0.1-1毫米，低热导隔热层的厚度为20-60毫米，抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层厚度为1-5毫米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，其特征在于：所述红外辐射涂层的原料组成质量份如下：磷酸二氢铝10-40，二氧化锰10-30，三氧化二铁20-40，氧化铜3-6、三氧化二铬3-6、氧化镍1-3、二氧化钛2-8、氧化铈1-3；
所述低热导隔热层的原料组成质量份如下：陶瓷纤维1-6，聚丙烯纤维1-6，氧化铝空心球10-30，轻质莫来石10-40，硅微粉1-3，氧化铝微粉2-5，蓝晶石粉1-3，铝酸钙水泥5-10；
所述抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层陶瓷涂料的原料组成质量份如下：陶瓷纤维1-10，硅酸锆粉60-80，磷酸二氢铝10-40。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，其特征在于：所述红外辐射涂层的原料中磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂，二氧化锰、三氧化二铁、氧化铜、三氧化二铬、氧化镍、二氧化钛、氧化铈均为粉末状，其粒度控制在325-3000目之间。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，其特征在于：所述低热导隔热层的原料中，陶瓷纤维优选直径为10-100μm，长度1-3mm的玄武岩纤维、硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维、莫来石纤维中的一种或多种；聚丙烯纤维的直径为10-100μm，长度1-20mm；氧化铝空心球的粒度为30-60目；轻质莫来石为粒度16-30目的煅烧莫来石粉；硅微粉、氧化铝微粉和蓝晶石粉的粒度为600-1500目；铝酸钙水泥氧化铝质量百分含量大于70％。
5.根据权利要求2所述的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬，其特征在于：所述抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层陶瓷涂料的原料中，磷酸二氢铝为粘结剂；陶瓷纤维优选直径为1-50μm，长度0.5-1mm的氧化铝纤维、莫来石或氧化锆纤维中的一种或多种；硅酸锆微粉粒径为325-900目，其中氧化锆的质量百分比不低于66％。
6.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬的制备方法，其特征在于：涂敷于风管内表面的红外辐射涂层的制备方法如下：按比例取组成红外辐射涂层的各原料，在空气常温下球磨混合为均匀的红外辐射节能涂料；风管内壁进行除油处理，然后用压缩空气将喷枪中的红外辐射涂料均匀喷涂到风管的内表面，然后内表面喷涂红外辐射涂料的风管放置到烘箱中，在大气下于180-600℃进行热固化10-60min，即获得红外辐射涂层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬的制备方法，其特征在于：低热导隔热层的制备方法如下：按比例取组成低热导隔热层的各原料和原料总质量5-20％的水在混料装置内和料，一次和料质量控制在100-200kg，和料速度不大于150M/s，混料时间不少于20分钟；混料后在30分钟内完成浆料在红外辐射涂层外的浇筑，浇筑过程风管中部固定不锈钢芯棒，浆料固化温度为室温，气氛为大气，时间为24-48h；固化后对低热导隔热层进行非接触式烘烤，烘烤时间为12-24h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的高抗裂低导热陶瓷基复合材料内衬的制备方法，其特征在于：抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层的制备方法如下：按比例取组成抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层的原料，在空气常温下球磨混合为均匀的浆料，用压缩空气将喷枪中的浆料均匀喷涂到低热导隔热层的表面，然后迅速用氧-乙炔焰在该涂层表面进行快扫干燥固化，得到结构致密、表面光洁且与低热导隔热层紧密粘结为一体的抗开裂耐冲刷侵蚀隔热层。
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