CN114713928B - Connection method of special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube with segmented fins - Google Patents

Connection method of special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube with segmented fins Download PDF

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CN114713928B
CN114713928B CN202210206872.8A CN202210206872A CN114713928B CN 114713928 B CN114713928 B CN 114713928B CN 202210206872 A CN202210206872 A CN 202210206872A CN 114713928 B CN114713928 B CN 114713928B
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CN114713928A (en
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肖逸锋
张汭
吴靓
张乾坤
郭景平
刘茂
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Xiangtan University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/008Soldering within a furnace
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B23K1/206Cleaning
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for connecting a special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube with segmented fins. The invention belongs to the field of connection of carbon/carbon composite materials and metal materials, and aims to solve the problems of material deformation and joint cracking caused by overlarge residual stress in connection of long tubular metal and special-shaped carbon/carbon composite tubes. The invention carries out sectional pretreatment on the fins of the special-shaped carbon/carbon composite tube, and then adopts a vacuum brazing method to realize the brazing connection of the special-shaped carbon/carbon radiating tube with the fins and the metal long tube, the obtained composite radiating long tube joint is fully connected, the radiating carbon/carbon special-shaped tube matrix and the radiating fins have no deformation and cracking, and the connection strength can reach more than 20MPa. The process method provided by the invention has the advantages of easiness in operation, low cost, safety and reliability, and is particularly suitable for connecting long tubular brazing special pipes.

Description

一种翅片分段的异型碳/碳与金属复合散热长管的连接方法A connection method for segmented finned carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tubes

技术领域technical field

本发明属于异型复合材料件与金属长管的连接技术,涉及一种翅片分段的异型碳/碳与金属复合散热长管的连接方法。The invention belongs to the connection technology of special-shaped composite material parts and metal long pipes, and relates to a connection method of finned segmented special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long pipes.

背景技术Background technique

随着国防及航空航天领域与核能领域的不断结合与发展,空间核反应堆电源在大功率地球轨道卫星、无人深空探测器、载人深空探测以及月球行星基地供电等方面有着突出表现。其部件热管式辐射器可将大量由于核电源热电转换效率较低产生的废热排放至宇宙空间。热管式辐射器换传热单元由热管及翅片和其他相关涂层组成。随着材料科学的飞速发展,碳纤维增强碳(碳/碳)复合材料因其低密度、高导热性、高强度和耐烧蚀等特性,有效减小构件重量、提高换热效率,取代铜成为翅片材料的不二选择。With the continuous combination and development of national defense and aerospace fields and nuclear energy fields, space nuclear reactor power supplies have outstanding performance in high-power earth orbit satellites, unmanned deep space probes, manned deep space exploration, and power supply for lunar planetary bases. Its component heat pipe radiator can discharge a large amount of waste heat due to the low thermoelectric conversion efficiency of nuclear power sources into space. The heat transfer unit of the heat pipe radiator is composed of heat pipes, fins and other related coatings. With the rapid development of material science, carbon fiber reinforced carbon (carbon/carbon) composite materials can effectively reduce the weight of components and improve heat transfer efficiency due to their low density, high thermal conductivity, high strength and ablation resistance. Excellent choice for fin material.

因此为实现碳/碳翅片和金属热管结构功能一体化的目的,通常要将碳/碳复合材料与金属连接形成复合构件使用。目前钎焊是最便捷可行的方法。然而,由于碳/碳复合材料与金属之间的高热膨胀系数失配(CTE碳/碳=0-2×10-6K-1)导致二者接头中存在高残余应力,严重削弱接头的力学性能。另一方面,钎焊领域中长管件的稳定连接一直是研究热点和难点,其间隙调控、工艺设置、装配及加压手段等均对接头的安全长效使用起重要作用。但实际操作时,长管焊接过程中产生的残余应力过大导致的复合件结构变形、破坏等问题难以解决。因此需要开发一种新型的方法,使得碳/碳散热异型管与金属长管连接获得致密接头且翅片无变形不开裂。Therefore, in order to realize the structural and functional integration of carbon/carbon fins and metal heat pipes, carbon/carbon composite materials are usually connected with metals to form composite components. Brazing is currently the most convenient and feasible method. However, due to the high thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between carbon/carbon composites and metals (CTE carbon/carbon = 0-2×10 -6 K -1 ), high residual stresses exist in the joints of the two, severely weakening the joint mechanics performance. On the other hand, the stable connection of long pipe fittings in the field of brazing has always been a research hotspot and difficulty, and its gap control, process setting, assembly and pressurization methods all play an important role in the safe and long-term use of the joint. However, in actual operation, it is difficult to solve problems such as structural deformation and damage of composite parts caused by excessive residual stress generated during the long pipe welding process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new method to connect the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube and the metal long tube to obtain a dense joint without deformation and cracking of the fins.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明要解决异型碳/碳复合材料与金属长管件连接时的大变形和易开裂问题,提供一种翅片分段的异型碳/碳与金属复合散热长管的连接方法。The invention aims to solve the problems of large deformation and easy cracking when special-shaped carbon/carbon composite materials are connected to metal long pipe fittings, and provides a connection method of finned segmented special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long pipes.

本发明使用的连接方法按照以下步骤实现:The connection method that the present invention uses realizes according to the following steps:

步骤1、碳/碳翅片加工:在保证碳/碳散热异型管基体不受损的情况下,对翅片进行3-5段开口分段处理,每段长150-200mm,两段之间开口宽度为0.5-2.5mm,开口深度为翅片边缘至碳/碳散热管基体根部1-2mm部位;Step 1. Carbon/carbon fin processing: In the case of ensuring that the base of the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube is not damaged, the fins are processed in 3-5 sections, each section is 150-200mm long, and the gap between the two sections is The opening width is 0.5-2.5mm, and the opening depth is 1-2mm from the edge of the fin to the root of the carbon/carbon heat pipe base;

步骤2、待焊表面处理:对碳/碳散热异型管内壁使用砂布进行机械打磨,对金属管外壁进行机械打磨处理,随后使用无水乙醇清洗,随后在真空干燥箱中烘干;Step 2. Surface treatment to be welded: Mechanically grind the inner wall of the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube with emery cloth, and mechanically grind the outer wall of the metal tube, then clean it with absolute ethanol, and then dry it in a vacuum drying oven;

步骤3、接头装配:将处理好的碳/碳散热异型管与金属长管进行组配,在两者之间填充钎料并固定,将装配好的接头平行送入管式炉中,并保证处于水平位置;Step 3. Joint assembly: Assemble the processed carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube with the metal long tube, fill and fix the solder between the two, and send the assembled joint into the tube furnace in parallel, and ensure that in a horizontal position;

步骤4、真空钎焊:钎焊的真空度不低于5×10-3Pa,并对金属管内壁施加2-5MPa压力;多平台升温过程:先以3-5℃/min的加热速率从室温升温至200-340℃保温30-60min,再以5-10℃/min的加热速率从室温升温至580-620℃保温10-15min,然后以5-10℃/min的速率升温至850-1100℃保温8-15min;多平台降温过程:以1-5℃/min的速率降温至920-950℃保温30-60min,以1-5℃/min的速率降温至820-850℃保温30-60min,以1-5℃/min的速率降温至720-750℃保温30-60min,以1-5℃/min的速率降温至620-650℃保温30-60min,以1-5℃/min的速率降温至520-550℃保温30-60min,最后随炉冷却至室温后得到所述的异型碳/碳与金属复合散热长管。Step 4. Vacuum brazing: the vacuum degree of brazing is not lower than 5×10 -3 Pa, and a pressure of 2-5 MPa is applied to the inner wall of the metal tube; the multi-platform heating process: firstly, the heating rate is 3-5°C/min from Raise the temperature from room temperature to 200-340°C for 30-60min, then raise the temperature from room temperature to 580-620°C at a heating rate of 5-10°C/min and keep it for 10-15min, then raise the temperature at a rate of 5-10°C/min to 850- 1100°C heat preservation for 8-15min; multi-platform cooling process: cooling at a rate of 1-5°C/min to 920-950°C for 30-60min, cooling at a rate of 1-5°C/min to 820-850°C for 30- 60min, cool down to 720-750°C at a rate of 1-5°C/min and keep warm for 30-60min, cool down to 620-650°C at a rate of 1-5°C/min and keep warm for 30-60min, at a rate of 1-5°C/min The temperature is lowered to 520-550° C. and kept for 30-60 minutes, and finally cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube.

步骤1中的碳/碳散热异型管长度为300-800mm。The length of the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube in step 1 is 300-800mm.

步骤3中的钎料为Ag-Cu-Ti、BNi-2、TiZrNiCu,钎料状态为箔片或膏体。The solder in step 3 is Ag-Cu-Ti, BNi-2, TiZrNiCu, and the solder state is foil or paste.

本发明所述的一种翅片分段的异型碳/碳与金属复合散热长管的连接方法主要包含以下有益效果:The connection method of a finned segmented special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long pipe according to the present invention mainly includes the following beneficial effects:

1、本发明采用的钎料能显著改善钎焊接头强度,可在实现碳/碳散热异型管与金属长管的连接,接头钎料填充充分,且能使接头工作在高温环境下,最终接头强度达到20MPa以上。1. The solder used in the present invention can significantly improve the strength of the brazed joint. It can realize the connection between the carbon/carbon heat-dissipating special-shaped tube and the metal long tube. The joint solder is fully filled, and the joint can work in a high temperature environment. The final joint The strength reaches above 20MPa.

2、本发明使用翅片分段的方法,可在不影响产品散热能力的基础上明显降低整体翅片中心部位的残余应力,避免长管钎焊过程中散热翅片发生的变形情况,提高产品使用性能。2. The method of segmenting the fins in the present invention can significantly reduce the residual stress at the central part of the overall fin without affecting the heat dissipation capacity of the product, avoid the deformation of the heat dissipation fins during the brazing process of the long tube, and improve the product quality. Use performance.

3、本发明通过使用的加压方式,有利于接头充分连接。3. The pressurization method used in the present invention is conducive to the full connection of the joints.

4、本发明在降温阶段中设置多段保温平台,释放高温阶段中产生的内应力,有利于缓解降温过程中由于复合材料与金属之间线膨胀系数差异过大引起的残余应力,达到长管焊接的目的。4. The present invention sets multi-stage heat preservation platforms in the cooling stage to release the internal stress generated in the high temperature stage, which is beneficial to relieve the residual stress caused by the excessive difference in linear expansion coefficient between the composite material and the metal in the cooling process, and achieve long pipe welding the goal of.

5、本发明使用的方法操作安全可靠,方便便捷,连接工艺高效快速,成本较低,可重复性强,所得产品整体美观,接头连接充分,强度稳定,适于工业应用。5. The method used in the present invention is safe and reliable in operation, convenient and convenient, efficient and fast in the connection process, low in cost, strong in repeatability, and the resulting product is overall beautiful, fully connected in joints, stable in strength, and suitable for industrial applications.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是翅片分段的碳/碳散热异型管与金属长管的连接示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube and the long metal tube with fins.

1是金属材料,2是钎料,3是碳/碳异型管,4是翅片分段处。1 is the metal material, 2 is the solder, 3 is the carbon/carbon special-shaped tube, and 4 is the segment of the fin.

具体实施方案specific implementation plan

下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

实施例1:Example 1:

步骤1、碳/碳翅片加工:选取碳/碳散热异型管长度为600mm;在保证碳/碳散热异型管基体不受损的情况下,对翅片进行4段开口分段处理,每段长150mm,两段之间开口宽度为0.5mm,开口深度为翅片边缘至碳/碳散热管基体根部2mm部位;Step 1. Carbon/carbon fin processing: select the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube with a length of 600mm; in the case of ensuring that the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped The length is 150mm, the opening width between the two sections is 0.5mm, and the opening depth is 2mm from the edge of the fin to the root of the carbon/carbon heat pipe base;

步骤2、待焊表面处理:对碳/碳散热异型管内壁使用砂布进行机械打磨,对金属管外壁进行机械打磨处理,随后使用无水乙醇清洗,随后在真空干燥箱中烘干;Step 2. Surface treatment to be welded: Mechanically grind the inner wall of the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube with emery cloth, and mechanically grind the outer wall of the metal tube, then clean it with absolute ethanol, and then dry it in a vacuum drying oven;

步骤3、接头装配:将处理好的碳/碳散热异型管与金属长管进行组配,在两者之间填充非晶BNi-2箔片钎料并固定,将装配好的接头平行送入管式炉中,并保证处于水平位置;Step 3. Joint assembly: Assemble the processed carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube and metal long tube, fill and fix the amorphous BNi-2 foil solder between the two, and send the assembled joint into the In the tube furnace, and ensure that it is in a horizontal position;

步骤4、真空钎焊:钎焊的真空度不低于5×10-3Pa,并对金属管内壁施加3MPa压力;多平台升温过程:先以5℃/min的加热速率从室温升温至280℃保温40min,再以5℃/min的加热速率从室温升温至600℃保温10min,然后以8℃/min的速率升温至1050℃保温8min;多平台降温过程:以2℃/min的速率降温至950℃保温40min,以2℃/min的速率降温至850℃保温40min,以2℃/min的速率降温至750℃保温40min,以2℃/min的速率降温至650℃保温60min,以2℃/min的速率降温至550℃保温60min,最后随炉冷却至室温后得到所述的异型碳/碳与金属复合散热长管。Step 4. Vacuum brazing: the vacuum degree of brazing is not lower than 5×10 -3 Pa, and a pressure of 3 MPa is applied to the inner wall of the metal tube; the multi-platform heating process: firstly, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 280 at a heating rate of 5°C/min. ℃ for 40 minutes, then heat up from room temperature to 600°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min for 10 minutes, then heat up to 1050°C at a rate of 8°C/min and hold for 8 minutes; multi-platform cooling process: cool down at a rate of 2°C/min Heat at 950°C for 40 minutes, cool to 850°C at a rate of 2°C/min and hold for 40 minutes, cool at a rate of 2°C/min to 750°C and hold for 40 minutes, cool at a rate of 2°C/min to 650°C and hold for 60 minutes, The temperature is lowered at a rate of ℃/min to 550 ℃ for 60 minutes, and finally cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube.

所获得异型连接件接头钎料填充充分,焊缝无开裂现象,碳/碳散热翅片无变形无开裂,经检测接头的平均室温剪切强度为20MPa。The joints of the obtained special-shaped connectors are fully filled with solder, the welds have no cracks, and the carbon/carbon heat dissipation fins have no deformation and no cracks. The average room temperature shear strength of the tested joints is 20 MPa.

以上所述只是对本发明的较佳实施方案,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施方式所做的任何简单修改,等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. All simple modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, equivalent changes and modifications, all belong to the technology of the present invention. within the scope of the program.

Claims (3)

1. The connection method of the special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube with the fins is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, processing a carbon/carbon fin: under the condition of ensuring that the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube matrix is not damaged, carrying out 3-5 sections of opening segmentation treatment on the fins, wherein the length of each section is 150-200mm, the opening width between the two sections is 0.5-2.5mm, and the opening depth is 1-2mm from the edge of the fin to the root of the carbon/carbon heat dissipation tube matrix;
step 2, surface treatment to be welded: mechanically polishing the inner wall of the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube by using abrasive cloth, mechanically polishing the outer wall of the metal tube, cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a vacuum drying oven;
step 3, joint assembly: assembling the treated carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube and the metal long tube, filling brazing filler metal between the two tubes and fixing the tubes, and feeding the assembled joint into a tube furnace in parallel and ensuring the joint to be in a horizontal position;
step 4, vacuum brazing: vacuum degree of brazing is not lower than 5×10 -3 Pa, and applying 2-5MPa pressure to the inner wall of the metal pipe; multi-platform heating process: firstly heating from room temperature to 200-340 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min for 30-60min, and then heating from room temperature to 580-620 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min for 10-15min, then heating to 850-1100 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8-15min; multi-platform cooling process: cooling to 920-950 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to 820-850 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to 720-750 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to 620-650 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-60min, cooling to 520-550 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, and finally cooling to room temperature along with a furnace to obtain the special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube.
2. The method for connecting a fin-segmented special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube according to claim 1, wherein the length of the carbon/carbon heat dissipation special-shaped tube in the step 1 is 300-800mm.
3. The method for connecting the fin segmented special-shaped carbon/carbon and metal composite heat dissipation long tube according to claim 1, wherein the brazing filler metal in the step 3 is Ag-Cu-Ti, BNi-2 or TiZrNiCu, and the brazing filler metal is foil or paste.
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