CN108274086A - A kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material - Google Patents

A kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material Download PDF

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CN108274086A
CN108274086A CN201810068104.4A CN201810068104A CN108274086A CN 108274086 A CN108274086 A CN 108274086A CN 201810068104 A CN201810068104 A CN 201810068104A CN 108274086 A CN108274086 A CN 108274086A
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protective atmosphere
composite
temperature
fiber reinforced
high temperature
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CN108274086B (en
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曹健
贺宗晶
李淳
董士博
亓钧雷
冯吉才
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/008Soldering within a furnace
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/19Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material, it is related to a kind of method of soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material.The present invention is to solve current CfThe technical issues of poor mechanical property of the high temperature brazing of/C composite.The present invention:One, eutectic Ti Si brazing filler metals are prepared;Two, solder piece is prepared;Three, C is preparedfThe infiltration layer of/C composite;Four, CfThe soldering of/C composite.The present invention using 14Ti 86Si eutectic solders high temperature realize carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material without pressure soldering connection, two step method for brazing are effectively improved CfThe quality of connection of/C composite.The present invention is applied to welding field.

Description

A kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material.
Background technology
With the fast development of science and technology, the requirement to spacecraft heat structure and thermally protective materials is increasingly stringent both at home and abroad. Carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material (Cf/ C composite) because with density is low, specific strength is high, coefficient of thermal expansion is low, high temperature resistant The features such as function admirable, anti-yaw damper are had excellent performance has a wide range of applications in aerospace field, and the developed countries such as America and Europe have incited somebody to action Various types of spacecrafts, solid propellant rocket superhigh temperature component use CfIt is prepared by/C composite.It is special in order to meet Service Environment, there is an urgent need to prepare the large scale C of complicated shapef/ C composite component, but it is constrained to precast body establishment Technology and CVI techniques, it is difficult to directly prepare large complicated C with low costf/ C composite component.In general, feasible method It is exactly the C of secondary connection simple shapef/ C composite obtains required component.
Related CfThe connection of/C composite, including the sintering of vacuum heating-press sintering, electric field-assisted, Transient liquid phase connection, pricker Weldering, diffusion welding (DW) and self-propagating reaction etc..Compared to other connection methods, the soldering reaction time is short, it is small to apply pressure to base material, and The coefficient of thermal expansion of connecting material is controllable, becomes CfThe common connection method of/C composite.In existing report, Ag-Cu, The solders such as Ag-Cu-Ti, Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu realize CfThe middle low temperature brazing of/C composite connects, and right Actually rare in the development of high temperature brazing connection, only TiSi is respectively adopted in Dadras and Salvo et al.2Having been obtained with Si pieces can The connector leaned on.Ti-Si based materials have been realized in CfThe methods of vacuum heating-press sintering and electric field-assisted sintering of/C composite Connection, titanium is good to the wetability of carbon, silicon, carbon reaction generate silicon carbide and Cf/ C composite coefficient of thermal expansion is close, Ti-Si based material high temperature conjunctions Cf/ C composite can obtain the good connector of welding quality.Therefore, using titanium silicon systems solder Exploitation is suitble to CfThe method of/C composite high temperature brazing connection is very necessary.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve current CfThe technical issues of poor mechanical property of the high temperature brazing of/C composite, and carry A kind of method for being brazed carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material for two-step method high temperature.
The method of the two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:
One, eutectic Ti-Si brazing filler metals are prepared:Grinding process scale removal is carried out to Ti pieces surface, then will go deoxygenation The Ti pieces and Si blocks for changing skin are placed in copper pot, using vacuum arc melting equipment melt back 5 times~7 times, under vacuum Cooled to room temperature obtains 14Ti-86Si solders;The Ti pieces of the scale removal and the atomic percentage content ratio of Si blocks It is 7:43;
Two, solder piece is prepared:14Ti-86Si solders prepared by step 1 are cut by sheet using linear cutting equipment, into Row grinding process scale removal is subsequently placed in ultrasonic cleaning 5min~10min in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying obtains 14Ti- 86Si solder pieces;
Three, C is preparedfThe infiltration layer of/C composite:By C to be weldedfIt is clear that/C composite is placed in ultrasonic wave in absolute ethyl alcohol 5min~10min is washed, dries up, 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2 is fixed on by C to be welded using organic binderf/ On the welding surface of C composite;C to be welded is fixed with graphite jigf/ C composite is placed in vacuum brazing furnace or atmosphere furnace In, 300 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under vacuum or protective atmosphere, under vacuum or protective atmosphere and temperature 10min~30min is kept the temperature under conditions of being 300 DEG C, is warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under vacuum or protective atmosphere 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, 10min is kept the temperature under vacuum or protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, true 300 DEG C are cooled to 5 DEG C/min under empty or protective atmosphere, then room temperature is cooled to the furnace under vacuum or protective atmosphere, obtains Welding surface has the C of infiltration layerf/ C composite;
Four, CfThe soldering of/C composite:There is the C of infiltration layer with two step 3 welding surfacesfThe conduct of/C composite Base material is assembled into Sanming City between 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2 are fixed on two base materials using organic binder Control structure;The base material that sandwich structure is fixed with graphite jig is placed in vacuum brazing furnace or atmosphere furnace, in vacuum or protection gas 300 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under atmosphere, is protected under vacuum or protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 300 DEG C Warm 10min~30min is warming up to 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, true under vacuum or protective atmosphere with 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min 5min~120min is kept the temperature under conditions of being 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C with temperature under empty or protective atmosphere, in vacuum or protective atmosphere Under with 5 DEG C/min be cooled to 300 DEG C, then cool to room temperature with the furnace under vacuum or protective atmosphere, complete Cf/ C composite Entire brazing process.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention realizes carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite wood using 14Ti-86Si eutectic solders at 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C Expect (Cf/ C composite) without pressure soldering connection, solve existing Cf/ C composite lacks asking for high temperature brazing interconnection technique Topic, has expanded Cf/ C composite cannot connect complicated C so as to avoid diffusion welding (DW) in the application of high-temperature fieldf/ C composite woods Expect component and vacuum heating-press sintering to Cf/ C composite causes the problem of damage.Two step method for brazing are effectively improved Cf/C (connector room temperature intensity is 20.5MPa~40.8MPa to the quality of connection of composite material, and connector measures under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions High temperature shearing strength be 49.2MPa), on the one hand the preparation of infiltration layer realizes CfThe alloying on/C composite surface, one Aspect is to Cf/ C base materials play the role of sealing pores, prevent solder to be excessively infiltrated up under capillary action in base material so as to cause Connection failure.
Description of the drawings
The C of soldering is completed in the step of Fig. 1 is experiment one fourfThe entire lead solder joint microstructure photo of/C composite;
The C of soldering is completed in the step of Fig. 2 is experiment one fourfThe object of the entire soldered fitting shear fracture of/C composite Facies analysis figure.
Specific implementation mode
Specific implementation mode one:Present embodiment is that a kind of two-step method high temperature is brazed carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material Method specifically carries out according to the following steps:
One, eutectic Ti-Si brazing filler metals are prepared:Grinding process scale removal is carried out to Ti pieces surface, then will go deoxygenation The Ti pieces and Si blocks for changing skin are placed in copper pot, using vacuum arc melting equipment melt back 5 times~7 times, under vacuum Cooled to room temperature obtains 14Ti-86Si solders;The Ti pieces of the scale removal and the atomic percentage content ratio of Si blocks It is 7:43;
Two, solder piece is prepared:14Ti-86Si solders prepared by step 1 are cut by sheet using linear cutting equipment, into Row grinding process scale removal is subsequently placed in ultrasonic cleaning 5min~10min in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying obtains 14Ti- 86Si solder pieces;
Three, C is preparedfThe infiltration layer of/C composite:By C to be weldedfIt is clear that/C composite is placed in ultrasonic wave in absolute ethyl alcohol 5min~10min is washed, dries up, 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2 is fixed on by C to be welded using organic binderf/ On the welding surface of C composite;C to be welded is fixed with graphite jigf/ C composite is placed in vacuum brazing furnace or atmosphere furnace In, 300 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under vacuum or protective atmosphere, under vacuum or protective atmosphere and temperature 10min~30min is kept the temperature under conditions of being 300 DEG C, is warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under vacuum or protective atmosphere 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, 10min is kept the temperature under vacuum or protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, true 300 DEG C are cooled to 5 DEG C/min under empty or protective atmosphere, then room temperature is cooled to the furnace under vacuum or protective atmosphere, obtains Welding surface has the C of infiltration layerf/ C composite;
Four, CfThe soldering of/C composite:There is the C of infiltration layer with two step 3 welding surfacesfThe conduct of/C composite Base material is assembled into Sanming City between 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2 are fixed on two base materials using organic binder Control structure;The base material that sandwich structure is fixed with graphite jig is placed in vacuum brazing furnace or atmosphere furnace, in vacuum or protection gas 300 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under atmosphere, is protected under vacuum or protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 300 DEG C Warm 10min~30min is warming up to 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, true under vacuum or protective atmosphere with 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min 5min~120min is kept the temperature under conditions of being 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C with temperature under empty or protective atmosphere, in vacuum or protective atmosphere Under with 5 DEG C/min be cooled to 300 DEG C, then cool to room temperature with the furnace under vacuum or protective atmosphere, complete Cf/ C composite Entire brazing process.
Specific implementation mode two:The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:It is organic described in step 3 Binder is 101 glue.Other are same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific implementation mode three:The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that:Described in step 3 Organic binder is 502 glue.Other are the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific implementation mode four:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to three:Institute in step 4 The organic binder stated is 101 glue.Other are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to three.
Specific implementation mode five:Unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to four:Institute in step 4 The organic binder stated is 502 glue.Other are identical as one of specific implementation mode one to four.
The present invention is verified with following tests:
Experiment one:This experiment is a kind of method that two-step method high temperature is brazed carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material, specifically It carries out according to the following steps:
One, eutectic Ti-Si brazing filler metals are prepared:Grinding process scale removal is carried out to Ti pieces surface, then will go deoxygenation The Ti pieces and Si blocks for changing skin are placed in copper pot, using vacuum arc melting equipment melt back 5 times~7 times, under vacuum Cooled to room temperature obtains 14Ti-86Si solders;The Ti pieces of the scale removal and the atomic percentage content ratio of Si blocks It is 7:43;
Two, solder piece is prepared:14Ti-86Si solders prepared by step 1 are cut by sheet using linear cutting equipment, into Row grinding process scale removal is subsequently placed in ultrasonic cleaning 10min in absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying obtains 14Ti-86Si solders Piece;
Three, C is preparedfThe infiltration layer of/C composite:By C to be weldedfIt is clear that/C composite is placed in ultrasonic wave in absolute ethyl alcohol 10min is washed, dries up, 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2 is fixed on by C to be welded using organic binderf/ C is compound On the welding surface of material;C to be welded is fixed with graphite jigf/ C composite, is placed in atmosphere furnace, under protective atmosphere with 10 DEG C/min is warming up to 300 DEG C, under protective atmosphere and temperature be 300 DEG C under conditions of keep the temperature 30min, under protective atmosphere with 10 DEG C/min is warming up to 1380 DEG C, 10min is kept the temperature under protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 1380 DEG C, under protective atmosphere 300 DEG C are cooled to 5 DEG C/min, then cools to room temperature with the furnace under protective atmosphere, obtaining welding surface has infiltration layer Cf/ C composite;
Four, CfThe soldering of/C composite:There is the C of infiltration layer with two step 3 welding surfacesfThe conduct of/C composite Base material is assembled into Sanming City between 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2 are fixed on two base materials using organic binder Control structure;The base material that sandwich structure is fixed with graphite jig, is placed in atmosphere furnace, is heated up with 10 DEG C/min under protective atmosphere To 300 DEG C, 30min is kept the temperature under protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 300 DEG C, is heated up with 10 DEG C/min under protective atmosphere To 1400 DEG C, 5min is kept the temperature under protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 1400 DEG C, is cooled down with 5 DEG C/min under protective atmosphere To 300 DEG C, room temperature is then cooled to the furnace under protective atmosphere, complete CfThe entire brazing process of/C composite.
Its joint performance is evaluated using compression shear strength, obtained connector room temperature intensity is 20.5MPa.
Experiment two:This experiment is unlike experiment one:The item for being 1400 DEG C with temperature under protective atmosphere in step 4 10min is kept the temperature under part.Other are identical as experiment one.
Its joint performance is evaluated using compression shear strength, obtained connector room temperature intensity is 25.4MPa.
Experiment three:This experiment is unlike experiment one:The item for being 1400 DEG C with temperature under protective atmosphere in step 4 20min is kept the temperature under part.Other are identical as experiment one.
Its joint performance is evaluated using compression shear strength, obtained connector room temperature intensity is 26.7MPa.
Experiment four:This experiment is unlike experiment one:The item for being 1400 DEG C with temperature under protective atmosphere in step 4 40min is kept the temperature under part.Other are identical as experiment one.
Its joint performance is evaluated using compression shear strength, obtained connector room temperature intensity is 30.7MPa.
Experiment five:This experiment is unlike experiment one:The item for being 1400 DEG C with temperature under protective atmosphere in step 4 60min is kept the temperature under part.Other are identical as experiment one.
Its joint performance is evaluated using compression shear strength, obtained connector room temperature intensity is 32.6MPa.
Experiment six:This experiment is unlike experiment one:The item for being 1400 DEG C with temperature under protective atmosphere in step 4 90min is kept the temperature under part.Other are identical as experiment one.
Its joint performance is evaluated using compression shear strength, obtained connector room temperature intensity is 40.8MPa, and connector is 1200 The high temperature shearing strength measured under DEG C vacuum condition is 49.2MPa, the intensity obtained when higher than room temperature.
Experiment seven:This experiment is unlike experiment one:The item for being 1400 DEG C with temperature under protective atmosphere in step 4 120min is kept the temperature under part.Other are identical as experiment one.
Its joint performance is evaluated using compression shear strength, obtained connector room temperature intensity is 26.1MPa.
The C of soldering is completed in the step of Fig. 1 is experiment one fourfThe entire lead solder joint microstructure photo of/C composite, area Domain A is base material Cf/ C composite, region B are weld seam, and as can be seen from the figure soldered fitting quality is good, and has solder leaching It is seeped into CfIn the hole of/C composite, butt joint connection is played the role of advantageous " pinning ".In conjunction with the energy spectrum analysis in table 1, It can be seen that brazed seam center is by eutectic structure TiSi2Mutually constituted with Si matrixes, generated between solder and base material one layer it is fine and close SiC conversion zones.
Table 1 is the EDS analytical datas of C, D and E point in Fig. 1.
Table 1
The C of soldering is completed in the step of Fig. 2 is experiment one fourfThe object of the entire soldered fitting shear fracture of/C composite Facies analysis figure, ● it is C, ☆ SiC, ◇ Si, ▽ TiSi2, as seen from the figure, section is by C, TiSi2, Si and SiC object phase structures At, illustrate connector when bearing shear-type load, crackle pass through Cf/ C matrix, reaction interface and brazed seam center, this also demonstrates table 1 In material phase analysis.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material, it is characterised in that two-step method high temperature is brazed The method of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material carries out according to the following steps:
One, eutectic Ti-Si brazing filler metals are prepared:Grinding process scale removal is carried out to Ti pieces surface, then by scale removal Ti pieces and Si blocks be placed in copper pot, it is natural under vacuum using vacuum arc melting equipment melt back 5 times~7 times It is cooled to room temperature, obtains 14Ti-86Si solders;The Ti pieces of the scale removal and the atomic percentage content ratio of Si blocks are 7: 43;
Two, solder piece is prepared:14Ti-86Si solders prepared by step 1 are cut by sheet using linear cutting equipment, are beaten Mill processing scale removal, is subsequently placed in ultrasonic cleaning 5min~10min in absolute ethyl alcohol, dries up, obtain 14Ti-86Si prickers Tablet;
Three, C is preparedfThe infiltration layer of/C composite:By C to be weldedf/ C composite is placed in ultrasonic cleaning in absolute ethyl alcohol 5min~10min, drying, C to be welded is fixed on using organic binder by 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2f/C On the welding surface of composite material;C to be welded is fixed with graphite jigf/ C composite is placed in vacuum brazing furnace or atmosphere furnace In, 300 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under vacuum or protective atmosphere, under vacuum or protective atmosphere and temperature 10min~30min is kept the temperature under conditions of being 300 DEG C, is warming up to 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min under vacuum or protective atmosphere 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, 10min is kept the temperature under vacuum or protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, true 300 DEG C are cooled to 5 DEG C/min under empty or protective atmosphere, then room temperature is cooled to the furnace under vacuum or protective atmosphere, obtains Welding surface has the C of infiltration layerf/ C composite;
Four, CfThe soldering of/C composite:There is the C of infiltration layer with two step 3 welding surfacesf/ C composite is as female Material is assembled into sandwich between 14Ti-86Si solder pieces prepared by step 2 are fixed on two base materials using organic binder Structure;The base material that sandwich structure is fixed with graphite jig is placed in vacuum brazing furnace or atmosphere furnace, in vacuum or protective atmosphere Under with 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min be warming up to 300 DEG C, kept the temperature under vacuum or protective atmosphere and under conditions of temperature is 300 DEG C 10min~30min is warming up to 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C, in vacuum under vacuum or protective atmosphere with 5 DEG C/min~10 DEG C/min Or under protective atmosphere and temperature be 1380 DEG C~1440 DEG C under conditions of keep the temperature 5min~120min, under vacuum or protective atmosphere 300 DEG C are cooled to 5 DEG C/min, then cools to room temperature with the furnace under vacuum or protective atmosphere, completes Cf/ C composite Entire brazing process.
2. a kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material according to claim 1, special Sign is that the organic binder described in step 3 is 101 glue.
3. a kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material according to claim 1, special Sign is that the organic binder described in step 3 is 502 glue.
4. a kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material according to claim 1, special Sign is that the organic binder described in step 4 is 101 glue.
5. a kind of method of two-step method high temperature soldering carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material according to claim 1, special Sign is that the organic binder described in step 4 is 502 glue.
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CN115365595A (en) * 2022-09-30 2022-11-22 成都和鸿科技股份有限公司 Brazing method for duplex guide vane

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110026634A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-07-19 哈尔滨工业大学 A method of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material is brazed using Si-Zr high-temp solder
CN110788511A (en) * 2019-11-27 2020-02-14 中国航空制造技术研究院 Preparation method of low-cost large-size fiber reinforced titanium-based composite material
CN110788511B (en) * 2019-11-27 2022-01-21 中国航空制造技术研究院 Preparation method of low-cost large-size fiber reinforced titanium-based composite material
CN115194275A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-10-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for brazing dissimilar metals of titanium alloy and nickel-based superalloy
CN115365595A (en) * 2022-09-30 2022-11-22 成都和鸿科技股份有限公司 Brazing method for duplex guide vane

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