CN114713796B - Hot-rolled powder high-speed steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hot-rolled powder high-speed steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001145 Ferrotungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001349 ledeburite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001540 jet deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009703 powder rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0844—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid in controlled atmosphere
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses hot-rolled powder high-speed steel, which is characterized in that the chemical components of the hot-rolled powder high-speed steel and the mass percentage of the components are ：C：1.0-1.4％、Si:0.15-0.40％、Mn:0.3-0.7％、B：0.45-0.85％、W：5.0-5.7％、Mo：3.5-4.3％、Cr:4.3-4.8％、V:3.2-3.6％、Ce:0.1-0.3％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.015％,, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities. And discloses a preparation method of hot-rolled powder high-speed steel. The hot-rolled powder high-speed steel adopts rare earth modification and simultaneously adds a proper amount of boron, so that more boride hard phases are formed in the alloy, the addition of noble metals such as tungsten and molybdenum can be reduced, resources are saved, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the material can obtain good hardness and wear resistance. In addition, the powder high-speed steel material produced by adopting the hot rolling method has the advantages of high production efficiency, multiple production specifications, large-scale production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal composite materials and metallurgy, in particular to hot-rolled powder high-speed steel and a preparation method of the hot-rolled powder high-speed steel.
Background
The powder high-speed steel is fine high-speed steel powder obtained by atomizing high-speed molten steel with high-pressure inert gas or high-pressure water, then press-forming at high temperature and high pressure, and then sintering. The powder metallurgy high-speed steel has the characteristics of high alloy content, high purity, no segregation, tiny carbide particles, isotropy and the like, thus having excellent toughness and machinability, good red hardness, higher compressive strength and high wear resistance, being capable of replacing hard alloy in cutting machining with large impact load and die abrasion occasions, and being widely applied.
High-speed steel is generally added with a large amount of W, mo, cr, co, V and other elements to form high-carbon and high-alloy steel. Carbon in the high-speed steel and W, mo, cr, V and the like form carbide, so that the steel can obtain good red hardness and wear resistance. When the high-speed steel is cast and produced, because the cooling speed is high, the balance structure of ledeburite, pearlite and carbide cannot be obtained, the cast structure and chemical components of the high-speed steel are extremely uneven, and particularly the fishbone-shaped eutectic ledeburite at the grain boundary has high hardness and high brittleness. This inhomogeneity of the as-cast structure cannot be altered by heat treatment and coarse eutectic carbides can only be broken up by hot press working (forging or rolling). During forging and rolling, as the deformation degree increases, the crushed carbide particles are distributed in a strip shape along the deformation direction or are in a deformed network, and are particularly accumulated at the primary austenite grain boundary. The distribution of carbides after forging and rolling generally remains non-uniform. This uneven distribution of carbides significantly reduces the strength and toughness of the high speed steel blade or steel, exhibits anisotropy in mechanical properties, and affects the wear resistance and red hardness of the steel.
The powder metallurgy technology solves the problems of coarse primary carbide, serious segregation of tissue and the like in the traditional high-speed steel smelting process, and improves the tissue and greatly improves the service performance. The powder high-speed steel has the advantages of no component segregation, fine grains, fine carbide, small heat treatment deformation, uniform hardness, good toughness and wear resistance and the like, and is widely used for manufacturing cutting tools of difficult-to-process materials. The existing preparation process of the powder metallurgy high-speed steel mainly adopts sintering processes such as cold pressing sintering, powder injection sintering, hot isostatic pressing, jet deposition, spark plasma sintering and the like. The process has low production efficiency and is difficult to produce large-specification products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing hot-rolled powder high-speed steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the powder rolling technology is utilized to compress high-speed steel powder, vacuum packaging is carried out, and then high-temperature heating rolling is carried out, so that the production efficiency is high, and powder alloy materials with large specification and size can be produced. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides hot rolled powder high-speed steel, which has the following technical scheme:
The invention relates to hot-rolled powder high-speed steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass as ：C：1.0-1.4％、Si:0.15-0.40％、Mn:0.3-0.7％、B：0.45-0.85％、W：5.0-5.7％、Mo：3.5-4.3％、Cr:4.3-4.8％、V:3.2-3.6％、Ce:0.1-0.3％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.015％, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. Wherein P, S is an impurity in the components, and the purity of molten steel is improved by controlling the content of P, S to be 0.015% or less. The rare earth Ce and the trace element B are added into the hot rolled powder high-speed steel component, and the addition of the rare earth Ce can remove impurities, so that molten steel is purer, the effect of refining grains can be achieved, and the toughness of the material is improved; the addition of the trace element B can form a large amount of boride hard phases in the alloy, so that the hardness of the material is improved, and meanwhile, the hardenability of the alloy can be improved, and the hardness of a matrix is improved.
Further, the hot-rolled powder high-speed steel consists of the following chemical components in percentage by mass ：C：1.15-1.25％、Si:0.25-0.30％、Mn:0.4-0.5％、B：0.55-0.65％、W：5.3-5.5％、Mo：3.8-4.1％、Cr:4.5-4.6％、V:3.35-3.45％、Ce:0.15-0.25％、P≤0.010％、S≤0.012％, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The invention relates to a preparation method of hot rolled powder high-speed steel, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1, electric furnace smelting: putting scrap steel into an induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum and ferrochromium alloy when the smelting is started, deoxidizing aluminum after the scrap steel is completely melted, adding ferrovanadium, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese alloy for alloying, finally adding rare earth alloy, and keeping the temperature of molten steel at 1530-1580 ℃ after the components are uniformly regulated;
Step S2, vacuum atomization powder preparation: directly carrying out vacuum atomization treatment on molten steel during tapping from the furnace, wherein nitrogen is adopted for atomization, and the gas pressure of an atomization nozzle is 3MPa-6MPa, so that high-speed steel powder is prepared;
Step S3, powder sheathing and packaging: loading high-speed steel powder into a sheath, covering an upper end cover plate, putting the whole sheath into pressure equipment, pressing for 30-90 min, and compacting the high-speed steel powder under the unit pressure of 10-100 MPa; then exhausting air in the sheath and part of gas in the high-speed steel powder to ensure that the vacuum degree in the sheath is more than or equal to 100Pa, and finally welding and sealing the sheath end cover by an electron beam welding machine; wherein the vacuum degree in the sheath is more than or equal to 100Pa, namely 100Pa, 90Pa, 80Pa, 70Pa, 60Pa, 50Pa and the like.
Step S4, hot rolling: heating the high-speed steel blank of the sheath powder to 1100-1200 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, and then hot-rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1050-1110 ℃, the final rolling temperature is more than 920 ℃, and the total rolling reduction of hot rolling is more than 75%;
step S5, heat treatment: the quenching process comprises the following steps of: placing the powder high-speed steel coil or powder high-speed steel plate into a quenching furnace, heating to the quenching temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, discharging oil, quenching in a cold way, and cooling to room temperature; the tempering process comprises the following steps: placing the quenched powder high-speed steel coil or powder high-speed steel plate in a heating furnace for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering temperature is 560-600 ℃, and the tempering treatment is carried out for 2-4 times;
step S6, stripping the sheath: and cutting off the left and right sides and the sleeves at the head and tail ends of the powder high-speed steel coil or the powder high-speed steel plate after heat treatment by adopting a mechanical method, and stripping the sleeves at the upper and lower sides from the powder high-speed steel by adopting a mechanical method to obtain a powder high-speed steel finished product.
The preparation method of the hot-rolled powder high-speed steel has the following effects: firstly, the process can be used for producing high-speed steel powder with high purity, less impurities and high sphericity rate, and is the basis for producing high-quality powder high-speed steel materials; secondly, compacting and packaging the powder in a sheath by adopting a vacuum packaging process, and rolling the powder into a powder high-speed steel plate by adopting a hot rolling process after heating, so that the powder high-speed steel plate has the advantages of high production efficiency, low cost, capability of producing large-size products and the like; thirdly, the optimal performance of the powder high-speed steel can be obtained after heat treatment; fourthly, after the head, the tail and the two side parts are cut off, the sheathing materials on the upper surface and the lower surface of the plate/coiled material are peeled off, and then the powder high-speed steel material with single material can be obtained.
Further, in step S2, parameters of the high-speed steel powder obtained by atomization powder preparation are as follows: the powder sphericity is more than 90%, the oxygen content of the powder is less than 200ppm, and the mass percentage of the atomized powder below 100 μm is more than 90%.
In the step S3, a steel plate with better plasticity and toughness is selected as the sheath, and the thickness of the steel plate of the sheath is 1mm-10mm; the sheath is reserved with a side gap or an end gap for filling high-speed steel powder.
Further, in the step S3, a separating agent is coated on two large surfaces of the steel plate, which are contacted with high-speed steel powder, wherein the separating agent is silicate paint or oxidized metal powder paint, and the coating thickness is 0.2mm-1.0mm.
Further, in step S4, the 3 passes before hot rolling are rolled with a large reduction, and the single pass reduction is more than 15%.
The hot-rolled powder high-speed steel and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
the hot-rolled powder high-speed steel adopts rare earth modification and simultaneously adds a proper amount of boron, so that more boride hard phases are formed in the alloy, the addition of noble metals such as tungsten and molybdenum can be reduced, resources are saved, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the material can obtain good hardness and wear resistance. In addition, the powder high-speed steel material produced by adopting the hot rolling method has the advantages of high production efficiency, multiple production specifications, large-scale production and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a hot rolled powder high speed steel according to the present invention at the time of manufacture;
FIG. 2 is a golden phase diagram of a hot rolled powder high speed steel according to the invention.
The figures are labeled as follows:
1-sheathing; 2-end cover plates; 3-release agent; 4-high speed steel powder.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention and to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The description of these embodiments is provided to assist understanding of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
The hot-rolled powder high-speed steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass, wherein the balance of the chemical components is ：C：1.0-1.4％、Si:0.15-0.40％、Mn:0.3-0.7％、B：0.45-0.85％、W：5.0-5.7％、Mo：3.5-4.3％、Cr:4.3-4.8％、V:3.2-3.6％、Ce:0.1-0.3％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.015％,, and Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the hot rolled powder high speed steel consists of the following chemical components in percentage by mass ：C：1.15-1.25％、Si:0.25-0.30％、Mn:0.4-0.5％、B：0.55-0.65％、W：5.3-5.5％、Mo：3.8-4.1％、Cr:4.5-4.6％、V:3.35-3.45％、Ce:0.15-0.25％、P≤0.010％、S≤0.012％, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for manufacturing hot rolled powder high speed steel according to the present embodiment includes the steps of:
Step S1, electric furnace smelting: putting scrap steel into an induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum and ferrochromium alloy when the smelting is started, deoxidizing aluminum after the scrap steel is completely melted, adding ferrovanadium, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese alloy for alloying, finally adding rare earth alloy, and keeping the temperature of molten steel at 1530-1580 ℃ after the components are uniformly regulated;
Step S2, vacuum atomization powder preparation: directly carrying out vacuum atomization treatment on molten steel during tapping from the furnace, wherein nitrogen is adopted for atomization, and the gas pressure of an atomization nozzle is 3MPa-6MPa, so that high-speed steel powder is prepared;
step S3, powder sheathing and packaging: loading high-speed steel powder into a sheath, covering an upper end cover plate, putting the whole sheath into pressure equipment, pressing for 30-90 min, and compacting the high-speed steel powder under the unit pressure of 10-100 MPa; then exhausting air in the sheath and part of gas in the high-speed steel powder to ensure that the vacuum degree in the sheath is more than or equal to 100Pa, and finally welding and sealing the sheath end cover by an electron beam welding machine;
Step S4, hot rolling: heating the high-speed steel blank of the sheath powder to 1100-1200 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, and then hot-rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1050-1110 ℃, the final rolling temperature is more than 920 ℃, and the total rolling reduction of hot rolling is more than 75%;
step S5, heat treatment: the quenching process comprises the following steps of: placing the powder high-speed steel coil or powder high-speed steel plate into a quenching furnace, heating to the quenching temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, discharging oil, quenching in a cold way, and cooling to room temperature; the tempering process comprises the following steps: placing the quenched powder high-speed steel coil or powder high-speed steel plate in a heating furnace for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering temperature is 560-600 ℃, and the tempering treatment is carried out for 2-4 times;
step S6, stripping the sheath: and cutting off the left and right sides and the sleeves at the head and tail ends of the powder high-speed steel coil or the powder high-speed steel plate after heat treatment by adopting a mechanical method, and stripping the sleeves at the upper and lower sides from the powder high-speed steel by adopting a mechanical method to obtain a powder high-speed steel finished product.
Preferably, in step S2, the parameters of the high-speed steel powder obtained by atomization milling are as follows: the powder sphericity is more than 90%, the oxygen content of the powder is less than 200ppm, and the mass percentage of the atomized powder below 100 μm is more than 90%. In the step S3, a steel plate with better plasticity and toughness is selected as the sheath, and the thickness of the steel plate is 1mm-10mm; the sheath is reserved with a side gap or an end gap for filling high-speed steel powder. In the step S3, the two large surfaces of the steel plate with the sheath, which are contacted with the high-speed steel powder, are coated with a release agent, wherein the release agent is silicate paint or oxidized metal powder paint, and the coating thickness is 0.2mm-1.0mm. In the step S4, 3 passes of rolling are required to be performed by adopting large reduction, and the single pass reduction is more than 15%.
Example III
The preparation method of the hot rolled powder high-speed steel comprises the following steps:
Firstly, smelting high-speed steel alloy, putting scrap steel into an induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum and ferrochromium alloy when smelting is started, deoxidizing the scrap steel by adopting aluminum after the scrap steel is completely molten, adding ferrovanadium, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese alloy for alloying, finally adding rare earth alloy, uniformly regulating the components, keeping the temperature of the molten steel at 1530-1580 ℃, and finishing smelting; the powder high-speed steel comprises ：1.2wt％C、0.28wt％Si、0.45wt％Mn、0.008wt％P、0.007wt％S、0.65wt％B、5.3wt％W、3.8wt％Mo、4.5wt％Cr、3.4wt％V、0.25％Ce, parts of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Secondly, preparing high-speed steel alloy powder, wherein molten steel is directly subjected to vacuum atomization treatment when tapping in a smelting furnace, nitrogen is adopted for atomization treatment, and the gas pressure of an atomization nozzle is 3.8MPa, so that high-speed steel powder is prepared; the powder sphericity is more than 90%, the oxygen content of the powder is less than 200ppm, and the mass percentage of the atomized powder below 100 μm is more than 90%.
Thirdly, preparing a sheath: and welding the sheath with a 4mm thick low-carbon steel plate, welding 5 surfaces, reserving an opening at the upper end surface for filling high-speed steel powder, and coating a spacer on two large surfaces of the sheath steel plate, which are in contact with the high-speed steel powder, wherein the spacer is silicate paint and is coated with the thickness of 0.8 mm.
Fourth, powder packing compaction: and (3) filling high-speed steel powder into a sheath, covering an upper end cover plate after the high-speed steel powder is filled, putting the high-speed steel powder into a pressure device, pressing the powder by the lower end cover plate of the pressure device under the unit pressure of 40MPa for 40min, and compacting the powder.
Fifth, vacuum packaging: and (3) transferring the cold-pressed powder box into vacuumizing equipment, vacuumizing to remove air in the box, and keeping the vacuum degree to be 10Pa. And then welding and sealing the end cover plate by using an electron beam welding machine.
Sixth, hot rolling: the vacuum-packaged high-speed steel material of the sheath powder is heated to 1100-1200 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 1h, hot rolling is carried out, the initial rolling temperature is 1060 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 940 ℃, the blank is hot rolled into a plate/coil with the thickness of 4mm, and the total rolling reduction of hot rolling is 92%.
Seventh, quenching: and (3) placing the powder high-speed steel plate/coil into a quenching furnace, heating to the quenching temperature of 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, discharging the steel plate/coil from the furnace, carrying out oil cooling quenching, and cooling to the room temperature.
Eighth, tempering: and placing the quenched material in a heating furnace for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering temperature is 580 ℃, and the tempering treatment is carried out for 2 times.
Ninth, head and tail cutting and edge cutting: the powder high-speed steel plate/coiled material after heat treatment is cut off the wrapping materials at the head and the tail and at the left and the right by shearing or sawing.
And tenth, mechanically stripping the sheath materials on the upper surface and the lower surface from the powder high-speed steel to finally obtain the powder high-speed steel finished product material.
Eleventh, the sample is subjected to performance detection, and the hardness of the finished product is 64-65 HRC, and the bending strength is 4800-4850 MPa.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The hot-rolled powder high-speed steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass ：C：1.15-1.25%、Si:0.25-0.30%、Mn:0.4-0.5%、B：0.55-0.65%、W：5.3-5.5%、Mo：3.8-4.1%、Cr:4.5-4.6%、V:3.35-3.45%、Ce:0.15-0.25%、P≤0.010%、S≤0.012%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the hot rolled powder high-speed steel is prepared by the following steps:
Step S1, electric furnace smelting: putting scrap steel into an induction furnace for smelting, adding ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum and ferrochromium alloy when the smelting is started, deoxidizing aluminum after the scrap steel is completely melted, adding ferrovanadium, ferrosilicon and ferromanganese alloy for alloying, finally adding rare earth alloy, and keeping the temperature of molten steel at 1530-1580 ℃ after the components are uniformly regulated;
Step S2, vacuum atomization powder preparation: directly carrying out vacuum atomization treatment on molten steel during tapping from the furnace, wherein nitrogen is adopted for atomization, the gas pressure of an atomization nozzle is 3MPa-6MPa, and high-speed steel powder is prepared, and parameters of the high-speed steel powder prepared by atomization powder preparation are as follows: the powder sphericity is more than 90%, the oxygen content of the powder is less than 200ppm, and the mass percentage content of atomized powder below 100 μm is more than 90%;
Step S3, powder sheathing and packaging: loading high-speed steel powder into a sheath, covering an upper end cover plate, putting the whole sheath into pressure equipment, pressing for 30-90 min, and compacting the high-speed steel powder under the unit pressure of 10-100 MPa; then exhausting air in the sheath and part of gas in the high-speed steel powder to ensure that the vacuum degree in the sheath is more than or equal to 100Pa, and finally welding and sealing the sheath end cover by using an electron beam welding machine, wherein the sheath is made of a steel plate with better plasticity and toughness, and the thickness of the steel plate of the sheath is 1mm-10mm; the jacket is reserved with a side gap or an end gap for filling high-speed steel powder, and the two large surfaces of the steel plate of the jacket, which are contacted with the high-speed steel powder, are coated with a spacer, wherein the spacer is silicate paint or oxidized metal powder paint, and the coating thickness is 0.2 mm-1.0 mm;
Step S4, hot rolling: heating the high-speed steel blank of the sheath powder to 1100-1200 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, and then hot-rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1050-1110 ℃, the final rolling temperature is more than 920 ℃, and the total rolling reduction of hot rolling is more than 75%, and 3 passes of rolling are required to be performed by adopting large rolling reduction before hot rolling, and the single pass rolling reduction is more than 15%;
step S5, heat treatment: the quenching process comprises the following steps of: placing the powder high-speed steel coil or powder high-speed steel plate into a quenching furnace, heating to the quenching temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, discharging oil, quenching in a cold way, and cooling to room temperature; the tempering process comprises the following steps: placing the quenched powder high-speed steel coil or powder high-speed steel plate in a heating furnace for tempering treatment, wherein the tempering temperature is 560-600 ℃, and the tempering treatment is carried out for 2-4 times;
step S6, stripping the sheath: and cutting off the left and right sides and the sleeves at the head and tail ends of the powder high-speed steel coil or the powder high-speed steel plate after heat treatment by adopting a mechanical method, and stripping the sleeves at the upper and lower sides from the powder high-speed steel by adopting a mechanical method to obtain a powder high-speed steel finished product.
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