CN101078090A - Low-alloy high speed steel roll material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-alloy high speed steel roll material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001145 Ferrotungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mo] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo] HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron niobium Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Nb] ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000723 Meehanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 13
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001349 ledeburite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGRWKWACZDFZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum tungsten Chemical compound [Mo].[W] MGRWKWACZDFZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
A kind of low alloy high speed steel roller material and the method to produce it. The chemical components of it is( weight percent): C: 1.2-1.8%, Cr: 4.5-6.5%, W: 1.0-3.0%, Mo: 1.0- 3.0%, V: 3.0-5.0%, Al: 0.6-1.2%, Si: 0.8-1.2%, N: 0.05-0.15 %, B: 0.04-0.12%, Nb: 0.05-0.20%, Ti: 0.06-0.18%, Y: 0.04- 0.15%, Mn<0.5%, P<0.04%, S<0.04%, the other is Fe, and the actual content of carbon of it is: 0.033W+0.063Mo+0.060Cr+0.200V+(0.08-0.20). It is made by smelting with electric cooker, the roller is molded by centrifugal complex cast or continuous complex cast, the roller will be quenched and tempered after it has been processed rudely, and the regulated size and accuracy will fulfilled after a fine machining at last. Less Tungsten and Molybdenum element are contained in the low alloy high speed steel roller material, and it does not contain the expensive Cobalt, the production cost of it is lower, and it own high red-hardness, obdurability and abrasion resistance. This patent can improve the productivity of the rolling mill, and prolong the life of roller, and decrease the cost of rolled metal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high-abrasive material technical field, relate to a kind of high speed steel material and manufacturing thereof that is used as roll, low-alloy high speed steel roll material and manufacture method thereof that particularly a kind of alloy content is few.
Background technology
Along with the progress of steel rolling technology, comprise the unremitting pursue of higher rolling efficiency, higher mill bar quality and lower rolling cost, make the roll manufacturing technology also tremendous development take place.Late 1980s, Japan has at first developed high-speed steel roll.Soon afterwards, European and American countries iron and steel enterprise also develops one after another and uses high-speed steel roll.High-speed steel roll has obtained widespread use abroad at present, not only is applied to cold hot-rolled sheet, hoop mill, and is applied to line, merchant bar mill, roughing mill, pipe-mill etc.In recent years, domestic Metallurgical Enterprise is also in succession from external introduction high-speed steel roll, and is successfully applied on the strip-mill strip.In addition, domestic also have how tame roll manufacturing enterprise to succeed in developing high-speed steel roll voluntarily, and be applied to be with on steel and the bar and shape mill.The chemical constitution that Japanese patent gazette JP6330235 discloses a kind of centrifugal casting quick-cutting steel roll material is as follows: C:1.4-2.6%, Si:0.2-1.5%, Mn＜1.5%, Cr:3-8%, (2Mo+W): 6-14%, V:4-8%, Ti:0.3-2.5%, surplus Fe.This roll material has excellent abrasive, but contains more alloying element, so the production cost height.U.S. Pat 6095957 also discloses a kind of high speed steel roll material, and its chemical ingredients (weight %) is: C:2.4～2.9, Cr:12.0～18.0, Mo:3.0～9.0, V:3.0～7.0, Nb:0.5～4.0, Si＜1.0, Mn＜1.0, W＜1.0.This roll material contains more alloying element equally, has higher production cost.
Chinese invention patent CN1264749 discloses a kind of high-speed antiwear cast steel, its concrete chemical ingredients (weight %) is as follows: C:1.8～4.2%, W:2～12%, Mo:3～12%, Cr:4～15%, Co:0～10%, V:2.5～10%, Nb:0.3～2.5%, Si:0.5～1.5%, Mn:0.3～0.8, Al:0.2～0.6%, N:0.02～0.10%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, all the other are Fe, this invention high-carbon, high vanadium, the chromium type high casting high speed steel, castability is good, wear-resisting and red hardness good, be applicable to large-scale wearing piece, composite roller operational layer.Chinese invention patent CN1807671 discloses continuous composite high speed steel roll formula, the technical recipe (weight %) of the outer body of roll of high-speed steel roll is: C:1.5～3.5, Cr:2.0～7.0, Mo:2.0～7.0, V:4.0～10.0, W:4.0～10.0, Co:0～10.0, Ni＜2.0, all the other are Fe.Adopt this prescription can develop W, V content height, segregation is light, wear resistance is good composite high-speed steel roller, satisfy the hot continuous rolling technology requirement.And above-mentioned these high-speed steel rolls exist valuable alloying element adding many equally, the deficiency that production cost is high.
Why rapid steel is widely used in hot roll production, is because it has high red hardness between 550 ℃～620 ℃, when high temperature wear, is difficult for softening.Its strengthening mechanism is mainly solution strengthening, precipitation strength, dispersion-strengthened.In order to make rapid steel obtain red hardness preferably, to add alloying elements such as a large amount of W, Mo, Cr, V usually, these alloying elements and carbon are solid-solubilized in the matrix, make lattice produce distortion, and dislocation is played pinning effect, promptly produce solution strengthening.In the drawing process after quenching, alloying element is separated out with the form of high hardness alloy carbide, and these precipitates are tiny, be distributed in the matrix to disperse, promptly produces precipitation strength and dispersion-strengthened.Owing to exist in the time of multiple strengthening mechanism, make rapid steel have very high obdurability, in industrial production, especially, obtained using widely making aspect hot roll and the high speed cutting instrument.In recent years, because the price amount of increase of alloys such as W, Mo is very big, the application and the development of high-speed steel roll have been limited to a certain extent.Therefore, from reducing cost, save the noble metal resource, save energy is set out, and with cheap alloying elements such as element substitution part W, Mo such as Al, Si, N and B, the low-alloy high-speed steel material of the type of developing the economy, will be a new direction of high-speed steel roll development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, a kind of low-alloy high speed steel roll material and manufacture method thereof are provided, this roll material elements such as Al, Si, N and B, substitute part W, Mo alloying element in the high-speed steel roll, reach the add-on that reduces valuable alloying element W, Mo in the high-speed steel roll, thereby realize reducing the target of roll production cost.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved by following measure:
A kind of low-alloy high speed steel roll material, the chemical ingredients and the weight percent thereof that it is characterized in that this roll material of making are: C:1.2%～1.8%, Cr:4.5%～6.5%, W:1.0%～3.0%, Mo:1.0%～3.0%, V:3.0%～5.0%, Al:0.6%～1.2%, Si:0.8%～1.2%, N:0.05%～0.15%, B:0.04%～0.12%, Nb:0.05%～0.20%, Ti:0.06%～0.18%, Y:0.04%～0.15%, Mn＜0.5%, P＜0.04%, S＜0.04%, surplus are Fe, and the summation of chemical ingredients is 100%.
The relative G.Steven formula of actual carbon content in the above-mentioned low-alloy high speed steel roll material (G.Steven, Trans A.S.M., 1964, the No.11) balance carbon of Ji Suaning (Cp) high approximately 0.08～0.20.
Low-alloy high speed steel roll material electrosmelting of the present invention, its manufacturing technology steps is:
1. with ordinary scrap steel, the pig iron, ferrochrome, ferrotungsten and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, the molten clear back of molten steel adds ferrosilicon and vanadium iron, adds metallic aluminium before coming out of the stove successively, contains nitrogenous ferrochrome, ferro-niobium and ferrotianium;
2. the stokehold is adjusted to branch and temperature is risen to 1580 ℃～1620 ℃ after qualified, then comes out of the stove;
3. Yttrium base rare earth and ferro-boron are crushed to the fritter of granularity less than 16mm, after oven dry below 200 ℃, place the casting ladle bottom, with the method that pours in the bag molten steel is carried out composite inoculating and handle;
4. adopt any one preparation high-speed steel roll of following two kinds of methods:
First method: make high-speed steel roll with the centrifugal composite casting method, roller core is selected spheroidal graphite cast iron or meehanite cast iron for use, 1440 ℃～1470 ℃ of pouring molten steel temperature;
Second method: make high-speed steel roll with continuous composite casting method, roller core is selected low-alloy cast steel for use or is forged carbon steel, 1420 ℃～1450 ℃ of pouring molten steel temperature.
5. the high-speed steel roll that above-mentioned either party's method is made, quench and temper through after the roughing, quenching temperature wherein: 1060～1150 ℃, soaking time: 4～10 hours, atomized water spray was cooled to roll surface temperature and is lower than 400 ℃ and carries out temper subsequently.The tempering Heating temperature: 530～570 ℃, soaking time: 6～15 hours, air cooling was to room temperature then.Tempering twice under the same process, is refined to specified dimension and precision at last.
The present invention compared with prior art has following significant advantage:
1. low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention contains less tungsten, molybdenum alloy element, does not also add expensive cobalt element, compares with rapid steel commonly used, and production cost reduces more than 30%.
2. low-alloy high-speed steel of the present invention contains cheap alloying elements such as aluminium, silicon, nitrogen and boron, has good red hardness, and 600 ℃ red hardness is greater than 58HRC.
3. low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention is after the rotten processing of niobium, titanium and yttrium rare earth, the obvious refinement of carbide and matrix, so material has good obdurability and wear resistance, wherein room temperature hardness is greater than 64HRC, bending strength is greater than 3500MPa, and impelling strength is greater than 25J/cm
2
4. improve 6～8 times than high nickel chromium triangle infinitely chilled ductile cast iron roll the work-ing life of low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention, improve 3～5 times than high-chromium white cast iron roll.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described to formulate the embodiment that foundation and contriver provide below in conjunction with its chemical ingredients of low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention.
The performance of alloy material is by the metallographic structure decision, and chemical ingredients and thermal treatment process are depended in metallographic structure, and chemical ingredients of the present invention is to determine like this:
Carbon: carbon is in rapid steel, to guarantee to form the carbide of sufficient amount on the one hand with carbide forming element tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium etc., there is certain carbon amount to dissolve in the high temperature austenite again, after being quenched, rapid steel obtains oversaturated martensite, guarantee that with this roll working lining has high hardness and wear resistance, and good high-temperature hardness.Therefore, carbon content must be complementary with other alloying elements in the steel, and carbon content is too high or too low all will to have disadvantageous effect to its performance.If carbon content is low excessively, then can not guarantee to form the alloy carbide of sufficient amount; Simultaneously, the content in high temperature austenite and martensite subsequently also will reduce, so that reduce the hardness and the wear resistance of roll.In contrast, if carbon content is too high, then carbide quantity increases, and the ununiformity of distribution of carbides also increases in the matrix simultaneously, causes the plasticity of roll to reduce, fragility increases, and roller surface fragility very easily takes place peels off in rolling process.
In order to guarantee that low-alloy high-speed steel roll has good wear resistance, carbon content in the rapid steel (Cs) is G.Steven formula (G.Steven relatively, Trans A.S.M., 1964, No.11) balance carbon of Ji Suaning (Cp) is high approximately by 0.08～0.20, and purpose is to make carbon supersaturation in the quenching matrix, obtains the martensite of high rigidity, and give full play to alloy element action, obtain maximum secondary hardening.Consider its pros and cons, carbon content is controlled at 1.2%～1.8%, and actual carbon content (Cs) is pressed following formula and is determined in the high-speed steel roll:
Actual carbon content (Cs)=0.033W+0.063Mo+0.060Cr+0.200V+ (0.08～0.20)
Tungsten and molybdenum: tungsten is the principal element that improves hot hardness and wear resistance, and it can form carbide in rapid steel, can be partially soluble in the solid again.The tungsten atom and the carbon combining power that are dissolved in the martensite are strong, and the separating out when tempering that hold it back strongly constitutes good temper resistance, and in the time of 500～600 ℃, tungsten just is precipitated out from martensite with the form of carbide, causes the secondary hardening of steel.During heating, not molten carbide then works to hinder austenite crystal and grows up.The adding of molybdenum can be increased sharply the hardening capacity and the section uniformity of hardness of steel, prevents the generation of temper brittleness, improves the temper resistance of rapid steel, improves impact toughness, increases thermal fatigue resistance.And molybdenum and tungsten are congenerss, structure and physicals are extremely close, can replace mutually, 1% molybdenum can substitute 1.6～2.0% tungsten, therefore substituting with molybdenum in the rapid steel of part tungsten, the add-on of alloying element can reduce on the one hand, reduces the segregation tendency by multicomponent alloy simultaneously, and the ununiformity of distribution of carbides also will alleviate in the corresponding matrix tissue.Adding Mo in the rapid steel descends the Peritectic Reaction temperature of steel, the remaining liquid phase of reaction reduces, the ledeburite that forms under lower temperature is less, and variation has also taken place in the form of ledeburite, can improve tungsten like this is the fatal metallurgical imperfection of rapid steel primary carbide ununiformity, has reduced fragility.The molybdenum of the solid solution of tempering simultaneously can stop carbide to be separated out along crystal boundary, and rapid steel intensity and toughness are improved.The present invention selects the compound rapid steel of tungsten-molybdenum for use, and on chemical ingredients coupling based on guaranteeing carbide homogeneity and the consideration that obtains higher mechanical properties, W content is controlled at 1.0%～3.0%, molybdenum content is controlled at 1.0%～3.0%.
Chromium: chromium is except playing an important role to the hardening capacity that guarantees rapid steel and oxidation-resistance, secondary hardening also there is certain contribution, therefore can remedy the deficiency of tungsten quantity in the low-alloy high-speed steel by suitable raising chromium content, but chromium content improves, to cause thermoplasticity to reduce, superheated susceptivity increases, and remained austenite content increases, and the anti-ability of aggregation of tempering carbide reduces.Therefore, the chromium content of low-alloy high-speed steel of the present invention is controlled at 4.5%～6.5%.
Vanadium: vanadium is one of important alloying element that improves the low-alloy high-speed steel roll wear resistance, and this is because vanadium can increase the quantity of high rigidity MC type carbide in the rapid steel, helps improving the rapid steel wear resistance.But when increasing content of vanadium, necessary corresponding raising carbon content could guarantee the formation of MC type vanadium carbide.In addition, the tissue of vanadium energy refinement steel improves the grain coarsening temperature, thereby reduces the superheated susceptivity of steel.Vanadium can also increase the temper resistance after rapid steel quenches.Content of vanadium is too high, and the high-speed steel roll grinding performance worsens, and roll easily skids in the rolling process, and the stocking surface is prone to scratch, and therefore, content of vanadium is controlled at 3.0%～5.0%.
Aluminium: aluminium major part in rapid steel is dissolved in matrix, and a spot of and nitrification forms AlN, plays the crystal grain thinning effect.Aluminium in the matrix is owing to the velocity of diffusion of element in iron such as the tungstens that slows down, thereby growing up of the tempering carbide precipitate that slows down improves the thermostability of steel.In addition, in rolling process, aluminium generates Al because of the heating oxidation of heat of friction and stocking in the rapid steel
2O
3, can avoid the roll steel bonding, improve the stocking surface quality, improve roll campaign.But there are defectives such as easily oxidized under the high temperature, that austenite crystal is inhomogeneous in aluminium-containing high speed steel, so aluminium content is controlled at 0.6%～1.2%.
Silicon: silicon except reducing stabilization of austenite, when promoting tempering outside the decomposition of residual austenite, has material impact to type, quantity, dissolving and the precipitation of carbide phase in rapid steel.In high-carbon molybdenum system and tungsten is in the steel, and silicon suppresses M
2The formation of C in process of setting promotes M
2The decomposition of C, silicon increase the alloy carbide quantity that tempering is separated out, and the remarkable refinement tempering MC type alloy carbide of separating out, and silicon also significantly suppresses M
3The precipitation of C carbide in tempering.But thick M when silicon promotes the overaging tempering
6Separating out of C carbide reduced the red hardness of steel, and the too high high-speed steel roll of silicone content, is prone to be full of cracks in the use, reduces roll work-ing life, considers its pros and cons, and silicone content is controlled at 0.8%～1.2%.
Nitrogen: nitrogen is one of low-alloy high-speed steel main adding elements.But add the nitrogen crystal grain thinning in the low-alloy high-speed steel, improve quenching temperature, improve secondary hardness.When existing, nitrogen chemical combination with it forms the special nitride of infusible as the element strong with nitrogen avidity (as Al, Ti, Nb etc.); When not having above-mentioned element to exist, nitrogen participates in forming stable M (C, N) and M
6(C, N), and bigger with the nitride tendency that forms vanadium.Under the both of these case, add all energy crystal grain thinnings of nitrogen, improve quenching temperature, improve the matrix alloy degree, thereby improve the secondary hardness and the red hardness of steel.But because nitrogen increases the temperature interval of primary carbide evolution reaction and eutectic reaction, easily form thicker MC primary carbide in the steel behind the adding nitrogen, unfavorable in toughness, consider its pros and cons, nitrogen content is controlled at 0.05%～0.15%.
Boron: in the process of setting of rapid steel, because partition ratio k＜＜1 of boron in the solid-liquid two-phase of steel, even in molten steel, add trace B, also violent segregation can take place and be enriched in the dendritic growth forward position, cause constitutional supercooling, help the refinement of austenite dendrites and the refinement of solidifying the eutectic carbides that forms latter stage in the molten steel of interdendritic, boron also promotes the suspension of eutectic carbides in heat-processed and group's nodularization in the rapid steel, improves the intensity and the toughness of rapid steel.When adding more boron, solidifying latter stage, because segregation, having a large amount of boron is enriched in the interdendritic residue molten steel, and boron improves the activity of carbon in molten steel, make eutectic reaction under alloy element concentrations such as relatively low carbon and tungsten, molybdenum, to take place, promptly can under higher liquid phase fraction, take place, therefore, the product zone broadens altogether, and the synusia of eutectic carbides becomes thick, and quantity increases, reduce the intensity and the toughness of rapid steel on the contrary, suitable boron add-on is 0.04%～0.12%.
Niobium: niobium is a kind of strong carbon, nitride forming element, with C, N very big avidity is arranged all, in rapid steel, niobium is mainly with Nb (C, N) form exists, is distributed on the matrix, and Nb (C, N) separate out temperature greater than 1300 ℃, more than the liquidus line of rapid steel just forming core separate out Nb (C, a large amount of enrichments of elements such as Fe, Cr, W, Mo, V in the melt around separating out N) caused, (C, N) forming core is separated out on every side at Nb to impel primary austenite.Content of niobium is high more, and the Nb that separates out (C, N) quantity is many more, and the austenite nucleus of preferentially separating out on its surface is also many more, and austenitic refining effect is just better.In addition, niobium also reduces eutectic temperature, impels the carbide nucleation rate to increase, thereby causes the even refinement of carbide, and the refinement of primary austenite and eutectic carbides helps the rapid steel flexible to increase substantially.Niobium also can improve the carbide microhardness, delay the reduction of carbide hardness after the high-temperature heat treatment, therefore niobium also can increase the wear resistance of rapid steel, the niobium add-on is too much, Nb in the tissue (C, N) quantity increases, and size increases, increase rapid steel fragility on the contrary, therefore content of niobium is controlled at 0.05%～0.20%.
Titanium: in the rapid steel process of setting, C reacts in titanium and the molten steel, generates the TiC particle of a large amount of disperses, and TiC and austenite and MC carbide are face-centered cubic lattice, and lattice parameter is close, a
TiC=0.432nm, a
MC=0.415nm, a
γ=0.357nm, the lattice misfit degree is very little, TiC can be used as the heterogeneous core of austenite and MC, refine austenite dendrites, promote isolated block MC type carbide to form in a large number, the form and the distribution of eutectic carbides are improved, improve the mechanical property and the thermal fatigue resistance of high-speed steel roll, suitable titanium content should be controlled at 0.06%～0.18%
Yttrium: yttrium is a surface active element, can on eutectic carbides, select absorption, during eutectic solidification, it mainly is gathered on the direction of eutectic carbides preferred growth, stop Fe, Cr, W, Mo, atoms such as V, C in the molten steel normally to be grown in the crystal of eutectic carbides, thereby reduced the leading speed of growth of eutectic carbides, forced that eutectic carbides diminishes, rust in this direction.In addition, eutectic austenite will stretch in the supercooling liquid phase region grows, and the carbide on this direction of growth is formed surround shell, also limits and reduced the speed of growth of eutectic carbides on this direction, and this just further impels, and eutectic carbides diminishes, rust.Yttrium also has the effect that increases the austenite forming core, impels austenite structure tightr, tiny and even, because eutectic carbides and austenitic refinement, the intensity and the toughness of rapid steel significantly improve.But excessive yttrium impels the high speed steel inclusion to increase, and reduces the intensity and the toughness of rapid steel on the contrary, therefore yttrium content is controlled at 0.04%～0.15%.
Manganese: in the actual production, the manganese content in the high-speed steel roll should be controlled at below 0.50%.When manganese content greater than 0.50% the time, will impel the grain growth under the high temperature.What is more important, too high manganese content will cause roll to produce hot tearing in heat treatment process.
Inevitably trace impurity is to bring in the raw material, and p and s is wherein arranged, and all is harmful elements, and intensity, toughness and wear resistance in order to guarantee low-alloy high-speed steel are controlled at phosphorus content below 0.04%, and sulphur content is controlled at below 0.04%.
The performance of low-alloy high-speed steel roll also has direct relation with thermal treatment process, and it is worked out according to being:
High-speed steel roll as cast condition matrix is made up of martensite, perlite and austenite, and hardness is low, wears no resistance.High-speed steel roll quenching purpose is in order to obtain the martensitic matrix of high rigidity, to improve the roll wear resistance.During the high-speed steel roll quench treatment, if Heating temperature is low excessively, or soaking time is too short, residual soft perlite in the quenching structure, the wear resistance of infringement roll; If Heating temperature is too high, or soaking time is long, and residual too much soft austenite is unfavorable for improving the roll wear resistance in the quenching structure.Too high or the soaking time of Heating temperature is long, and also roll to be organized thick, the intensity and the toughness of infringement roll.1060 ℃～1150 ℃ of low-alloy high-speed steel roll selective quenching Heating temperatures, soaking time 4～10 hours, atomized water spray refrigerative quenching technology can obtain tiny martensite and add homodisperse carbide tissue subsequently, has excellent abrasive.
High-speed steel roll tempered purpose is for stabilizing tissue, eliminates quenching stress, guarantees that roll does not occur peeling off and ftractureing in using, and makes normal, the safe handling of roll energy.Tempering temperature cross low or tempering insulation time too short, roller quenching stress be difficult for to be eliminated, the roll safe handling is influenced.Tempering temperature is too high or tempering insulation time is long, then occurs proeutectoid carbide accumulation, the phenomenon of growing up in the roller substrate tissue, and roll hardness reduces, and the roll wear resistance descends.530 ℃～570 ℃ of high-speed steel roll selection tempering Heating temperatures and tempering insulation time 6～15 hours can make roll have good obdurability and wear resistance.
Below be the specific embodiment that the contriver provides:
Embodiment 1:
Adopt the medium-frequency induction furnace melting low-alloy high speed steel roll material of 2500 kg capacity, its manufacturing technology steps is:
1. with ordinary scrap steel, the pig iron, ferrochrome, ferrotungsten and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, the molten clear back of molten steel adds ferrosilicon and vanadium iron, adds metallic aluminium before coming out of the stove successively, contains nitrogenous ferrochrome, ferro-niobium and ferrotianium;
2. the stokehold is adjusted to branch and temperature is risen to 1596 ℃ after qualified, then comes out of the stove;
3. Yttrium base rare earth and ferro-boron are crushed to the fritter of granularity less than 16mm, after oven dry below 200 ℃, place the casting ladle bottom, with the method that pours in the bag molten steel is carried out composite inoculating and handle;
4. make high-speed steel roll with the centrifugal composite casting method, roller core is selected spheroidal graphite cast iron for use, 1461 ℃ of pouring molten steel temperature;
5. high-speed steel roll quenches after roughing and temper, 1072 ℃ of quenching temperatures, and soaking time 8 hours, atomized water spray is cooled to roll surface temperature and is lower than 400 ℃ and carries out temper subsequently.545 ℃ of tempering Heating temperatures, soaking time 10 hours, air cooling is to room temperature then.Tempering twice under the same process, is refined to specified dimension and precision at last.
The chemical ingredients of the low-alloy high speed steel roll material of present embodiment manufacturing sees Table 1, and its mechanical property sees Table 2.
The chemical ingredients of table 1 low-alloy high speed steel roll material
| Element | C | Cr | W | Mo | V | Al | Si | N |
| Composition | 1.63 | 5.14 | 2.08 | 2.61 | 4.59 | 0.77 | 0.92 | 0.08 |
| Element | B | Nb | Ti | Y | Mn | S | P | Fe |
| Composition | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.026 | 0.033 | Surplus |
The mechanical property of table 2 low-alloy high speed steel roll material
| Room temperature hardness HRC | Bending strength MPa | Impelling strength J/cm 2 | 600 ℃ of red hardness HRC |
| 65.4 | 3617 | 26.2 | 59.3 |
Embodiment 2:
Adopt the medium-frequency induction furnace melting low-alloy high speed steel roll material of 1500 kg capacity, its manufacturing technology steps is:
1. with ordinary scrap steel, the pig iron, ferrochrome, ferrotungsten and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, the molten clear back of molten steel adds ferrosilicon and vanadium iron, adds metallic aluminium before coming out of the stove successively, contains nitrogenous ferrochrome, ferro-niobium and ferrotianium;
2. the stokehold is adjusted to branch and temperature is risen to 1607 ℃ after qualified, then comes out of the stove;
3. Yttrium base rare earth and ferro-boron are crushed to the fritter of granularity less than 16mm, after oven dry below 200 ℃, place the casting ladle bottom, with the method that pours in the bag molten steel is carried out composite inoculating and handle;
4. make high-speed steel roll with continuous composite casting method, roller core is selected the forging carbon steel for use, 1436 ℃ of pouring molten steel temperature;
5. high-speed steel roll is through quenching and temper after the roughing, and wherein quenching temperature is 1129 ℃, soaking time: 5 hours, atomized water spray was cooled to roll surface temperature and is lower than 400 ℃ and carries out temper subsequently.560 ℃ of tempering Heating temperatures, soaking time: 8 hours, air cooling was to room temperature then.Tempering twice under the same process, is refined to specified dimension and precision at last.
The chemical ingredients of the low-alloy high speed steel roll material of present embodiment manufacturing sees Table 3, and its mechanical property sees Table 4.
The chemical ingredients of table 3 low-alloy high speed steel roll material
| Element | C | Cr | W | Mo | V | Al | Si | N |
| Composition | 1.42 | 4.89 | 1.79 | 2.88 | 3.95 | 1.03 | 1.14 | 0.12 |
| Element | B | Nb | Ti | Y | Mn | S | P | Fe |
| Composition | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.027 | 0.035 | Surplus |
The mechanical property of table 4 low-alloy high speed steel roll material
| Room temperature hardness HRC | Bending strength MPa | Impelling strength J/cm 2 | 600 ℃ of red hardness HRC |
| 64.9 | 3560 | 27.7 | 58.6 |
Get the low-alloy high-speed steel roll of the foregoing description manufacturing, in the use of installing of the anterior milling train of hot rolled strip finish rolling and merchant bar mill finished frame, the result is as follows:
On the anterior milling train of hot rolled strip finish rolling, adopt low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention to improve 3～5 times than high-chromium white cast iron roll work-ing life.On the merchant bar mill finished frame, adopt low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention to improve 6～8 times than high nickel chromium triangle infinitely chilled ductile cast iron roll work-ing life.
Low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Low-alloy high speed steel roll material of the present invention contains less tungsten, molybdenum alloy element, does not also contain expensive cobalt element, and production cost reduces more than 30% than high speed steel material commonly used. Low-alloy high-speed steel of the present invention contains the cheap alloying elements such as aluminium, silicon, nitrogen and boron, has good red hardness. Low-alloy high-speed steel of the present invention is after niobium, titanium and yttrium RE Modified are processed, and therefore the obvious refinement of carbide and matrix has good obdurability and wearability. Use the present invention and can improve rolling rate, prolong roll campaign, alleviate labor strength, reduce the stocking cost, have excellent economic and social benefit.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of low-alloy high speed steel roll material, the chemical ingredients and the weight percent thereof that it is characterized in that this roll material of making are: C:1.2%～1.8%, Cr:4.5%～6.5%, W:1.0%～3.0%, Mo:1.0%～3.0%, V:3.0%～5.0%, Al:0.6%～1.2%, Si:0.8%～1.2%, N:0.05%～0.15%, B:0.04%～0.12%, Nb:0.05%～0.20%, Ti:0.06%～0.18%, Y:0.04%～0.15%, Mn＜0.5%, P＜0.04%, S＜0.04%, surplus are Fe, and the summation of chemical ingredients is 100%.
2, the manufacture method of the described low-alloy high speed steel roll material of claim 1 is used electric furnace production, it is characterized in that, its processing step is:
(1) with ordinary scrap steel, the pig iron, ferrochrome, ferrotungsten and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, the molten clear back of molten steel adds ferrosilicon and vanadium iron, adds metallic aluminium before coming out of the stove successively, contains nitrogenous ferrochrome, ferro-niobium and ferrotianium;
(2) stokehold be adjusted to branch qualified after, temperature is risen to 1580 ℃～1620 ℃, then come out of the stove;
(3) Yttrium base rare earth and ferro-boron are crushed to the fritter of granularity less than 16mm, after oven dry below 200 ℃, place the casting ladle bottom, with the method that pours in the bag molten steel is carried out composite inoculating and handle;
(4) any one preparation high-speed steel roll of the following two kinds of methods of employing:
First method: make high-speed steel roll with the centrifugal composite casting method, roller core is selected spheroidal graphite cast iron or meehanite cast iron for use, 1440 ℃～1470 ℃ of pouring molten steel temperature;
Second method: make high-speed steel roll with continuous composite casting method, roller core is selected low-alloy cast steel for use or is forged carbon steel, 1420 ℃～1450 ℃ of pouring molten steel temperature;
(5) high-speed steel roll of above-mentioned either party's manufactured, quench and temper through after the roughing, quenching temperature wherein: 1060 ℃～1150 ℃, soaking time: 4～10 hours, atomized water spray was cooled to roll surface temperature and is lower than 400 ℃ and carries out temper, the tempering Heating temperature subsequently: 530 ℃～570 ℃, soaking time: 6～15 hours, air cooling is to room temperature then, tempering twice under same process, is refined to specified dimension and precision at last.
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