CN114711424B - 含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin A aldehyde Natural products O=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品领域,具体为含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物及其制备方法。本发明制得的魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠作为余甘子和姜黄提取物微囊的前驱体,能够将其中水溶性和水不溶性物质一次性包裹,并且拥有较高的包封率,能够大幅延长提取物的储存时间,便于运输和销售。并且掩盖住了提取物的异味,提高了人们的食用感官。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品领域,具体为含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
余甘子,属大戟科叶下珠属植物,其果鲜食酸甜酥脆而微涩,回味甘甜,故名余甘,又名喉甘子,庵罗果,牛甘果等。该品呈球形或扁球形,直径1.2-2cm。表面棕褐色至墨绿色,有浅黄色颗粒状突起,具皱纹及不明显的6棱,果梗约1mm。其味甘、酸、涩,凉,归肺、胃经。有清热凉血,消食健胃,生津止咳的功效。余甘子果实中含有黄酮类化合物;维生素C,维生素B1,维生素B2,胡萝卜素,维生素A,维生素pp等,尤其富含维生素C,其含量可达0.6%-0.92%,春季果实含量最高,有时甚至可达1.82%,该含量是苹果维C含量的160倍,同时也是柑橘含量的100倍,仅次于水果维生素C之王的刺梨。余甘子还含17种氨基酸,包括了人体所需的8种氨基酸,其氨基酸总含量达185mg/100g,主要有谷氨酸、脯氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸。余甘子含有多种微量元素,其含量比苹果丰富,主要有硒、锌、钙、磷、铁、钾等。余甘子种子含脂肪酸26%,主要包括:亚麻酸,亚油酸,油酸,硬脂酸,棕榈酸,肉豆蔻酸等。这些物质大多具有较优异的抗氧化活性,极易失活。因此,若是直接食用,其抗氧化活性大大下降,营养流失较多。
姜黄,中药名,为姜科植物姜黄Curcuma longa L.的干燥根茎。冬季茎叶枯萎时采挖,洗净,煮或蒸至透心,晒干,除去须根。姜黄气香特异,味微苦、辛,可以改善骨性关节炎、肥胖、心脏病、糖尿病、肝损伤,还可以消炎杀菌。每100g姜黄约有5g姜黄素,它和大蒜素一样,并非人体所必需摄入的营养,但是却能抑制细菌生长、抵抗炎症;每100g姜黄约有3.5g姜黄精油,是真菌克星,能轻松消灭癣菌。姜黄味苦、辛,且姜黄素不易被人体吸收,因此也不适宜直接食用。
余甘子和姜黄为四味姜黄汤其中的两位主药,不仅具有清热杀菌、延缓衰老的功效,还能够补充人体所需微量元素,提高人体免疫力。但是传统的中药或藏药散剂存在较多缺点,如:由于不同中药材粉末的含水量、含油率、密度及粒径存在差异而导致的散剂外观度及有效成分分布不均匀;由于药材粉末流动性欠佳,而造成散剂的装量差异较大;中药材本身携带了大量的微生物及较多水分,且难以做到充分灭菌,从而导致微生物限度易超标;中药或藏药散剂服用不方便,尤其是“煮散”还需要花费大量时间进行煎煮,得到的汤剂味道苦涩,刺激性大,患者难以接受。现有技术作出的改进多为通过高分子滤膜提纯,去除异味,制成便于储存和携带的片剂、滴丸等。
如CN 113813354 A公开了一种由姜黄、小檗皮、余甘子和蒺藜组成的藏药四味姜黄汤的滴丸及其制备方法。所述滴丸由藏药四味姜黄汤提取纯化物、聚乙二醇及表面活性剂制备而成,所述藏药四味姜黄汤提取纯化物、聚乙二醇及表面活性剂的重量比为1:(4-8):(0.05-0.2),所述表面活性剂选自大豆磷脂与泊洛沙姆188。制备方法的主要步骤为:按藏药四味姜黄汤散处方对药材进行醇提,用D101大孔吸附树脂对提取浓缩液进行纯化,将纯化物细粉分散于基质中制成滴丸。本发明制得的滴丸溶散时限短,服用方便,保质期长,且掩盖了原有散剂的不良气味和刺激性。但是,尚没有对促进其中有效物质的保存和吸收方法进行优化改进的方案。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明提供了一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物及其制备方法。
一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取10-20份姜黄、20-30份余甘子,粉碎至150-200目,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和500-600份60-80wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70-75℃、氮气氛围中回流提取2-3次,每次1-2h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎至200-300目,得到提取物纯化物细粉;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的提取物纯化物细粉、微胶囊前驱体按质量比(1-2):(12-24)混合,利用微胶囊造粒仪制备得到微胶囊乳液,经冷冻干燥后,得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物。
所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:(7-8)。
所述微胶囊造粒仪的参数设置:喷嘴孔径280-320μm;流速5-7mL/min;频率1000-1500Hz;电压1800-2200mV;盘速10000-30000r/min。
所述微胶囊前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1按质量份计,将18-21份淀粉磷酸酯钠、60-70份水混合,以160-200r/min转速持续搅拌10-20min,然后加入15-20份20wt%双氧水,升温至40-50℃、继续以160-200r/min转速搅拌反应3-4h后,然后调节pH至6-7,得到混合溶液Ⅰ,将混合溶液Ⅰ按体积比1:(5-10)倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用75-85wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀,冷冻干燥,得到氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S2按质量份计,将8-10份氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠和90-100份水混合,加热至60-70℃、以160-200r/min转速搅拌反应8-10min,降温至45-55℃,再加入2-4份氨基酸,然后调节pH至4.5-5.5,在氮气氛围下,保持50℃、以180r/min转速搅拌反应8-12h后,再调节pH至6.5-7.5,得到混合溶液Ⅱ,将混合溶液Ⅱ按体积比1:(5-10)倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用75-85wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3-4次,然后在45-55℃下干燥20-24h,得到氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S3按质量份计,将3-4份氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠、1-2份魔芋甘露聚糖、0.5-1份磷酸钠、1-2份尿素添加到89-91份水中以160-200r/min转速持续搅拌,并加热至60-70℃反应1-2h,过滤后,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3-4次,然后在45-55℃干燥至恒重,得到魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S4将S3制得的魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠按浴比1g:(10-20)mL溶解在30-40℃水中,以80-120r/min速率搅拌3-5min后,静置备用,得到所述微胶囊前驱体。
所述氨基酸为丝氨酸、谷氨酸中的一种或两种混合;优选的,所述氨基酸为丝氨酸、谷氨酸按质量比(1-2):(2-4)混合而成。
本发明采用乙醇回流法提取余甘子和姜黄中的有效成分。紧接着,本发明以淀粉磷酸酯钠为基体,利用双氧水对其进行氧化处理,增加其羰基含量。接着,本发明以席夫碱反应通过羰基和氨基反应实现氨基酸接枝于淀粉磷酸酯钠。本发明所选用的氨基酸为丝氨酸和谷氨酸,丝氨酸和谷氨酸都具有水溶性有助于提高淀粉磷酸酯钠在水中的溶解性,此外,丝氨酸含有羟基基团,谷氨酸含有羧基基团,两种氨基酸和氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠的反应,能够进一步增加羧基和羟基的数量,而羧基对于余甘子中的微量元素和氨基酸成分具有较强的吸附作用,羟基对于不溶于水的姜黄素等物质具有较强的吸附能力,二者协同作用,能够很好的包裹住余甘子和姜黄提取物中的有益成分。但是,由于其较好的水溶性和水分散性,其对于余甘子和姜黄提取物中水溶性成分的包裹效果较差,例如维生素C等具有抗氧化活性的物质。因此,本发明进一步利用磷脂化反应,将魔芋甘露聚糖和氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠交联。魔芋甘露聚糖虽然也属于可溶性半纤维素,是一种水溶性非离子型多糖,但是,魔芋甘露聚糖的特殊结构,使得其能结合大量水分,通过氢键、分子偶极、诱导偶极、瞬间偶极等作用力与水分子结合形成难于自由运动的巨大分子,建立网络结构,将水分子和水溶性分子全部纳入其网络结构中,经冷冻干燥去除水分子后,包裹住剩余的水溶性物质。此外,魔芋甘露聚糖主链由D-甘露糖和D-葡萄糖以B-1,4吡喃糖甘键连结,在主链甘露糖上存在着以B-1,3键结合的支链结构回嗍,大约每32个糖残基上有3个支链,并且某些糖残基上有乙酰基团。这表明魔芋甘露聚糖分子中也存在大量的羟基和羧基,提升了其对于余甘子和姜黄提取物的吸附能力。
本发明有益效果:
本发明制得的魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠作为余甘子和姜黄提取物微囊的前驱体,能够将其中水溶性和水不溶性物质一次性包裹,并且拥有较高的包封率,能够大幅延长提取物的储存时间,便于运输和销售。并且掩盖住了提取物的异味,提高了人们的食用感官。
具体实施方式
姜黄,采购自亳州市仁和中药材批发商行。
余甘子,采购自亳州市仁和中药材批发商行。
大孔吸附树脂,货号:S14161,上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
淀粉磷酸酯钠,型号:18570407091,湖北成丰化工有限公司。
魔芋甘露聚糖,CAS号:37220-17-0,粘度:38000,湖北远成赛创科技有限公司。
实施例1
一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取15份姜黄、25份余甘子,粉碎至200目,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和550份75wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70℃、氮气氛围中回流提取3次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎至300目,得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物。
所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:7。
实施例2
一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取15份姜黄、25份余甘子,粉碎至200目,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和550份75wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70℃、氮气氛围中回流提取3次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎至300目,得到提取物纯化物细粉;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的提取物纯化物细粉、微胶囊前驱体按质量比1:12混合,利用微胶囊造粒仪制备得到微胶囊乳液,经冷冻干燥后,得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物。
所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:7。
所述微胶囊造粒仪的参数设置:喷嘴孔径300μm;流速6mL/min;频率1200Hz;电压2000mV;盘速20000r/min。
所述微胶囊前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1按质量份计,将20份淀粉磷酸酯钠、65份水混合,以180r/min转速持续搅拌15min,然后加入15份20wt%双氧水,升温至45℃、继续以180r/min转速搅拌反应3.5h后,然后调节pH至6.5,得到混合溶液Ⅰ,将混合溶液Ⅰ按体积比1:7倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀,冷冻干燥,得到氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S2将S1制得的氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠按浴比1g:12mL溶解在35℃水中,以100r/min速率搅拌4min后,静置备用,得到所述微胶囊前驱体。
实施例3
一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取15份姜黄、25份余甘子,粉碎至200目,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和550份75wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70℃、氮气氛围中回流提取3次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎至300目,得到提取物纯化物细粉;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的提取物纯化物细粉、微胶囊前驱体按质量比1:12混合,利用微胶囊造粒仪制备得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物。
所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:7。
所述微胶囊造粒仪的参数设置:喷嘴孔径300μm;流速6mL/min;频率1200Hz;电压2000mV;盘速20000r/min。
所述微胶囊前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1按质量份计,将20份淀粉磷酸酯钠、65份水混合,以180r/min转速持续搅拌15min,然后加入15份20wt%双氧水,升温至45℃、继续以180r/min转速搅拌反应3.5h后,然后调节pH至6.5,得到混合溶液Ⅰ,将混合溶液Ⅰ按体积比1:7倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀,冷冻干燥,得到氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S2按质量份计,将9份氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠和90份水混合,以180r/min转速搅拌并加热至65℃反应9min,再降温至50℃,接着向其中加入3份氨基酸,然后调节pH至5,在氮气氛围下反应10h后,再调节pH至7,得到混合溶液Ⅱ,将混合溶液Ⅱ按体积比1:8倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3次,然后在50℃干燥至恒重,得到氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S3将S2制得的氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠按浴比1g:12mL溶解在35℃水中,以100r/min速率搅拌4min后,静置备用,得到所述微胶囊前驱体。
所述氨基酸由丝氨酸、谷氨酸按质量比1:2混合而成。
实施例4
一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取15份姜黄、25份余甘子,粉碎至200目,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和550份75wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70℃、氮气氛围中回流提取3次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎至300目,得到提取物纯化物细粉;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的提取物纯化物细粉、微胶囊前驱体按质量比1:12混合,利用微胶囊造粒仪制备得到微胶囊乳液,经冷冻干燥后,得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物。
所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:7。
所述微胶囊造粒仪的参数设置:喷嘴孔径300μm;流速6mL/min;频率1200Hz;电压2000mV;盘速20000r/min。
所述微胶囊前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1按质量份计,将20份淀粉磷酸酯钠、65份水混合,以180r/min转速持续搅拌15min,然后加入15份20wt%双氧水,升温至45℃、继续以180r/min转速搅拌反应3.5h后,然后调节pH至6.5,得到混合溶液Ⅰ,将混合溶液Ⅰ按体积比1:7倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀,冷冻干燥,得到氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S2按质量份计,将9份氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠和90份水混合,加热至65℃、以180r/min转速搅拌反应9min,降温至50℃,再加入3份氨基酸,然后调节pH至5,在氮气氛围下,保持50℃、以180r/min转速搅拌反应10h后,再调节pH至7,得到混合溶液Ⅱ,将混合溶液Ⅱ按体积比1:8倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3次,然后在50℃下干燥24h,得到氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S3按质量份计,将3份氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠、1.5份魔芋甘露聚糖、0.8份磷酸钠、1.6份尿素添加到90份水中以180r/min转速持续搅拌,并加热至65℃反应1.5h,过滤后,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3次,然后在50℃干燥至恒重,得到魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S4将S3制得的魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠按浴比1g:12mL溶解在35℃水中,以100r/min速率搅拌4min后,静置备用,得到所述微胶囊前驱体。
所述氨基酸由丝氨酸、谷氨酸按质量比1:2混合而成。
实施例5
一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取15份姜黄、25份余甘子,粉碎至200目,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和550份75wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70℃、氮气氛围中回流提取3次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎至300目,得到提取物纯化物细粉;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的提取物纯化物细粉、微胶囊前驱体按质量比按质量比1:12混合,利用微胶囊造粒仪制备得到微胶囊乳液,经冷冻干燥后,得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物。
所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:7。
所述微胶囊造粒仪的参数设置:喷嘴孔径300μm;流速6mL/min;频率1200Hz;电压2000mV;盘速20000r/min。
所述微胶囊前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1按质量份计,将20份淀粉磷酸酯钠、65份水混合,以180r/min转速持续搅拌15min,然后加入15份20wt%双氧水,升温至45℃、继续以180r/min转速搅拌反应3.5h后,然后调节pH至6.5,得到混合溶液Ⅰ,将混合溶液Ⅰ按体积比1:7倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀,冷冻干燥,得到氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S2按质量份计,将9份氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠和90份水混合,加热至65℃、以180r/min转速搅拌反应9min,降温至50℃,再加入3份氨基酸,然后调节pH至5,在氮气氛围下,保持50℃、以180r/min转速搅拌反应10h后,再调节pH至7,得到混合溶液Ⅱ,将混合溶液Ⅱ按体积比1:8倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3次,然后在50℃下干燥24h,得到氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S3按质量份计,将3份氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠、1.5份魔芋甘露聚糖、0.8份磷酸钠、1.6份尿素添加到90份水中以180r/min转速持续搅拌,并加热至65℃反应1.5h,过滤后,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3次,然后在50℃干燥至恒重,得到魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S4将S3制得的魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠按浴比1g:12mL溶解在35℃水中,以100r/min速率搅拌4min后,静置备用,得到所述微胶囊前驱体。
所述氨基酸为丝氨酸。
实施例6
一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取15份姜黄、25份余甘子,粉碎至200目,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和550份75wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70℃、氮气氛围中回流提取3次,每次1.5h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎至300目,得到提取物纯化物细粉;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的提取物纯化物细粉、微胶囊前驱体按质量比1:12混合,利用微胶囊造粒仪制备得到微胶囊乳液,经冷冻干燥后,得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物。
所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:7。
所述微胶囊造粒仪的参数设置:喷嘴孔径300μm;流速6mL/min;频率1200Hz;电压2000mV;盘速20000r/min。
所述微胶囊前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1按质量份计,将20份淀粉磷酸酯钠、65份水混合,以180r/min转速持续搅拌15min,然后加入15份20wt%双氧水,升温至45℃、继续以180r/min转速搅拌反应3.5h后,然后调节pH至6.5,得到混合溶液Ⅰ,将混合溶液Ⅰ按体积比1:7倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀,冷冻干燥,得到氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S2按质量份计,将9份氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠和90份水混合,加热至65℃、以180r/min转速搅拌反应9min,降温至50℃,再加入3份氨基酸,然后调节pH至5,在氮气氛围下,保持50℃、以180r/min转速搅拌反应10h后,再调节pH至7,得到混合溶液Ⅱ,将混合溶液Ⅱ按体积比1:8倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3次,然后在50℃下干燥24h,得到氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S3按质量份计,将3份氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠、1.5份魔芋甘露聚糖、0.8份磷酸钠、1.6份尿素添加到90份水中以180r/min转速持续搅拌,并加热至65℃反应1.5h,过滤后,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3次,然后在50℃干燥至恒重,得到魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S4将S3制得的魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠按浴比1g:12mL溶解在35℃水中,以100r/min速率搅拌4min后,静置备用,得到所述微胶囊前驱体。
所述氨基酸为谷氨酸。
测试例1
微胶囊的芯材含量包覆率测定
测试方法为:将滤纸置于30℃下烘干60min,然后称重,得到m1;取10g各实施例制备的含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物,充分研磨,向其加入20mL二甲苯萃取,使用上述滤纸过滤,重复萃取、过滤3遍,每次萃取10min,使得芯材和壁材完全分离。使用真空烘箱烘干滤纸和滤渣,称重,得到m2。计算公式如下:
包覆率=(1-壁材重量/10)*100%
其中,壁材重量=m2-m1
表1:芯材含量包覆率测定结果
包覆率/% | |
实施例2 | 10.3 |
实施例3 | 32.4 |
实施例4 | 52.1 |
实施例5 | 48.6 |
实施例6 | 49.1 |
由表1可见,实施例4所制得的含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物其包覆率最高,这是由于首先,本发明以淀粉磷酸酯钠为基体,利用双氧水对其进行氧化处理,增加其羰基含量。接着,本发明以席夫碱反应通过羰基和氨基反应实现氨基酸接枝于淀粉磷酸酯钠。本发明所选用的氨基酸为丝氨酸和谷氨酸,丝氨酸和谷氨酸都具有水溶性有助于提高淀粉磷酸酯钠在水中的溶解性,此外,丝氨酸含有羟基基团,谷氨酸含有羧基基团,两种氨基酸和氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠的反应,能够进一步增加羧基和羟基的数量,而羧基对于余甘子中的微量元素和氨基酸成分具有较强的吸附作用,羟基对于不溶于水的姜黄素等物质具有较强的吸附能力,二者协同作用,能够很好的包裹住余甘子和姜黄提取物中的有益成分。但是,由于其较好的水溶性和水分散性,其对于余甘子和姜黄提取物中水溶性成分的包裹效果较差,例如维生素C等具有抗氧化活性的物质。因此,本发明进一步利用磷脂化反应,将魔芋甘露聚糖和氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠交联。魔芋甘露聚糖虽然也属于可溶性半纤维素,是一种水溶性非离子型多糖,但是,魔芋甘露聚糖的特殊结构,使得其能结合大量水分,通过氢键、分子偶极、诱导偶极、瞬间偶极等作用力与水分子结合形成难于自由运动的巨大分子,建立网络结构,将水分子和水溶性分子全部纳入其网络结构中,经冷冻干燥去除水分子后,包裹住剩余的水溶性物质。此外,魔芋甘露聚糖主链由D-甘露糖和D-葡萄糖以B-1,4吡喃糖甘键连结,在主链甘露糖上存在着以B-1,3键结合的支链结构回嗍,大约每32个糖残基上有3个支链,并且某些糖残基上有乙酰基团。这表明魔芋甘露聚糖分子中也存在大量的羟基和羧基,提升了其对于余甘子和姜黄提取物的吸附能力。
实施例3的包覆率比实施例4低,这是由于氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠没有交联魔芋甘露聚糖,其对水溶性的物质包覆率降低。实施例2的包覆率比实施例3低,这是由于氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠没有进行氨基酸接枝,其水溶性较差,且对余甘子和姜黄提取物的吸附性也较差。实施例5和实施例6的包覆率比实施例4低,这是由于羧基对于余甘子中的微量元素和氨基酸成分具有较强的吸附作用,羟基对于不溶于水的姜黄素等物质具有较强的吸附能力,二者协同作用,能够很好的包裹住余甘子和姜黄提取物中的有益成分。只采用其中一种氨基酸,其包覆率会略微下降。
测试例2
将实施例1-6所制得的含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物在常温避光贮存6个月后测定超氧阴离子自由基的清除活性。
样品制备:由于囊壁不具有超氧阴离子自由基的清除活性,为了保证测试数据具有对比性,本发明对实施例2-6制得的含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物进行囊壁和囊芯分离。将实施例2-6所制得的余甘子和姜黄的组合物通过球磨机充分研磨,得到组合物微粉,按浴比1g:20mL将组合物微粉和无水乙醇混合,在振荡器下震荡10min,然后以12000r/min转速离心5min,过滤,氮气氛围下干燥滤液,得到实施例2-6测试用组合物微粉,实施例1制得的含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物可直接用于测试。
测试方法:采用光照核黄素法测定本发明各实施例制得的余甘子和姜黄的组合物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率,以0.05mol/mLpH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液为溶剂配制1.67×10-5mol/mL核黄素溶液。取20.0mL上述核黄素溶液,加入0.05g实施例1制得的含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物或实施例2-6测试用组合物微粉持续搅拌,并置于光照箱中光照30min,取出后测定560nm处吸光度A样;
1.67×10-5mol/mL核黄素溶液,置于光照箱中光照30min,取出后测定560nm处吸光度A0。
超氧阴离子自由基清除率=(A0-A样)/A0*100%
表2:贮存6个月后其超氧阴离子自由基清除率
超氧阴离子自由基清除率/% | |
实施例1 | 32.1 |
实施例2 | 57.2 |
实施例3 | 69.7 |
实施例4 | 84.3 |
实施例5 | 80.4 |
实施例6 | 81.1 |
由表2可以看出,实施例4制得的含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物在经过6个月的贮存后,其依然具有最佳的超氧自由基清除率,这表明其所含有的抗氧化活性物质保存的最为完整。实施例3的超氧阴离子自由基清除率比实施例4低,这是由于氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠没有交联魔芋甘露聚糖,其对水溶性的物质包覆率降低,而抗氧化活性物质多为水溶性。实施例2的超氧阴离子自由基清除率比实施例3低,这是由于氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠没有进行氨基酸接枝,其水溶性较差,且对余甘子和姜黄提取物的吸附性也较差,无法形成封闭式囊壁,导致大量抗氧化活性物质变质。实施例1的超氧阴离子自由基清除率比实施例2低,这是由于实施例1没有采用微囊对余甘子和姜黄提取物进行包覆,其中的抗氧化活性物质直接与空气接触,极易变质。实施例5和实施例6的超氧阴离子自由基清除率比实施例4低,这是由于羧基对于余甘子中的微量元素和氨基酸成分具有较强的吸附作用,羟基对于不溶于水的姜黄素等物质具有较强的吸附能力,二者协同作用,能够很好的包裹住余甘子和姜黄提取物中的有益成分。只采用其中一种氨基酸,其包覆率会略微下降,导致超氧阴离子自由基清除率下降。
Claims (4)
1.一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量份计,称取10-20份姜黄、20-30份余甘子,粉碎,得到组合物粗粉;将组合物粗粉和500-600份60-80wt%的乙醇水溶液混合,置于70-75℃、氮气氛围中回流提取2-3次,每次1-2h,合并提取液,冷却至室温后,经抽滤,减压去除乙醇,得到组合物提取液;
(2)用大孔吸附树脂对步骤(1)制得的组合物提取液进行吸附提纯,将提纯后的组合物提取液进行真空干燥,然后粉碎,得到提取物纯化物细粉;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的提取物纯化物细粉、微胶囊前驱体按质量比(1-2):(12-24)混合,利用微胶囊造粒仪制备得到微胶囊乳液,经冷冻干燥后,得到所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物;
所述微胶囊前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1 按质量份计,将18-21份淀粉磷酸酯钠、60-70份水混合,持续搅拌10-20min,然后加入15-20份20wt%双氧水,升温至40-50℃搅拌反应3-4h后,然后调节pH至6-7,得到混合溶液Ⅰ,将混合溶液Ⅰ按体积比1:(5-10)倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用75-85wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀,冷冻干燥,得到氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S2 按质量份计,将8-10份氧化淀粉磷酸酯钠和90-100份水混合,搅拌并加热至60-70℃反应8-10min,再降温至45-55℃,接着向其中加入2-4份氨基酸,然后调节pH至4.5-5.5,在氮气氛围下反应8-12h后,再调节pH至6.5-7.5,得到混合溶液Ⅱ,将混合溶液Ⅱ按体积比1:(5-10)倾入甲醇中析出,过滤取沉淀,用75-85wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3-4次,然后在45-55℃干燥至恒重,得到氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S3 按质量份计,将3-4份氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠、1-2份魔芋甘露聚糖、0.5-1份磷酸钠、1-2份尿素添加到89-91份水中持续搅拌,并加热至60-70℃反应1-2h,过滤后,用80wt%甲醇水溶液洗涤沉淀3-4次,然后在45-55℃干燥至恒重,得到魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠;
S4 将S3制得的魔芋甘露聚糖/氨基酸改性淀粉磷酸酯钠按浴比1g:(10-20)mL溶解在30-40℃水中,搅拌3-5min后,静置备用,得到所述微胶囊前驱体;
所述氨基酸为丝氨酸、谷氨酸中的一种或两种混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述大孔吸附树脂为D101大孔吸附树脂,树脂柱径高比为1:(7-8)。
3.如权利要求1所述含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微胶囊造粒仪的参数设置:喷嘴孔径280-320μm;流速5-7mL/min;频率1000-1500Hz;电压1800-2200mV;盘速10000-30000r/min。
4.一种含有余甘子和姜黄的组合物,其特征在于,由权利要求1-3任一项所述方法制备而成。
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