CN114711193B - Method for breeding Taihe black-bone chickens rich in brain gold - Google Patents
Method for breeding Taihe black-bone chickens rich in brain gold Download PDFInfo
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- CN114711193B CN114711193B CN202210398126.3A CN202210398126A CN114711193B CN 114711193 B CN114711193 B CN 114711193B CN 202210398126 A CN202210398126 A CN 202210398126A CN 114711193 B CN114711193 B CN 114711193B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding black-bone chickens rich in Naohuangtai, and belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding. The breeding method provided by the invention is suitable for marketing from chicks to commercial chickens, different breeding processes are reasonably planned for Taihe black-boned chickens in each stage, the breeding process adopts captive breeding combined stocking and natural feed compound feed, and the breeding process adopts microecologics, does not feed medicine additives, and has no residue and pollution. The invention overcomes the defects and limitations of the existing algae oil and fish oil, and the commercial Taihe black-bone chicken bred by the method of the invention contains rich DHA and EPA and proper DHA/EPA ratio, can protect eyesight, improve intelligence, promote the metabolism of saturated fatty acid of human body, reduce blood viscosity, strengthen blood circulation, and effectively prevent atherosclerosis, diabetes, gout, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of black-bone chickens rich in brain gold Thai.
Background
Taihe black-bone chicken is also called Wushan chicken, which is auspicious in Wushan and Yuanpi villages in Taihe county, and has been in history for over 1300 years so far, enjoying the reputations of 'Baifeng fairy' and 'China black treasure'. Taihe black-bone chicken is warm and smooth in nature, delicate and exquisite in posture, white and jade in feather, and has the unique ten characteristics of silk hair, tassel head, plexus coronaria, green ear, beard, hair leg, five claws, black skin, black bone and black meat. The Taihe black-bone chicken is tender in meat quality, delicious and tasty in taste, integrates the three functions of medicine, nourishing and eating, and has extremely high nutritional value and medicinal value.
The Taihe black-bone chicken contains 18 amino acids, multiple trace elements and a large amount of vitamins, has low fat content, high unsaturated fatty acid content in fat, low cholesterol content and rich DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), has the effects of cleaning blood, reducing blood fat and cholesterol, can effectively prevent atherosclerosis, diabetes, gout, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and is ideal curative effect food for middle-aged and old people, patients with coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis.
DHA, also known as brain gold, is a polyunsaturated fatty acid which is very important to the human body and accounts for about 97% of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain. DHA is a main element for the growth and maintenance of cells in the nervous system, is an important constituent fatty acid of the brain and retina, and in order to maintain the normal functions of various tissues in the human body, it is necessary to ensure sufficient contents of various fatty acids, and DHA cannot be synthesized in the human body and thus must be taken from food. At present, the main modes for people to take DHA are algae oil and deep sea fish oil; the algae oil is extracted from marine microalgae, the DHA content in the marine microalgae is high and stable, and pollution is avoided, so that the algae oil is very suitable for pregnant women and infants to take, but the EPA content is very low, and the EPA can help to reduce the contents of cholesterol and triglyceride, promote the metabolism of saturated fatty acid in a body, reduce the blood viscosity, enhance the blood circulation, improve the oxygen supply of tissues and the like, so that the deep sea fish oil which has a higher EPA/DHA ratio and is extracted from deep sea fish is a better choice for adults and old people. However, the environmental pollution is getting worse nowadays, the content of harmful substances such as organic pollutants, heavy metals and the like in deep sea fish bodies is also getting higher and higher, and the safety of deep sea fish oil cannot be fully guaranteed.
Therefore, the Taihe black-bone chicken rich in DHA and EPA is expected to replace algae oil and deep sea fish oil and become a novel functional nourishing food for preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the research on Taihe black-boned chickens has been limited for a long time, and the feeding personnel randomly uses and abuses feed drug additives in the production and breeding process, so that a great amount of drugs are remained in the chickens, and the medicinal value and the nourishing efficacy of the chickens are further seriously reduced. Therefore, further research and improvement on the breeding method of Taihe black-bone chickens are needed to fully exert the nourishing and medicinal value thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the breeding problem of Taihe black-bone chickens in the background art, the invention aims to provide a breeding method of Taihe black-bone chickens rich in brain gold. The breeding method provided by the invention reasonably plans different breeding processes for Taihe black-boned chickens in each stage from the young chickens to the commercial chickens, and aims to provide a novel pollution-free functional nourishing food capable of effectively preventing or treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for breeding black-bone chickens rich in brain gold Thai, which specifically comprises the following three stages:
1) A chick stage, wherein the breeding is limited in a chicken house: selecting healthy Taihe black-bone chicken which are flawless and have no shell for 1-3 days, culturing the Taihe black-bone chicken in a chicken house for 50-55 days, controlling the temperature in the chicken house to be 35-38 ℃ from the first day, and then reducing the temperature to be 0.4 ℃ every day until the temperature is room temperature and keeping the temperature unchanged;
the feeding method in the chick stage comprises the following specific steps: feeding basic grain granules and plant polysaccharide water every day within one week after starting, and then feeding the composite feed doped with the microecologics and free drinking water;
2) A pre-stocking stage, wherein the breeding is alternately carried out in a chicken house and a stocking grassland: selecting healthy and flawless chickens bred in the stage 1), transferring the chickens into a stocking grassland at intervals for trying to breed, wherein the breeding time of the stage is 125-135 days, and the stocking time ratio is gradually increased along with the breeding time;
the feeding method in the pre-stocking stage comprises the following specific steps: the whole stage is fed by doping a microecological preparation with a compound feed;
3) A cultivation stage, wherein cultivation is carried out in a stocking forest land: selecting healthy and flawless chickens bred in the stage of the step 2), and breeding for 35-45 days in a stocking forest land to finally obtain Taihe black-boned chickens as commodities;
the feeding method in the breeding stage comprises the following specific steps: the whole stage is fed by doping a microecological preparation with a commercially available complete material;
the compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of corn, 20-35 parts of mulberry leaf, 15-25 parts of plantain herb, 5-10 parts of selfheal, 5-7 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 2-3 parts of anemone, 1-4 parts of bone charcoal powder, 5-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 5-7 parts of fructus cannabis and 0.5-1 part of walnut shell powder.
The silkworm pupa has high nutritive value and medicinal function, contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and also contains abundant proteins and a plurality of amino acids, a plurality of vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin D, and a plurality of trace elements such as iron, zinc, selenium and the like; wherein, linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid for synthesizing DHA and EPA. The hemp seed and the walnut shell powder can also adjust the content of the linolenic acid in the feed. The compound feed provided by the invention selects a plurality of raw material components and reasonably regulates and controls the dosage proportion, so that the obtained compound feed not only meets the nutritional requirements of rapid growth of Taihe black-bone chickens in each stage, but also can greatly improve the absorption efficiency of the chickens on the linolenic acid in the compound feed.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the microecological preparation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-12 parts of clostridium butyricum, 2-6 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, 4-10 parts of enterococcus faecalis, 8-15 parts of yeast, 10-12 parts of collard ethanol extract, 10-18 parts of maltose syrup, 2-4 parts of fructooligosaccharide and 20-30 parts of soybean meal.
Taihe black-bone chicken is different from other kinds of chicken, and is more susceptible to various germs in the growth process, and a large amount of feed additive residues in chicken bodies can be left after the feed additive is abused. The microecological preparation is prepared by mixing probiotics which are beneficial to and harmless to chickens and other substances, is a pollution-free preparation following the natural law of ecological environment, and can well replace feed pharmaceutical additives to be applied to poultry cultivation. The clostridium butyricum can secrete important nutrient substance butyric acid for regenerating and repairing intestinal mucosa, can promote the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria such as bifidobacterium and the like, inhibit the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria such as shigella dysenteriae and the like, recover the balance of intestinal flora and improve the immune function. The lactobacillus rhamnosus can prevent and treat diarrhea, regulate intestinal flora and improve immunity of organisms. Enterococcus faecalis can improve intestinal microecological balance, promote poultry immunoreaction, form a lactic acid bacteria barrier to resist germ invasion, promote poultry absorption of nutrient substances and improve feed conversion rate. The microecological preparation adopts various probiotics, can effectively improve the body immunity of Taihe black-bone chicken in each stage, and effectively prevents the invasion of various germs; the collard ethanol extract and the fructooligosaccharide in the microecological preparation can also be matched with selected probiotics to promote the conversion rate of linolenic acid to DHA in chicken bodies.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the ratio of the plant polysaccharide water mixture in the chick stage in the step 1) is 1; the plant polysaccharide is prepared by mixing ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and spirulina polysaccharide according to equal mass ratio. Within one week after the feeding, the sugar water prepared by mixing the basic grain granules, the ganoderan and the spirulina polysaccharide is fed to the chicks, and the sugar water can improve the absorption efficiency of the chicks on linolenic acid in the subsequent feeding of the compound feed.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the doping amount of the microecologics in the compound feed fed by the chicks in the step 1) is 0.40-0.65%.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the chicks obtained in the pre-stocking stage in the step 2) can also be used as commercial chicks; the DHA content of the commercial chick is not less than 450mg/100g, and the DHA/EPA ratio is 10.5-14.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the doping amount of the microecologics in the compound feed fed in the pre-stocking stage in the step 2) is 0.55-0.70%.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the stocking forest land in the step 3) is a mulberry field, and the stocking density of Taihe silky fowl in the mulberry field is not higher than 12 chickens per square meter.
The Taihe black-bone chicken is released in the mulberry field in the final breeding stage, on one hand, the chicken can only freely eat natural feeds such as pests, grass roots and the like, and the chicken manure can also increase soil nutrients; on the other hand, the mulberry leaves can be used as natural food of the silkworms, and the silkworm pupas and the mulberry leaves finally provided by the silkworms can be prepared into the composite feed in turn, so that ecological breeding is realized.
As a further improvement of the technical proposal, the doping amount of the microecologics in the market complete feed fed in the breeding stage of the step 3) is 1.10 to 1.20 percent.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the DHA/EPA ratio of the commercial Thai and black-bone chicken is 2.5-3.
The inventor finds that 1.10% -1.20% of the microecological preparation prepared by the invention is doped in commercial complete feed fed in the final breeding stage of Taihe black-bone chicken, the conversion direction of linolenic acid in chicken bodies can be regulated, the partial conversion efficiency of DHA is inhibited, and the conversion efficiency of EPA is improved to a small extent; so that the DHA/EPA ratio of the chicken is gradually reduced in the breeding stage, and the commercial Taihe black-bone chicken suitable for preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (namely the DHA/EPA ratio is 2.5-3).
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the commercial Taihe black-bone chicken can be used as a functional nourishing food to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for breeding Taihe black-bone chickens containing rich DHA and EPA, which adopts a natural feed compound feed combining captive breeding and free-ranging, adopts a microecological preparation, does not feed a medicament additive, has no residue and no pollution, and has high nutritive value and medicinal value.
2. The invention overcomes the defects and limitations of the existing algae oil and fish oil, and the commercial Taihe black-bone chicken bred by the method has proper DHA/EPA ratio, can protect eyesight, improve intelligence, promote the metabolism of saturated fatty acid of a human body, reduce blood viscosity, strengthen blood circulation, and effectively prevent atherosclerosis, diabetes, gout, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
1. Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of corn, 30 parts of mulberry leaf, 24 parts of plantain herb, 8 parts of selfheal, 5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 2 parts of anemone, 2 parts of bone charcoal powder, 7 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 5 parts of fructus cannabis and 0.5 part of walnut shell powder.
2. Pulverizing the above materials, mixing, adding warm water and oleum Olivarum, stirring, granulating, drying, and recording to obtain compound feed.
Example 2
1. Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of corn, 30 parts of mulberry leaf, 24 parts of plantain herb, 8 parts of selfheal, 5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 3 parts of anemone, 2 parts of bone charcoal powder, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 7 parts of fructus cannabis and 0.5 part of walnut shell powder.
2. Pulverizing the above materials, mixing, adding warm water and oleum Olivarum, stirring, granulating, drying, and recording to obtain compound feed.
Example 3
1. Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of clostridium butyricum, 5 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, 4 parts of enterococcus faecalis, 11 parts of yeast, 12 parts of collard ethanol extract, 14 parts of maltose syrup, 2 parts of fructooligosaccharide and 26 parts of soybean meal.
2. Inoculating the activated clostridium butyricum into a 500mL triangular flask filled with 100mL of fermentation medium A, and carrying out heat preservation culture for 2d to obtain a clostridium butyricum liquid strain; and obtaining the liquid strain of the lactobacillus rhamnosus and the liquid strain of the enterococcus faecalis in the same way. Mixing soybean meal with yeast, collard ethanol extract, maltose syrup and fructo-oligosaccharide, adjusting water content to 35%, and inoculating the above three liquid strains to obtain microecological preparation.
Example 4
1. Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of clostridium butyricum, 4 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, 10 parts of enterococcus faecalis, 11 parts of yeast, 10 parts of collard ethanol extract, 14 parts of maltose syrup, 4 parts of fructooligosaccharide and 26 parts of soybean meal.
2. Inoculating the activated clostridium butyricum into a 500mL triangular flask filled with 100mL of fermentation medium A, and carrying out heat preservation culture for 2d to obtain a clostridium butyricum liquid strain; and obtaining the lactobacillus rhamnosus liquid strain and the enterococcus faecalis liquid strain in the same way. Mixing soybean meal with yeast, collard ethanol extract, maltose syrup and fructo-oligosaccharide, adjusting water content to 35%, and inoculating the above three liquid strains to obtain microecological preparation.
Examples 5 to 9
1. A chick stage, wherein the breeding is limited in a chicken house: selecting healthy Taihe black-bone chicken which are hulled and have no defect and are 1-3 days later, breeding the Taihe black-bone chicken in a chicken house for 54 days, controlling the temperature in the chicken house to be 37 ℃ from the first day, and then reducing the temperature to room temperature by 0.4 ℃ every day and keeping the temperature unchanged; the chick stage feeding method specifically comprises the following steps: feeding basic grain granules and plant polysaccharide water (the mixture liquid ratio of the plant polysaccharide water is 1.
2. A pre-stocking stage, wherein the breeding is alternately carried out in a chicken house and a stocking grassland: selecting healthy and defect-free chickens bred in a chick stage, transferring the chickens into a stocking grassland at intervals for trial breeding, wherein the breeding time of the chick stage is 132 days, and the stocking time ratio is gradually increased along with the breeding time; the feeding method in the pre-stocking stage comprises the following specific steps: the whole stage is fed by doping the microecologics with the compound feed. (Can be used as a commercial chicken)
3. A cultivation stage, wherein cultivation is carried out in a stocking forest land: selecting healthy and flawless chickens bred in a pre-stocking stage, and breeding for 40 days (stocking density is 10 per square meter) in a mulberry garden to finally obtain Taihe black-boned chickens as commodities; the feeding method in the breeding stage comprises the following specific steps: and the whole stage is fed by doping a microecological preparation with a commercially available complete material.
The specific feeding method is shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
Commercial broilers and commercial Taihe black-boned chickens obtained by the breeding method of the embodiment are detected for DHA and EPA contents of chicken breast meat, and the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2
Comparative example 1
The cultivation method of example 5 was followed except that the plant polysaccharide water fed at the chick stage was replaced with 4% by mass of white sugar water.
Comparative example 2
The cultivation method of example 5 was referred to, except that the amount of the microbial ecological agent to be added at the growth stage was changed to 0.65%.
Comparative example 3
The cultivation method of example 5 was referred to, except that the amount of the microbial ecological agent to be mixed in the pre-stocking stage was changed to 1.15%.
Comparative example 4
1. Referring to the preparation method of example 3, except that the ethanol extract of kale and fructooligosaccharide were not added, a microecological preparation was prepared.
2. The microecologics prepared as described above were used to conduct breeding experiments with reference to the breeding method of example 5.
Commercial broilers and commercial Taihe black-boned chickens are obtained according to the comparative breeding method, the DHA and EPA contents of the chicken breast meat are detected, and the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3
| DHA content | EPA content | DHA/EPA | |
| Comparative example 1 chick | 428mg/100g | 41mg/100g | 10.439 |
| Comparative example 1 adult chicken | 336mg/100g | 119mg/100g | 2.823 |
| Comparative example 2 chick | 542mg/100g | 49mg/100g | 11.061 |
| Comparative example 2 adult chicken | 561mg/100g | 52mg/100g | 10.788 |
| Comparative example 3 chick | 294mg/100g | 122mg/100g | 2.410 |
| Comparative example 3 adult chicken | 305mg/100g | 147mg/100g | 2.075 |
| Comparative example 4 chick | 342mg/100g | 35mg/100g | 9.771 |
| Comparative example 4 adult chicken | 317mg/100g | 44mg/100g | 7.205 |
As can be seen from the detection data in tables 2 and 3, the culture method provided by the invention can significantly increase the content of DHA and EPA in Taihe black-boned chickens, and can well regulate the proportion of DHA and EPA, so that the finally obtained adult chickens can be well applied to prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, diabetes, gout, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and have good market competitiveness.
The embodiments described above merely represent some preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and detail, but are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The breeding method of the black-bone chickens rich in brain gold Thai is characterized by comprising the following three stages:
1) A chick stage, wherein the breeding is limited in a chicken house: selecting healthy Taihe black-bone chicken which are flawless and have no shell for 1-3 days, culturing the Taihe black-bone chicken in a chicken house for 50-55 days, controlling the temperature in the chicken house to be 35-38 ℃ from the first day, and then reducing the temperature to be 0.4 ℃ every day until the temperature is room temperature and keeping the temperature unchanged;
the feeding method in the chick stage comprises the following specific steps: feeding basic grain granules and plant polysaccharide water every day within one week after starting, and then feeding the composite feed doped with the microecologics and free drinking water; the doping amount of the microecologics in the compound feed fed by the chicks at the chick stage is 0.40-0.65%;
2) A pre-stocking stage, wherein the breeding is alternately carried out in a chicken house and a stocking grassland: selecting healthy and defect-free chickens bred in the stage 1), transferring into a stocking grassland at intervals for trial breeding, wherein the breeding time of the stage is 125-135 days, and the stocking time ratio is gradually increased along with the breeding time;
the feeding method in the pre-stocking stage comprises the following specific steps: the compound feed is doped with a microecological preparation for feeding in the whole stage; the doping amount of the microecologics in the composite feed fed in the pre-stocking stage is 0.55-0.70%;
3) A cultivation stage, wherein cultivation is carried out in a stocking forest land: selecting healthy and flawless chickens bred in the step 2), and breeding for 35-45 days in a stocking forest land to finally obtain Taihe black-bone chickens;
the feeding method in the breeding stage comprises the following specific steps: the whole stage is fed by doping a microecological preparation with a commercially available complete material; the doping amount of the microecologics in the market complete feed fed in the breeding stage is 1.10-1.20%;
the compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of corn, 20-35 parts of mulberry leaf, 15-25 parts of plantain herb, 5-10 parts of selfheal, 5-7 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 2-3 parts of anemone, 1-4 parts of charcoal powder, 5-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 5-7 parts of fructus cannabis and 0.5-1 part of walnut shell powder;
the microecological preparation is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-12 parts of clostridium butyricum, 2-6 parts of lactobacillus rhamnosus, 4-10 parts of enterococcus faecalis, 8-15 parts of yeast, 10-12 parts of collard ethanol extract, 10-18 parts of maltose syrup, 2-4 parts of fructooligosaccharide and 20-30 parts of soybean meal.
2. The method for cultivating Naohuangtai and black-bone chickens according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the plant polysaccharide water in the chick stage in the step 1) is 1; the plant polysaccharide is prepared by mixing ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and spirulina polysaccharide according to equal mass ratio.
3. The method for cultivating Naohuangtai and Wuji chickens according to claim 1, wherein the chickens obtained from the pre-stocking step 2) are also used as commercial chicks; the DHA content of the commercial chick is not less than 450mg/100g, and the DHA/EPA ratio is 10.5-14.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stocking area in step 3) is a mulberry field, and the stocking density of Taihe black-bone chickens in the mulberry field is not higher than 12 chickens per square meter.
5. The method for cultivating the chickens rich in brain gold Thai and the black-bone chickens according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of DHA/EPA in the commercial Thai and the black-bone chickens is 2.5-3.
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