CN114705093B - Tunnel drilling layout method for fine blasting control - Google Patents
Tunnel drilling layout method for fine blasting control Download PDFInfo
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- CN114705093B CN114705093B CN202210515096.XA CN202210515096A CN114705093B CN 114705093 B CN114705093 B CN 114705093B CN 202210515096 A CN202210515096 A CN 202210515096A CN 114705093 B CN114705093 B CN 114705093B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/18—Plugs for boreholes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel drilling layout method for fine blasting control, which comprises the steps of firstly measuring pay-off, arranging blastholes, then designing single excavation length according to distribution of surrounding rock grades of a tunnel, drilling blastholes with corresponding depth according to the excavation length, setting different explosive amounts according to different surrounding rock grades of the tunnel and different single excavation lengths, and finally filling blastholes. According to the invention, corresponding depth blastholes are drilled aiming at surrounding rocks of different grades, and then the filling quantity and the blasthole blocking length are adjusted, so that smooth blasting is realized for the tunnel, the surrounding rocks of the tunnel are protected, the disturbance of blasting vibration on the surrounding rocks is reduced to the greatest extent, the blasting quality of the tunnel is improved, and the working time of working procedures such as tunnel drilling, slag tapping, danger elimination and the like is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel drilling layout method for refined blasting control.
Background
The tunnel currently constructed in China is usually constructed by adopting a drilling and blasting method. The drilling and blasting method is a main means of tunneling at present because the drilling and blasting method has strong adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation cost, and is particularly suitable for the construction of hard rock tunnels, broken rock tunnels and a large number of short tunnels. However, in the existing blasting mode, the hole is drilled directly according to a unified construction method, then the hole is blasted by filling the hole with the explosive, and the blasting vibration greatly disturbs surrounding rocks of different grades.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a tunnel drilling layout method for refined blasting control, aiming at surrounding rocks of different grades, drilling blastholes with corresponding depths, and then adjusting the filling quantity and the blocking length of the blastholes, so that smooth blasting is realized for a tunnel, surrounding rocks of the tunnel are protected, disturbance of blasting vibration on the surrounding rocks is reduced to the greatest extent, the blasting quality of the tunnel is improved, and the working time of working procedures such as tunnel drilling, slag tapping, danger discharging and the like is reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a tunnel drilling layout method for fine blasting control specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Measuring and paying off, arranging a blasthole: arranging peripheral eyes along the edge of the contour line of the blasted tunnel face, arranging two circles of eyes along the contour line and arranging a slitting blast hole in a slitting area positioned at the inner side of the two circles of eyes;
(2) Drilling: according to the distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock level, the value of the single excavation length is as follows: the single excavation length of the V-level surrounding rock is 1.0-1.3 m, the single excavation length of the IV-level surrounding rock is 2.8-3.2 m, and the single excavation length of the III-level surrounding rock and the II-level surrounding rock is 3-4 m; according to the excavation length, drilling blastholes with corresponding depths, wherein when the blastholes are drilled, the drilling diameters of the peripheral holes and the two circles of blastholes are smaller than those of the slitting blastholes, namely the diameter difference between the outer diameter of the explosive and the peripheral holes or the diameter difference between the outer diameter of the explosive and the diameter of the slitting blastholes are smaller than that of the explosive;
(3) Charging: setting different explosive amounts according to different levels of surrounding rocks of the tunnel and different single excavation lengths; the peripheral holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.1 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.4-0.6 meter, and detonating cords are adopted between the explosive sections to be connected in series; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.15-0.25 meter, and explosive detonating cords are adopted to connect in series; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
(4) And (3) stemming: for the peripheral eyes and the two circles of eyes, the length of the filling sealing mud is not less than 0.3m; for a slitting blasthole: when the depth of the blasthole is 0.6-1m, the length of the stemming for filling the blasthole is not less than half of the depth of the blasthole; when the depth of the blasthole is 1-2.5m, the length of the stemming for filling the blasthole is not less than 0.5m; when the depth of the blasthole exceeds 2.5m, the length of the stemming of the blasthole is not less than 1m.
In the step (2), the drilling depth of the blasthole is the excavation length plus 0.4-0.6 m according to the excavation length.
The diameters of the holes of the peripheral hole and the two circles of holes are equal, the diameter of the hole of the peripheral hole is 4-6cm smaller than that of the hole of the cut-out gun hole, and the diameters of the peripheral hole, the two circles of holes and the hole of the cut-out gun hole all meet the requirement that the explosive adopts a uncoupled charging mode.
In the step (3), the loading amounts of the surrounding rocks in different levels are respectively as follows:
v-stage surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 1.0-1.3 m, the explosive is distributed according to the length of one section of 0.1 m by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging by surrounding holes, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.4-0.6 m, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosive; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.18-0.22 meter, and explosive detonating cords are adopted to connect in series; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
grade IV surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 2.8-3.2 meters, the explosive is distributed according to the length of one section of 0.1 meter by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging by the peripheral holes, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.55-0.6 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for connecting the explosive in series; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.15-0.18 meter, and explosive detonating cords are adopted to connect in series; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
class iii and class ii surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 3-4 meters, the explosive is distributed according to the length of one section of 0.1 meter by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging by the peripheral holes, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.4-0.55 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosive; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.15-0.25 meter, and explosive detonating cords are adopted to connect in series; the slitting blast hole is filled with explosive in a uncoupled continuous state.
The peripheral hole, the two rings of holes and the slitting blasthole are blasted by adopting a non-electric nano second detonator detonation mode and an electric detonator detonation mode.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The drilling diameters of the traditional peripheral hole, the two circles of holes and the cut blasthole are consistent, the drilling diameter is larger, and after the explosive cartridge is filled in the blasthole, the explosive cartridge cannot be closely attached to the hole wall well, and detonation wave loss is easily caused during detonation, so that the blasting effect is influenced. According to the invention, the gaps among the peripheral hole, the hole walls of the two circles of holes and the explosive are reduced, so that detonation wave loss is reduced, the blasting quality of smooth blasting of the tunnel is improved, and the purpose of shortening the construction period is achieved.
(2) The invention adopts a uncoupled spaced charging mode, adjusts and optimizes charging structures of the peripheral eyes and the two circles of eyes, greatly improves the smooth blasting effect of the tunnel, reduces the danger eliminating time of the tunnel face after the tunnel blasting, and reduces the quality defect rate of the lining of the tunnel along the primary supporting face of the tunnel. The smooth blasting of the tunnel not only effectively shortens the single-cycle operation time of the tunnel, but also plays an obvious role in promoting the aspects of safety quality, cost control, progress management and the like of the tunnel, greatly shortens the tunnel construction period and improves the linking capacity of tunnel procedures.
(3) When the blasthole is not blocked, the axial pressure in the blasthole greatly exceeds the transverse pressure, so that part of gas in the blasthole is dissipated in a space except air, stronger air shock waves are formed, and the blasting effect is not good; when the blast hole is excessively blocked, the gas in the blast hole is not flushed out, the action time of the gas is prolonged, but the phenomenon of door curtain hanging or poor smooth blasting quality can be generated by blasting. According to the invention, the length of the filling sealing mud of the cut blasthole is adjusted according to the surrounding rocks of different grades, so that the quality of smooth blasting is greatly improved, and the blasting effect is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the blasthole arrangement of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the structure of the v-stage surrounding rock peripheral eye charge packing of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the v-stage surrounding rock two-ring hole charge packing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A tunnel drilling layout method for fine blasting control specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) See fig. 1, survey pay-off, placement blasthole: the method comprises the steps of arranging peripheral eyes 1 along the edge of a contour line of a blasted tunnel face, arranging two circles of eyes 2 along the contour line, wherein the distance between adjacent peripheral eyes 1 is 0.5m, and arranging a slitting blast hole 3 in a slitting area positioned at the inner side of the two circles of eyes 2, wherein the distance between adjacent peripheral eyes 2 is 1m;
(2) Drilling: according to the distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock level, the value of the single excavation length is as follows: the single excavation length of the V-class surrounding rock is 1.2 meters, the single excavation length of the IV-class surrounding rock is 3 meters, and the single excavation length of the III-class surrounding rock and the II-class surrounding rock is 3-4 meters; according to the excavation length, the drilling depth of the borehole is the excavation length plus 0.5 meter, when the borehole is drilled, the adopted explosive is the emulsion explosive with the outer diameter phi 32mm, the peripheral borehole and the two circles of the borehole are drilled by adopting a drill bit with the diameter phi 38mm, the drilling diameter is 46mm, the slotting borehole is drilled by adopting a drill bit with the diameter phi 42mm, and the drilling diameter is 50mm;
(3) Charging: according to the different levels of surrounding rocks of the tunnel and the single excavation length, the loading amounts of the surrounding rocks of different levels are respectively as follows:
v-stage surrounding rock: referring to fig. 2, the single excavation length is 1.2 meters, the peripheral holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive 4 is distributed according to the length of 0.1 meter section, the distance between each explosive 3 and the muzzle of the corresponding muzzle is 0.59 meter, the distance between every two adjacent sections of explosive 4 is 0.41 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for serial connection between the explosives; referring to fig. 3, two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive 4 is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between each explosive 4 and the muzzle of the corresponding muzzle is 0.4 meter, the distance between every two adjacent sections of explosive 4 is 0.2 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosives; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
grade IV surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 3 meters, four sections of explosive are distributed according to the length of 0.1 meter section by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging, the distance between each two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.8 meter, and the explosive is connected in series by adopting a detonating cord; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, six sections of explosive are distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between the explosive and the muzzle of the gun hole is 0.4 meter, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.16 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosive; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
class iii surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 3 meters, the peripheral holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, five sections of explosive are distributed according to the length of 0.1 meter section, the distance between the explosive and the muzzle of the muzzle is 0.8 meter, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.43 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosive; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, six sections of explosive are distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between the explosive and the muzzle of the gun hole is 0.4 meter, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.16 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosive; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
class ii surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 4 meters, six sections of explosive are distributed according to the length of 0.1 meter section by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging, the distance between each two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.8 meter, and the explosive is connected in series by adopting a detonating cord; seven sections of explosive are distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging, the distance between each two sections of explosive and the muzzle of the muzzle is 0.4 meter, the distance between every two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.25 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for serial connection between the explosive; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
(4) And (3) stemming: for both the peripheral eye and the two-ring eye, the length of the stuffing seal mud 5 (see fig. 2 and 3) is 0.3m; for a slitting blasthole: when the depth of the blasthole is 1.2m, the length of the stemming for stemming is 0.5m; when the depth of the blasthole is 3 meters, the length of the stemming for filling the blasthole is 1m; when the depth of the blasthole is 4 meters, the length of the stemming is 1.5m.
(5) The peripheral hole, the two ring holes and the slitting blasthole are blasted by adopting a non-electric nano second detonator detonation mode and an electric detonator detonation mode.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A tunnel drilling layout method for fine blasting control is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Measuring and paying off, arranging a blasthole: arranging peripheral eyes along the edge of the contour line of the blasted tunnel face, arranging two circles of eyes along the contour line and arranging a slitting blast hole in a slitting area positioned at the inner side of the two circles of eyes;
(2) Drilling: according to the distribution of the tunnel surrounding rock level, the value of the single excavation length is as follows: the single excavation length of the V-level surrounding rock is 1.0-1.3 m, the single excavation length of the IV-level surrounding rock is 2.8-3.2 m, and the single excavation length of the III-level surrounding rock and the II-level surrounding rock is 3-4 m; according to the excavation length, drilling blastholes with corresponding depths, wherein when the blastholes are drilled, the drilling diameters of the peripheral holes and the two circles of blastholes are smaller than those of the slitting blastholes, namely the diameter difference between the outer diameter of the explosive and the peripheral holes or the diameter difference between the outer diameter of the explosive and the diameter of the slitting blastholes are smaller than that of the explosive;
(3) Charging: according to the different levels of surrounding rocks of the tunnel and the single excavation length, the loading amounts of the surrounding rocks of different levels are respectively as follows:
v-stage surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 1.0-1.3 m, the explosive is distributed according to the length of one section of 0.1 m by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging by surrounding holes, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.4-0.6 m, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosive; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.18-0.22 meter, and explosive detonating cords are adopted to connect in series; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
grade IV surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 2.8-3.2 meters, the explosive is distributed according to the length of one section of 0.1 meter by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging by the peripheral holes, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.55-0.6 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for connecting the explosive in series; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.15-0.18 meter, and explosive detonating cords are adopted to connect in series; filling explosive into the slitting blasthole in a uncoupled continuous state;
class iii and class ii surrounding rock: the single excavation length is 3-4 meters, the explosive is distributed according to the length of one section of 0.1 meter by adopting a mode of uncoupled spaced explosive charging by the peripheral holes, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.4-0.55 meter, and detonating cords are adopted for series connection between the explosive; the two circles of holes adopt a mode of uncoupled spaced charge, explosive is distributed according to the length of 0.3 meter section, the distance between two adjacent sections of explosive is 0.15-0.25 meter, and explosive detonating cords are adopted to connect in series; the slitting blasthole is filled with explosive in a uncoupled continuous state
(4) And (3) stemming: for the peripheral eyes and the two circles of eyes, the length of the filling sealing mud is not less than 0.3m; for a slitting blasthole: when the depth of the blasthole is 0.6-1m, the length of the stemming for filling the blasthole is not less than half of the depth of the blasthole; when the depth of the blasthole is 1-2.5m, the length of the stemming for filling the blasthole is not less than 0.5m; when the depth of the blasthole exceeds 2.5m, the length of the stemming of the blasthole is not less than 1m.
2. The tunnel boring layout method for fine blasting control according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the drilling depth of the blasthole is the excavation length plus 0.4-0.6 m according to the excavation length.
3. The tunnel boring layout method for fine blasting control according to claim 1, wherein: the diameters of the holes of the peripheral hole and the two circles of holes are equal, the diameter of the hole of the peripheral hole is 4-6cm smaller than that of the hole of the cut-out gun hole, and the diameters of the peripheral hole, the two circles of holes and the hole of the cut-out gun hole all meet the requirement that the explosive adopts a uncoupled charging mode.
4. The tunnel boring layout method for fine blasting control according to claim 1, wherein: the peripheral hole, the two rings of holes and the slitting blasthole are blasted by adopting a non-electric nano second detonator detonation mode and an electric detonator detonation mode.
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