CN114166082A - Tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure and construction process - Google Patents
Tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure and construction process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166082A CN114166082A CN202111508111.XA CN202111508111A CN114166082A CN 114166082 A CN114166082 A CN 114166082A CN 202111508111 A CN202111508111 A CN 202111508111A CN 114166082 A CN114166082 A CN 114166082A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention relates to a tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure and a construction process. The tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure comprises a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, peripheral holes, a bottom plate hole and an advanced drilling hole; the tunnel drilling machine comprises a tunnel section, a tunnel boring hole, an auxiliary hole, a pilot drilling hole, peripheral holes and a drilling head, wherein the tunnel section is provided with a central line; the bottom plate hole is arranged at the bottom of the section of the tunnel. The advanced drilling hole combination is applied to the tunneling of the tunnel to accurately control the blasting structure, the advanced drilling hole is fully utilized as a main blasting hole, and the blasting is participated in by adopting a small concentrated explosive package mode, so that the drilling operation of the main blasting hole is reduced, the utilization rate of the blasting hole is improved, the construction progress is improved, the problems of serious overbreak and underexcavation and construction waste caused by the traditional smooth blasting are solved, and the method has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure and a construction process.
Background
In the construction of tunnels, the drilling and blasting method has played an irreplaceable role. The traditional smooth blasting operation is simple, but the over-under excavation of surrounding rocks is not well controlled, so that the overall construction progress is slow. With the continuous improvement of the quality requirements of China, the exploration of an efficient and environment-friendly drilling and blasting construction process is urgently needed. The southwest region is usually shown as a karst landform, tunnel excavation is mainly performed on class III and class IV surrounding rocks, and lithology is limestone. The Baijiashan tunnel is in a karst landform and often shows engineering geological problems such as karst, bedding bias and the like, so that the field has higher requirements on the photo-explosion effect. Traditional smooth blasting leads to stress wave intensity to reduce because the air in the compression porthole, to no jam loaded constitution, more can lose inflation gas shock wave, and then causes the overexcavation too big and bore a hole process consuming time longer, the material waste is very serious. The tunnel primary support and the inverted arch lining are large in deficiency. The whole over-consumption is serious, and the main reason is caused by over-digging and serious waste. Due to uneven excavation and serious over-under excavation, time consumption, material consumption and great potential safety hazards are caused to the subsequent procedures, the subsequent waterproof board operation cannot be closely attached, the air-out is easy to cause, the difficulty in treatment is high, and the potential hazards are easy to remain.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precisely controlled blasting structure and a construction process, so as to solve the technical problems of serious overbreak and underexcavation and construction waste caused by the conventional smooth blasting in the prior art.
The invention provides a tunnel advance drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure, which comprises a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, peripheral holes, a bottom plate hole and advance drilling holes, wherein the cut hole is formed in the bottom plate hole; the tunnel drilling machine comprises a tunnel section, a tunnel boring hole, an auxiliary hole, a pilot drilling hole, peripheral holes and a drilling head, wherein the tunnel section is provided with a central line; the bottom plate hole is arranged at the bottom of the section of the tunnel.
The second aspect of the invention provides a construction process for accurately controlling blasting by a combination of advanced drilling holes of a tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
designing light explosion, lofting and arranging holes, positioning and opening holes, drilling holes, cleaning holes, charging, connecting an initiation network, initiating explosion, ventilating and checking the light explosion effect; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the light explosion design comprises: according to the tunnel advanced drilling hole combination provided by the first aspect of the invention, the blasting structure is used for accurately controlling the distribution, the quantity and the blasting parameters of blast holes;
the continuous detonation network comprises: using a non-electric millisecond detonator detonating tube to perform detonating network connection by taking 10-20 holes as a cluster, and adopting a parallel-series network; blasting holes of the arch part and the side wall adopt detonating cords as detonating cords, and other blasting holes adopt detonating tube leads; the number of the connecting sections of various blasthole detonators is the same, the same section is detonated simultaneously, and the different section is detonated in relay.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the advanced drilling hole combination is applied to the tunneling of the tunnel to accurately control the blasting structure, the advanced drilling hole is fully utilized as a main blasting hole, and the blasting is participated in by adopting a small concentrated explosive package mode, so that the drilling operation of the main blasting hole is reduced, the utilization rate of the blasting hole is improved, the construction progress is improved, the problems of serious overbreak and underexcavation and construction waste caused by the traditional smooth blasting are solved, and the method has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a tunnel advanced drill hole combination precise control blasting structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tunnel advanced drilling hole combination provided by the invention for precisely controlling the drilling angle of a cutting hole in a blasting structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a peripheral hole charging structure in a tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary hole and bottom plate hole charging structure in the tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a slotted hole charging structure in a tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a charging structure of a pilot drill hole in a tunnel pilot drill hole combination precise control blasting structure provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a parallel-serial initiation network in a tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a first aspect of the present invention provides a tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precisely controlled blasting structure, which includes a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole, a bottom plate hole and an advanced drilling hole; the tunnel drilling machine comprises a tunnel section, a tunnel boring hole, an auxiliary hole, a pilot drilling hole, peripheral holes and a drilling head, wherein the tunnel section is provided with a central line; the bottom plate hole is arranged at the bottom of the section of the tunnel.
Furthermore, the advanced drilling holes are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the section of the tunnel, the number of the advanced drilling holes is 3-5, the diameter of each advanced drilling hole is 80-100 mm, and the depth of each advanced drilling hole is 20-40 m.
Furthermore, the number of the cutting holes is 15-25, the distance between every two adjacent cutting holes is 50-70 cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.4-3.8 m; the number of the auxiliary holes is 70-80, the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary holes is 50-100 cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.2-3.6 m; the number of the peripheral holes is 60-65, the distance between every two adjacent peripheral holes is 30-50 cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 0.8-3.4 m; the number of the bottom plate holes is 6-10, the distance between every two adjacent bottom plate holes is 160-200 cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3-3.4 m; the diameter of the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole is 40-50 mm.
Furthermore, the number of the cutting holes is 20, the distance between two adjacent cutting holes is 55cm or 70cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.6 m; the number of the auxiliary holes is 76, the distance between two adjacent auxiliary holes is 55cm, 80cm or 100cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.4 m; the number of the peripheral holes is 62, the distance between two adjacent peripheral holes is 40cm, the depth of the blast hole is 1m or 3.2m, and the two peripheral holes are distributed at intervals; the number of the bottom plate holes is 7, the distance between two adjacent bottom plate holes is 180cm, and the depth of the blast hole is 3.2 m; the diameters of the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole are 42 mm; the number of the advance drilling holes is 3, the diameter is 89mm, and the depth is 30 m.
Furthermore, the slope of the outer pins of the cutting hole, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the baseplate hole is less than 3%, and the outer pins of the advance drilling hole are 13-20 degrees. In some embodiments of the invention, the slot drilling angle is as shown in fig. 2.
Further, referring to fig. 3-6, the undercut hole, the auxiliary hole, the bottom plate hole and the advance drilling hole are all filled with concentrated charges and detonated reversely; the peripheral hole adopts uncoupled charge. The peripheral holes are filled with explosive through the separation holes, the middle hole between two adjacent explosive filling holes is used as a guide hole, and the explosive filling holes are used for properly increasing the explosive amount so as to reduce the consumption of initiation materials, reduce the workload of operation and save the cost. On the basis, only 1m of guide holes are drilled in the 3m of the advancing ruler, so that the drilling time is saved, and the labor consumption is reduced.
Furthermore, 2-3 water bags, 1 roll of explosive and 1 water bag are sequentially arranged in the peripheral hole from inside to outside; the slotting hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole are sequentially provided with 2-3 water bags, 3-5 coils of explosive, 2-3 water bags, 1 coil of explosive and 1 water bag from inside to outside; 2-3 water bags, 5-7 rolls of explosive, 2-3 water bags, 1 roll of explosive and 1 water bag are sequentially arranged in the advance drilling hole from inside to outside; the millisecond detonator is inserted into the explosive at the bottom of the blast hole. This structure powder charge form fills with the water bag entirely, has carried out accurate control to the super owing condition in tunnel, and the water bag plays the dust fall effect for the speed of dust fall of discharging fume after the blasting.
Furthermore, the single-hole loading amount of the slotted hole is 1.6-2.1 kg/hole, and further 1.8 kg/hole; the single-hole loading of the auxiliary hole is 1.2-1.8 kg/hole, further 1.2 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the peripheral hole is 0.9-1.2 kg/hole, further 0.9 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the baseplate hole is 0.7-1.1 kg/hole, further 0.9 kg/hole, and the single-hole loading of the pilot hole is 1.8-2.4 kg, further 2.1 kg/hole.
Furthermore, blasting the third-level surrounding rock of the tunnel twice, blasting the first time to go up the bench, and adopting 7-section delay blasting, wherein the blasting sequence is cut hole → auxiliary hole, advance drilling hole → peripheral hole → bottom plate hole, each blast hole adopts millisecond delay blasting detonator to jump and detonate, namely, 1-section delay is adopted for the cut hole, 5-section delay is adopted for the advance drilling hole, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11-section delay is adopted for the auxiliary hole, 11 and 13-section delay is adopted for the peripheral hole, and 13-section delay is adopted for the bottom plate hole.
The second aspect of the invention provides a construction process for accurately controlling blasting by a combination of advanced drilling holes of a tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a light explosion: and designing the distribution, the number and the blasting parameters of the blast holes.
S2, lofting cloth eyes; accurately determining a tunnel section central line and a point on an excavation contour line every 30-50 cm by using a total station, drawing the excavation contour line by using red paint, and marking the position of a blast hole, wherein the error of the position is not more than 5 cm; when the pay-off is measured each time, the last blasting section is checked, and the blasting parameters are adjusted in time to achieve the best blasting effect; step blasthole arrangement on the III-level surrounding rock is shown in figure 1, and the distance between the peripheral blastholes is 30-50 cm; the auxiliary eye distance is 50-100 cm; the distance between the cutting holes is 50-70 cm; the distance between the bottom plate holes is 160-200 cm; the number of the advanced drilling holes is 3-5, and the distance from the advanced drilling holes to the contour line of the section of the tunnel is 1.5-2 m; and making an obvious elevation identification point and accurately positioning the position of the blast hole.
And S3, positioning the open eye.
S4, drilling: by diameter
The drill bit drills holes, and the drilling holes must meet the following operation principle:
firstly, drilling a next cannon along a cannon mark of a previous cannon according to the hole distribution position except for the case of a residual hole;
and secondly, the number, the position, the depth and the slope of blasting blastholes in the drilling operation meet the drilling and blasting design requirements. The allowable error of the distance between the eye openings of the slotted holes and the distance between the eyegrounds is +/-5 cm; the tolerance of the auxiliary eye opening is +/-10 cm; the allowable error of the eye opening positions of peripheral eyes is +/-5 cm, and the eyeground cannot exceed the contour line of the excavated section by 15 cm;
and thirdly, when the drilling operation height exceeds 2.0m, an operation rack corresponding to the excavation section is required to be arranged. The tunnel must be underexcavated and when the surrounding rock is intact and hard, the lining is allowed to invade by individual protruding parts of rock (every 1 m)2Not more than 0.1m2Height no greater than 5 cm). The under-digging is strictly prohibited in the range of 1m above the arch springing and the wall springing. If the tunnel underexcavation exceeds the requirement, blasting is supplemented or air drilling is adopted for treatment before supporting;
fourthly, for the blast holes with the numbers, fixing the number of the blast holes drilled in the fixed area by operators, and arranging two operators for one YT-28, wherein the operators are skilled in sighting, the palm surface and the other support leg for stabilizing;
in general, 6 drilling machines are used for arch blast holes, 8 drilling machines are respectively used for a left side wall and a right side wall, and 1 drilling machine is used for a bottom hole;
s5, cleaning holes: before the drilling and charging, the mud and stone powder in the blast hole are blown clean by high-pressure air.
S6, charging: explosive: adopting explosives with low detonation velocity, low brisance, low density and high detonation force; detonator with detonating tube: a millisecond delay detonator is adopted, and a section is an instantaneous detonating tube detonator; an initiator: a detonating tube trigger (a common electric detonator initiator), an electric wire, a detonating needle, a front safety detonating tube, a booster detonating tube detonator and a detonating tube bundle are used; the hole-separating charging mode is adopted on site, and the peripheral holes with larger hole depth are fedThe powder is filled, and the peripheral holes with smaller hole depth are not filled with the powder and are used as guide holes; the peripheral holes are charged in a non-coupling mode, the coefficient of the non-coupling charge is 1.5-2.0 generally, and the charge of the blast holes is uniformly loaded into the blast holes according to the charge concentration calculated by the charge concentration; peripheral eye adoption
The small cartridges are loaded at intervals, the cartridges are cut according to the specification, the detonating cord is clamped in the cartridges, then the cartridges are sent into the holes, and the water bag is used for blocking the holes by about 30 cm; the explosive charging principle is that bottom reinforced explosive charging, middle spaced explosive charging, a small amount of explosive charging at the hole opening and detonating cord run through the whole blast hole. Arch part and side wall adopt
The emulsion explosive adopts uncoupled explosive charging, and the bottom plate is intensively charged with the explosive.
S7, connecting an initiation network: referring to fig. 7, after charging, a non-electric millisecond detonator detonating tube is used, and a parallel-series network is used for detonation network connection according to 10-20 holes as a cluster. The detonation network adopts a duplex network to ensure the reliability and accuracy of detonation; blasting holes of the arch part and the side wall adopt detonating cords as detonating cords, and other blasting holes adopt detonating tube leads; the detonating tube can not be knotted and stretched, the number of the connecting sections of various blasthole detonators is the same, the detonating is carried out simultaneously in the same section, and the relay detonating is carried out in different sections; the detonating detonator is bound at a position 15cm away from the free end of a detonating tube by using an insulating adhesive tape, the energy-gathering holes face back to the detonating direction, and a specially-assigned person needs to check and then detonate after the detonating network is connected.
S8, initiating: after checking and confirming that no errors exist, dragging the excavation rack to a distance which is at least 50m away from the excavation working face, and putting a construction machine tool into the position which is 50m away from the excavation working face; after the personnel evacuate to the safe distance, the detonation can be carried out.
S9, ventilation: after the blasting, in time discharge fume, after the cigarette of working face was arranged to the greatest extent, organize the special messenger and get rid of the danger stone, follow outside-in, by the arch to the principle of arranging the danger of side wall, the special messenger is responsible for, ensures construction safety.
S10, inspecting the effect of the light explosion: and evaluating the blasting result by technicians and the excavation team leader, and adjusting the blasting operation parameters and updating the reserved deformation in time so as to facilitate the development of the blasting effect to a better direction.
Furthermore, after the initiation network is connected, a specially-assigned person needs to be responsible for checking and then initiating, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the blasting design scheme, the blasting detonator is used for sequentially checking to each blast hole along the blasting section, and the phenomena of missing connection, misconnection and false connection exist.
Furthermore, in the construction process, bamboo strips are manufactured, the length of the bamboo strips is generally smaller than the depth of the holes by about 30cm, and electric adhesive tapes and the medical rolls are used for binding. The distance of the explosive cartridge is easier to control by manufacturing the bamboo strip, the spaced charging of peripheral holes is realized, the diameter of the explosive cartridge is controlled, and an uncoupled charging structure is fully formed.
Furthermore, in the construction process, a stemming machine specially-assigned person is adopted to produce the stemming, and the diameter of the mud strip is generally slightly larger than that of the formed hole so as to plug the blast hole.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment provides a tunnel advance drilling hole combination precisely controlled blasting structure, which includes a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole, a bottom plate hole and an advance drilling hole; the tunnel drilling machine comprises a tunnel section, a tunnel boring hole, an auxiliary hole, a pilot drilling hole, peripheral holes and a drilling head, wherein the tunnel section is provided with a central line; the bottom plate hole is arranged at the bottom of the section of the tunnel.
Wherein the number of the cutting holes is 20, the distance between two adjacent cutting holes is 55cm or 70cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.6 m; the number of the auxiliary holes is 76, the distance between two adjacent auxiliary holes is 55cm, 80cm or 100cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.4 m; the number of the peripheral holes is 62, the distance between two adjacent peripheral holes is 40cm, the depth of the blast hole is 1m or 3.2m, and the two peripheral holes are distributed at intervals; the number of the bottom plate holes is 7, the distance between two adjacent bottom plate holes is 180cm, and the depth of the blast hole is 3.2 m; the diameters of the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole are 42 mm; the advanced drilling holes are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the section of the tunnel, the number of the advanced drilling holes is 3, the diameter of the advanced drilling holes is 89mm, and the depth of the advanced drilling holes is 30 m.
Wherein, the slope of the outer pins of the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole is less than 3 percent, and the outer pins of the advance drilling hole are 13-20 degrees.
Wherein, the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the bottom plate hole and the advance drilling hole are all filled with concentrated charges and detonated reversely; the peripheral hole adopts uncoupled charge. The peripheral holes are filled with medicine through the separating holes, and the middle hole between two adjacent medicine filling holes is used as a guide hole. On the basis, only 1m of guide holes are drilled in the 3m of the advancing ruler.
Wherein, the peripheral hole is sequentially provided with 2 water bags, 1 coil of explosive, 3 water bags, 1 coil of explosive and 1 water bag from inside to outside; the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole are sequentially provided with 2 water bags, 3-4 coils of explosive, 3 water bags, 1 coil of explosive and 1 water bag from inside to outside; the slotting hole is sequentially provided with 2 water bags, 4-5 coils of explosive, 3 water bags, 1 coil of explosive and 1 water bag from inside to outside; 2 water bags, 6 rolls of explosive, 3 water bags, 1 roll of explosive and 1 water bag are sequentially arranged in the advance drilling hole from inside to outside; the millisecond detonator is inserted into the explosive at the bottom of the blast hole.
Wherein the single-hole loading of the cutting hole is 1.8 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the auxiliary hole is 1.2 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the peripheral holes is 0.9 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the baseplate hole is 0.9 kg/hole, and the single-hole loading of the pilot drilling hole is 2.1 kg/hole.
The tunnel III-grade surrounding rock is detonated twice, the tunnel III-grade surrounding rock is detonated for the first time, 7-section delay detonation is adopted, the detonation sequence is that the cut hole → the auxiliary hole, the pilot drill hole → the peripheral hole → the bottom plate hole, each blast hole is detonated by a millisecond delay detonating detonator section, namely, the cut hole is delayed for 1 section, the pilot drill hole is delayed for 5 sections, the auxiliary hole is delayed for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 sections, the peripheral hole is delayed for 11 and 13 sections, and the bottom plate hole is delayed for 13 sections.
The embodiment also provides a construction process for accurately controlling blasting by combining the advance drilling holes of the tunnel, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) and (3) designing a light explosion: and designing the distribution, the number and the blasting parameters of the blast holes.
(2) Laying out cloth eyes; accurately determining a tunnel section central line and a point on each 40cm excavation contour line by using a total station, drawing the excavation contour line by using red paint, and marking the position of a blast hole, wherein the error of the position is not more than 5 cm; when the pay-off is measured each time, the last blasting section is checked, and the blasting parameters are adjusted in time to achieve the best blasting effect; step blasthole arrangement on the III-level surrounding rock is shown in figure 1, and the distance between peripheral holes is 40 cm; the auxiliary eye distance is 55cm, 80cm or 100 cm; the distance between the cutting holes is 55 or 70cm, and the distance between the bottom plate holes is 180 cm; the number of the advanced drilling holes is 3, the advanced drilling holes are arranged in an isosceles triangle, and the distance from the profile line of the section of the tunnel is 1.5-2 m; and making an obvious elevation identification point and accurately positioning the position of the blast hole.
(3) And positioning the open eye.
(4) Drilling a hole: by diameter
The drill bit drills holes, and the drilling holes must meet the following operation principle:
firstly, drilling a next cannon along a cannon mark of a previous cannon according to the hole distribution position except for the case of a residual hole;
and secondly, the number, the position, the depth and the slope of blasting blastholes in the drilling operation meet the drilling and blasting design requirements. The allowable error of the distance between the eye openings of the slotted holes and the distance between the eyegrounds is +/-5 cm; the tolerance of the auxiliary eye opening is +/-10 cm; the allowable error of the eye opening positions of peripheral eyes is +/-5 cm, and the eyeground cannot exceed the contour line of the excavated section by 15 cm;
and thirdly, when the drilling operation height exceeds 2.0m, an operation rack corresponding to the excavation section is required to be arranged. The tunnel must be underexcavated and when the surrounding rock is intact and hard, the lining is allowed to invade by individual protruding parts of rock (every 1 m)2Not more than 0.1m2Height no greater than 5 cm). The under-digging is strictly prohibited in the range of 1m above the arch springing and the wall springing. If the tunnel underexcavation exceeds the requirement, blasting is supplemented or air drilling is adopted for treatment before supporting;
fourthly, for the blast holes with the numbers, fixing the number of the blast holes drilled in the fixed area by operators, and arranging two operators for one YT-28, wherein the operators are skilled in sighting, the palm surface and the other support leg for stabilizing;
in general, 6 drilling machines are used for arch blast holes, 8 drilling machines are respectively used for a left side wall and a right side wall, and 1 drilling machine is used for a bottom hole;
(5) hole cleaning: before the drilling and charging, the mud and stone powder in the blast hole are blown clean by high-pressure air.
(6) Charging: explosive: adopting explosives with low detonation velocity, low brisance, low density and high detonation force; detonator with detonating tube: a millisecond delay detonator is adopted, and a section is an instantaneous detonating tube detonator; an initiator: a detonating tube trigger (a common electric detonator initiator), an electric wire, a detonating needle, a front safety detonating tube, a booster detonating tube detonator and a detonating tube bundle are used; the hole-separating charging mode is adopted on site, the peripheral holes with larger hole depth charge, and the peripheral holes with smaller hole depth do not charge the charge and are used as guide holes; the peripheral holes are charged in a non-coupling mode, the coefficient of the non-coupling charge is 1.5-2.0 generally, and the charge of the blast holes is uniformly loaded into the blast holes according to the charge concentration calculated by the charge concentration; peripheral eye adoption
The small cartridges are loaded at intervals, the cartridges are cut according to the specification, the detonating cord is clamped in the cartridges, then the cartridges are sent into the holes, and the water bag is used for blocking the holes by about 30 cm; the explosive charging principle is that bottom reinforced explosive charging, middle spaced explosive charging, a small amount of explosive charging at the hole opening and detonating cord run through the whole blast hole. Arch part and side wall adopt
The emulsion explosive adopts uncoupled explosive charging, and the bottom plate is intensively charged with the explosive. During the medicine charging process, bamboo strips are manufactured, the length of the bamboo strips is preferably about 30cm smaller than the depth of the holes, and the bamboo strips are bound with the medicine rolls by electric adhesive tapes. The distance of the explosive cartridge is easier to control by manufacturing the bamboo strip, so that the spaced charging of peripheral holes is realized, the diameter of the explosive cartridge is controlled, and an uncoupled charging structure is fully formed; the stemming is produced by a stemming machine specially-assigned person, and the diameter of the stemming strip is generally slightly larger than that of a formed hole so as to plug the blast hole.
(7) And (3) connecting a detonation network: referring to fig. 7, after charging, a non-electric millisecond detonator detonating tube is used, and a parallel-series network is used for detonation network connection according to 10-20 holes as a cluster. The detonation network adopts a duplex network to ensure the reliability and accuracy of detonation; blasting holes of the arch part and the side wall adopt detonating cords as detonating cords, and other blasting holes adopt detonating tube leads; the detonating tube can not be knotted and stretched, the number of the connecting sections of various blasthole detonators is the same, the detonating is carried out simultaneously in the same section, and the relay detonating is carried out in different sections; the detonating cap is bound at a position 15cm away from the free end of a detonating tube by using an insulating adhesive tape, energy gathering holes are back to the detonating direction, and a specially-assigned person is responsible for checking and then detonating after the detonating network is connected, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the blasting design scheme, the blasting detonator is used for sequentially checking to each blast hole along the blasting section, and the phenomena of missing connection, misconnection and false connection exist.
(8) Detonating: after checking and confirming that no errors exist, dragging the excavation rack to a distance which is at least 50m away from the excavation working face, and putting a construction machine tool into the position which is 50m away from the excavation working face; after the personnel evacuate to the safe distance, the detonation can be carried out.
(9) Ventilating: after the blasting, in time discharge fume, after the cigarette of working face was arranged to the greatest extent, organize the special messenger and get rid of the danger stone, follow outside-in, by the arch to the principle of arranging the danger of side wall, the special messenger is responsible for, ensures construction safety.
(10) And (3) inspecting the light explosion effect: and evaluating the blasting result by technicians and the excavation team leader, and adjusting the blasting operation parameters and updating the reserved deformation in time so as to facilitate the development of the blasting effect to a better direction.
In the embodiment, 3 advance drilling holes are fully utilized as main blasting holes, blasting is participated in by adopting a small concentrated explosive package mode so as to reduce the drilling operation of the main blasting holes, improve the utilization rate of the blasting holes and improve the construction progress, and the number of the advance drilling holes used for the underwater calendering surface blasting under the same condition is reduced by 12 compared with that of the traditional smooth blasting holes, so that the drilling time is reduced by 1.6h, the average time of charging is reduced by 0.7h, the explosive amount is reduced by 48kg, and the utilization rate of the blasting holes is improved by 7%; the average overexcavation line is reduced by 5.37 cm; 1380 yuan is saved per linear meter, the light explosion effect is better, and the economic benefit is more obvious.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel advance drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure is characterized by comprising a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, peripheral holes, a bottom plate hole and an advance drilling hole; the auxiliary holes and the advanced drilling holes are arranged on one sides of the cut holes, which are far away from the central line of the tunnel section, and the peripheral holes are arranged on one sides of the auxiliary holes and the advanced drilling holes, which are far away from the central line of the tunnel section; the bottom plate hole is formed in the bottom of the section of the tunnel.
2. The tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the advanced drilling holes are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the section of the tunnel, the number of the advanced drilling holes is 3-5, the diameter of the advanced drilling holes is 80-100 mm, and the depth of the advanced drilling holes is 20-40 m.
3. The tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the number of the cut holes is 15-25, the distance between two adjacent cut holes is 50-70 cm, and the depth of blast holes is 3.4-3.8 m; the number of the auxiliary holes is 70-80, the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary holes is 50-100 cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.2-3.6 m; the number of the peripheral holes is 60-65, the distance between every two adjacent peripheral holes is 30-50 cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 0.8-3.4 m; the number of the bottom plate holes is 6-10, the distance between every two adjacent bottom plate holes is 160-200 cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3-3.4 m; the diameters of the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole are 40-50 mm.
4. The tunnel advance drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure according to claim 3, wherein the number of the cut holes is 20, the distance between two adjacent cut holes is 55cm or 70cm, and the depth of blast holes is 3.6 m; the number of the auxiliary holes is 76, the distance between every two adjacent auxiliary holes is 55cm, 80cm or 100cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.4 m; the number of the peripheral holes is 62, the distance between every two adjacent peripheral holes is 40cm, the depth of each blast hole is 1m or 3.2m, and the peripheral holes and the blast holes are distributed at intervals; the number of the bottom plate holes is 7, the distance between every two adjacent bottom plate holes is 180cm, and the depth of each blast hole is 3.2 m; the diameters of the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole are 42 mm; the number of the advance drilling holes is 3, the diameter is 89mm, and the depth is 30 m.
5. The tunnel advance drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure of claim 1, wherein the slope of the outer pins of the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral hole and the bottom plate hole is less than 3%, and the outer pin of the advance drilling hole is 13-20 °.
6. The tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the cut hole, the auxiliary hole, the bottom plate hole and the advanced drilling hole are all subjected to centralized charging and are detonated in the reverse direction; the peripheral hole adopts uncoupled charge; the peripheral holes are filled with powder by adopting separating holes, the middle hole between two adjacent powder filling holes is used as a guide hole, and the depth of blast holes of the powder filling holes is more than or equal to that of the guide hole.
7. The tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral hole is sequentially provided with 2-3 water bags, 1 roll of explosive, 2-3 water bags, 1 roll of explosive and 1 water bag from inside to outside; the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole are sequentially provided with 2-3 water bags, 3-5 coils of explosive, 2-3 water bags, 1 coil of explosive and 1 water bag from inside to outside; 2-3 water bags, 5-7 rolls of explosive, 2-3 water bags, 1 roll of explosive and 1 water bag are sequentially arranged in the advance drilling hole from inside to outside; the millisecond detonator is inserted into the explosive at the bottom of the blast hole.
8. The tunnel advanced drilling hole combination accurate control blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the single-hole loading of the cutting hole is 1.6-2.1 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the auxiliary hole is 1.2-1.8 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the peripheral hole is 0.9-1.2 kg/hole, the single-hole loading of the baseplate hole is 0.7-1.1 kg/hole, and the single-hole loading of the advanced drilling hole is 1.8-2.4 kg.
9. The tunnel advanced drilling hole combination precise control blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel III-grade surrounding rock is detonated in two times, the first blasting is carried out on the upper step by adopting 7-segment delay blasting, the initiation sequence is that a cutting hole → an auxiliary hole, an advanced drilling hole → a peripheral hole → a bottom plate hole, and each ring of blast holes are detonated by adopting millisecond delay detonating primer in a hop segment.
10. A construction process for accurately controlling blasting by combining advanced drilling holes of a tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing light explosion, lofting and arranging holes, positioning and opening holes, drilling holes, cleaning holes, charging, connecting an initiation network, initiating explosion, ventilating and checking the light explosion effect; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the light explosion design comprises: the tunnel advanced drilling hole combination according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used for accurately controlling the blasting structure to design the distribution, the number and the blasting parameters of blast holes;
the continuous detonation network comprises: using a non-electric millisecond detonator detonating tube to perform detonating network connection by taking 10-20 holes as a cluster, and adopting a parallel-series network; blasting holes of the arch part and the side wall adopt detonating cords as detonating cords, and other blasting holes adopt detonating tube leads; the number of the connecting sections of various blasthole detonators is the same, the same section is detonated simultaneously, and the different section is detonated in relay.
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