CN114702433A - 一种低介电常数聚酰亚胺的二胺单体、合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种低介电常数聚酰亚胺的二胺单体、合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 boric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- FIHILUSWISKVSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dibromo-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3NC2=C1 FIHILUSWISKVSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- JMZFEHDNIAQMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-aminophenylboronic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(B(O)O)=C1 JMZFEHDNIAQMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QPTWWBLGJZWRAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dibromo-9-H-carbazole Natural products BrC1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3NC2=C1 QPTWWBLGJZWRAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dibromobutane Chemical compound BrCCCCBr ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZFMWYNHJFZBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dibromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC(Br)=CC(Br)=C1 PZFMWYNHJFZBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新材料领域,更具体而言,涉及一种低介电常数聚酰亚胺的二胺单体、合成方法和应用。
背景技术
CN202011264752.0公开了一种含有螺芴功能基团的二胺单体及其制备方法、低介电常数的聚酰亚胺,所述含有螺芴功能基团的二胺单体具有螺芴单元和芳香胺基。其介电常数为2.9左右,介电损耗0.01。
CN201710847281.8公开了一种低介电聚酰亚胺组合物,其包括脂肪族酸酐、长链二胺及酯类二胺。聚酰亚胺组合物制备的聚酰亚胺的主链上导入有具有低极化率的基团,可以使原子团的摩尔极化率下降而降低介电常数,使得聚酰亚胺可以具有较低的介电常数及介电损耗。该方案的介电常数为2.9左右,介电损耗0.01。
以上是低介电常数的聚酰亚胺的制备的方案。
CN201510382580.X公开了一种高介电常数聚酰亚胺及其制备方法,聚酰亚胺可应用于储能元件,其结构如下述通式所示:其中,Ar1、Ar2是具有1个或多个芳香环的4价有机基团,B是具有1个或多个芳香环的2价有机基团;R1-R8均为H、C1-C6的烷基、OH、C1-C6的烷氧基中的一种。该聚酰亚胺的分子主链上具有一定比例的酰胺官能团,其芳香环上具有烷基或烷氧基等基团。该原料采用芳香族二胺类化合物,两个芳香胺之间采用酰胺基团连接,其节点常数高达13。
所以可以理解的,二胺单体的使用、选择可改变介电常数的高低。
在本领域中,采用单一类的二胺单体制备的聚酰亚胺的介电常数达到2.9左右算是比较优异的成绩。
纵观现有技术,很多二胺单体都存在结构复杂、量产难度高的问题。
所以本申请要解决的技术问题是:如何在使用单一类二胺、保证低介电常数的前提下,降低二胺的结构和量产难度。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种低介电常数聚酰亚胺的二胺单体,该单体具有结构简单、量产难度低、成本低、应用于聚酰亚胺制备时能够得到较低的介电常数和介电损耗的优势。
同时还提供了基于该二胺单体的合成方法和应用。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种低介电常数聚酰亚胺的二胺单体,具有如下化学结构式;
其中,R1、R2从芳香环中选择;R3从胺基或芳香胺基中选择;m为碳数为1~18的烷基链;n为1或2;
当n=1时,所述R1为如下结构单元的任一种:
其中,R4~R11为H或者F;
当n=2时,所述R1为如下结构单元的任一种:
其中,R12~R14为H或者F;
所述R2为如下结构单元的任一种:
所述R3为如下结构单元的任一种:
同时,本发明还公开了一种如上所述的低介电常数聚酰亚胺的二胺单体的合成方法,采用如下合成路线合成:
其中,X为Br或I;Y为Br或I;m为碳数为1~18的烷基链;n为1或2。
通过该合成路径可以看出,本发明所用的合成原料均为本领域常见的原料,如咔唑、卤代咔唑、3-氨基苯硼酸、卤代烷基咔唑等,其合成路径简单、产率高、合成成本低。
在上述的低介电常数聚酰亚胺的二胺单体的合成方法中,具体包括以下步骤:
(3)以步骤(2)所得的中间产物,通过钯催化剂的作用,与含有硼酸或者硼酸酯的芳香胺单元偶联得到目标产物二胺单体。
此外,本发明还公开了上述的的二胺单体在合成低介电常数低介电损耗的聚酰亚胺中的应用。
最后,本发明公开了一种低介电常数低介电损耗的聚酰亚胺,采用酸酐和如上所述的单体合成得到。
本发明上述技术方案中的一个技术方案至少具有如下优点或有益效果之一:
实验结果表明,本发明的二胺单体在侧链引入一端含有刚性基团的烷基链,在保证不会明显降低聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度的同时,通过有效增大分子链间的空隙及结构的自由体积,使得制备的聚酰亚胺的介电常数和介电损耗明显降低。此外,该二胺单体合成制备简便,有利于实现商业化应用。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步地说明;
图1为本发明实施例1中所制备的Cz-CzDA二胺单体的结构式;
图2为本发明实施例1中所制备的Cz-CzDA二胺单体的合成路线;
图3为本发明实施例1中所制备的聚酰亚胺的合成路线;
图4为本发明实施例2中所制备的P-CzDA二胺单体的结构式;
图5为本发明实施例2中所制备的P-CzDA二胺单体的合成路线;
图6为本发明实施例2中所制备的聚酰亚胺的合成路线。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施方式,实施方式的示例在附图中示出,其中相同或类似的标号自始至终表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本发明的不同方案。
实施例1
本实施方式中的二胺单体(Cz-CzDA)的结构式如图1所示,具体合成步骤如下(如图2):
(1)将咔唑(20g,119.72mmol)和氢氧化钠(7.18g,179.58mmol)加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(200mL)中,在室温下搅拌30分钟后,再加入1,4-二溴丁烷(42.4mL,359.16mmol)。待反应结束后,将反应混合物倒入水中,随后用二氯甲烷进行萃取,用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,待减压蒸馏除去溶剂后,通过重结晶提纯,产率约为70%(25g)。
(2)将3,6-二溴咔唑(6g,18.58mmol)和氢氧化钠(1.1g,27.87mmol)加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(40mL)中,在室温下搅拌30分钟后,加入化合物(1)(10.67g,37.16mmol)。待反应结束后,将反应混合物倒入水中,随后用二氯甲烷进行萃取,用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,待减压蒸馏除去溶剂后,通过柱层析法提纯,洗脱剂为石油醚和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂,产率约为68%(6.87g)。
(3)将化合物(2)(6g,11.03mmol)、3-氨基苯硼酸(3.93g,28.68mmol)和碳酸钠水溶液(2M,28mL,56mmol)加入至甲苯(110mL)和乙醇(20mL)的混合液中。随后,在氮气气氛下,加入四(三苯基膦)钯(331mg,0.29mmol)。反应加热到90℃并搅拌过夜。待冷却到室温,将反应混合物倒入水中,随后用二氯甲烷进行萃取,用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,待减压蒸馏除去溶剂后,通过柱层析法分离,洗脱剂为石油醚和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂,产率约为49%(3.08g)。
随后,如图3所示,将Cz-CzDA(4mmol)与六氟二酐(6FDA)(4mmol)先后溶解于20mLN,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中(二酐分批加入),在氮气气氛、室温条件下搅拌反应得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液。再将PAA溶液进行涂布成膜,然后经过热亚胺化后,得到聚酰亚胺薄膜。
测试所得聚酰亚胺薄膜的平均厚度为18μm。在10GHz频率下,介电常数为2.89,介电损耗为0.0096。
实施例2
本实施方式中的二胺单体(P-CzDA)的结构式如图4所示,具体合成步骤如下(如图5):
(1)将3,5-二溴苯酚(4g,16mmol)和碳酸钾(8.85g,64mmol)加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(60mL)中,加热回流搅拌1小时后,加入化合物(1)(7.23g,24mmol)。待反应结束,将反应混合物倒入水中,随后用二氯甲烷进行萃取,用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,待减压蒸馏除去溶剂后,通过柱层析法提纯,洗脱剂为石油醚和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂,产率约为66%(5g)。
(2)将上述化合物(4)(5g,10.62mmol)、3-氨基苯硼酸(3.78g,27.61mmol)和碳酸钠水溶液(2M,27mL,54mmol)加入至甲苯(120mL)和乙醇(15mL)的混合液中。随后,在氮气气氛下,加入四(三苯基膦)钯(312mg,0.27mmol)。反应加热到90℃并搅拌过夜。待冷却到室温,将反应混合物倒入水中,随后用二氯甲烷进行萃取,用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,待减压蒸馏除去溶剂后,通过柱层析法分离,洗脱剂为石油醚和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂,产率约为55%(2.9g)。
随后,如图6所示,将P-CzDA(4mmol)与六氟二酐(6FDA)(4mmol)先后溶解于20mLN,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中(二酐分批加入),在氮气气氛、室温条件下搅拌反应得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液。再将PAA溶液进行涂布成膜,然后经过热亚胺化后,得到聚酰亚胺薄膜。
测试所得聚酰亚胺薄膜的平均厚度为24μm。在10GHz频率下,介电常数为2.92,介电损耗为0.0116。
对比例1
将3,6-二溴咔唑(3.58g,11.03mmol)、3-氨基苯硼酸(3.93g,28.68mmol)和碳酸钠水溶液(2M,28mL,56mmol)加入至甲苯(110mL)和乙醇(20mL)的混合液中。随后,在氮气气氛下,加入四(三苯基膦)钯(331mg,0.29mmol)。反应加热到90℃并搅拌过夜。待冷却到室温,将反应混合物倒入水中,随后用二氯甲烷进行萃取,用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,待减压蒸馏除去溶剂后,通过柱层析法分离,洗脱剂为石油醚和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂,得到化合物A,化合物A的结构式为:R3-R1-R3;
将化合物A(4mmol)与六氟二酐(6FDA)(4mmol)先后溶解于20mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中(二酐分批加入),在氮气气氛、室温条件下搅拌反应得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液。再将PAA溶液进行涂布成膜,然后经过热亚胺化后,得到聚酰亚胺薄膜。
测试所得聚酰亚胺薄膜的平均厚度为20μm。在10GHz频率下,介电常数为3.46,介电损耗为0.0114。
通过上述测试可以得到以下结论:
1.采用本发明的结构可以降低介电常数和损耗;
2.本发明的侧链刚性烷基的C为4且R2为咔唑时,其介电常数、介电损耗降低较为明显。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施方式,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
4.如权利要求1所述的二胺单体在合成低介电常数低介电损耗的聚酰亚胺中的应用。
5.一种低介电常数低介电损耗的聚酰亚胺,其特征在于,采用酸酐和如权利要求1所述的单体合成得到。
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