CN1147018A - Process and apparatus for production of direct reduced iron - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for production of direct reduced iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN1147018A CN1147018A CN 96100218 CN96100218A CN1147018A CN 1147018 A CN1147018 A CN 1147018A CN 96100218 CN96100218 CN 96100218 CN 96100218 A CN96100218 A CN 96100218A CN 1147018 A CN1147018 A CN 1147018A
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Abstract
A technology for directly reducing iron-containing raw material in solid state into metal iron features use of oxide of iron as raw material, bitumite as reducer, lime as sulfur-fixing agent, coal as fuel and nut shell as additive. Material distributor in reactor feeds the iron ore material into fan-shaped holes and mixed material in the rest of reactor respectively to form mixed material column and iron ore material column. The reactor is pushed into externally heated tunnel kiln, where reduction reaction takes place at 950 +/-20 deg.C for 30-38 hr.
Description
The invention relates to the technical field of iron making by a direct reduction method, in particular to a process and a device for directly reducing iron-containing raw materials into metallic iron in a solid state.
In the prior art, because the direct reduced iron has stable components and low contents of harmful impurities such as carbon, phosphorus and sulfur, the direct reduced iron can be used as a high-quality raw material for steelmaking and can also be used as a raw material for smelting high-quality steel and special steel by an electric furnace instead of scrap steel. Therefore, the direct reduced iron process is researched and developed by countries all over the world, but the existing direct reduced iron process has the defects of large equipment investment, strict technical requirements, high energy consumption and severe quality requirements on raw materials and auxiliary materials, and the defects seriously hinder the development of production.
The invention aims to provide a production process and equipment which have the advantages of small investment, low energy consumption, suitability for continuous production and wide material selection range and can directly reduce iron ore, iron ore concentrate, iron-containing tailings, scrap iron, waste iron sheet and the like into metallic iron in a solid state.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments shown in the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic temperature-time curve of the production process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a unitized clay refractory sagger B;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a column of powdery material formed in a reaction tank;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a column of powdery material formed in the reaction tank;
fig. 6 is a sectional view a-a in fig. 1.
Tunnel cave (1), kiln car (2), top truck (3), trailer (4), hoist engine (5), loading platform (6), outer delivery track (7), heating section (8), reduction section (9), cooling section (10), alms bowl bottom (B1), alms bowl body (B2), alms bowl lid (B3), mixing material post (C1), iron ore material post (C2), outer heating chamber (A1), retort (A2) that has loaded, interior track (A3).
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following production process:
1. sorting and processing
① the raw material is iron ore or iron ore concentrate or iron tailings of color ore dressing or iron oxide material such as steel rolling iron scale or mixture of two or more of the above materials, the particle size of the raw material is less than or equal to 40 meshes, and the water content is less than 5%;
② the method comprises using bituminous coal or anthracite or sub-bituminous coal or lignite as reducing agent, with fixed carbon content of 50% or more, volatile components of 20-30%, ash content of 15% or less, and particle diameter of 4 mm or less;
③ lime, limestone or dolomite is used as sulfur-fixing agent, its granularity is less than or equal to 20 meshes;
④ coal is used as fuel, and its calorific value is greater than or equal to 5000 kcal;
⑤ the fruit shell is used as additive and processed into particles with diameter less than or equal to 4 mm;
2. batching canning
(1) Calculating the reaction equivalent according to the chemical components of the raw material, the reducing agent and the sulfur fixing agent according to the following chemical reaction equation:
① the reaction equivalent of the reducing agent is determined by the following chemical equation
② reaction equivalent of the sulfur-fixing agent is determined by the following chemical equation
Note: s in the chemical equation is the sulfur content in the reducing agent.
The raw material, the reducing agent and the sulfur fixing agent are determined according to the chemical reaction equivalent, the reducing agent is excessive by 30-40%, wherein 1-3% is the carbon content of the additive; the sulfur-fixing agent is excessive by 10-20%.
(2) Thereducing agent, the sulfur fixing agent and the additive are uniformly mixed according to the mixture ratio, firstly, the mixture with the thickness of 2 cm is added at the bottom of the reaction tank B, and then, a round paper material is covered on the upper part of the mixture. Adding powdery iron ore and mixture into a reaction tank respectively to form alternate columns C1 and C2, wherein the iron ore is not contacted with the inner wall of the reaction tank, filling the top of the reaction tank with the mixture, covering a pot cover (B3), and sealing the contact positions of the pot bottom (B1), the pot body (B2) and the pot cover (B3) with refractory mortar.
3. Continuous production
Stacking the reaction tanks B loaded with materials on a kiln car (2) in layers, driving the reaction tanks B to be pushed to a vertical rail A3 by a winch (5), pulling the reaction tanks to a preset position by a trailer (4), pushing the reaction tanks B into a tunnel kiln (1) by a top cart (3) for reduction reaction at the reduction temperature of 950 +/-20 ℃ for 30-38 hours, pushing the kiln car out of the tunnel kiln after the reaction is finished, using the empty kiln car (2) unloaded with the tanks for next charging, continuously using a refractory reaction tank box body for more than 7 times, unloading the reacted reaction tanks in a discharge yard, and returning the kiln car (2) to a loading platform (6) for loading;
4. product cleaning and reductant recovery
The temperature of the reaction tank B unloaded from the kiln car is reduced to about 30 ℃, the columnar product can be directly taken out, and carbon slag on the surface is cleaned, so that the direct reduced iron product can be obtained. The excess reductant can be recovered as fuel.
In order to realize the technical process, the production device comprises a tunnel kiln(1), a reaction tank B and a distributor C, wherein the tunnel kiln (1) is provided with an external heating chamber (A1), the lower part of the kiln is provided with an internal track (A3) which is connected with an external conveying track (7) to form a closed conveying track, a kiln car (2) is driven by a winch (5) to run on the track, and the kiln head is provided with a cart (3) so that the kiln car (2) can vertically enter the kiln and is provided with a trailer (4); the reaction pot B is a cylindrical sagger made of refractory materials and consists of a pot bottom (B1), a pot body (B2) and a pot cover (B3), the pot body of the reaction pot can be phi 220 multiplied by 310 multiplied by 20mm in size, the pot bottom can be phi 240 multiplied by 20mm in size, and the pot bottom is embedded with the bottom of the pot body to be convenient for fixing and moving. The distributor C is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the distributor C is smaller than the inner diameter of the reaction tank, a partition plate is arranged in the cylindrical shape and divides the cylindrical shape into 4-8 fan-shaped hollow columns with symmetrical circular points for loading iron ore materials, and the rest of the space is used for loading mixed materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the equipment is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the continuous production can be realized, and the mechanization can be realized;
2. the invention has reasonable process and wide material selection range, can directly reduce iron ore, iron ore concentrate, iron-containing tailings, scrap iron, waste iron sheet and the like into metallic iron in a solid state, obtains a high-quality steelmaking raw material with stable quality and less harmful impurities, can replace the waste steel as a raw material for smelting special steel and high-quality steel, and has important significance for controlling the chemical composition of steel, shortening refining time and effectively saving energy;
3. by adopting the combined reaction tank, the easily damaged cover (B3) and the bottom (B1) can be easily replaced, so that the reaction tank can be used for more than 7 times, and the production cost is effectively reduced;
4. the additive has low price, and is distilled into active carbon at high temperature, so that the reduction activity of the reducing agent can be increased;
5. the distributor enables powdery iron ore and the mixture to form alternate columns in the reaction tank, so that the product is convenient to recover, and the iron ore is prevented from corroding the reaction tank. Particularly, the distributor can conveniently change the external dimension, can meet the requirements of different customers, and has equipment investment far lower than that of conventional process equipment.
Example 1
① stock preparation
Iron oxide lump ore containing ferroferric oxide is used as raw material, the iron-containing grade is 68 percent, and the raw material is prepared according to the following weight ratio (unit: kilogram)
Iron ore 100
Bituminous coal (fuel) 40
Bituminous coal (reductant) 90 (30% excess, 60% fixed carbon)
Lime (sulfur-fixing agent) 5 (20% excess)
Fruit shell (additive) 0.1
Crushing the iron block ore with the diameter of 40 meshes; the reducing agent particles are 4 mm, the water content is 4%, and the reducing coal, the sulfur-fixing agent and the additive are uniformly mixed.
② canning
Taking the pot cover and the pot body to combine into a reaction pot, firstly adding 2 cm of mixed material at the bottom layer of the pot body, putting a piece of paper with the diameter same as the inner diameter of the pot, then putting the distributor C into the pot, respectively adding the bulk raw materials and the mixed material to form a material column, taking out the distributor, filling the pot with the mixed material, covering the pot cover (B3), and smearing the contact part of the pot cover, the pot body and the pot cover with refractory clay.
③ continuous production
The loaded tanks are stacked on a kiln car in layers and pushed into a tunnel kiln, the reduction temperature is 950 ℃, and the reduction time is 36 hours. And (5) pushing the kiln car after the reaction out of the tunnel kiln, and cooling to room temperature.
④ cleaning and recovery
The temperature of the kiln car and the unloaded reaction tank reaches about 30 ℃, the columnar product can be directly taken out, and carbon slag on the surface is cleaned, so that the direct reduced iron product can be obtained.
Example 2
The iron-containing tailings and iron filings are used as raw materials, the iron-containing grade of the mixed raw material is 66%, and iron oxide (F) is usedeO) is used as the main material, the water content of the raw material is 3 percent, and the mixture ratio of the raw materials is (unit: kilogram):
mixed iron ore 100 (60 kg of 62% grade iron-containing tailings,
grade 72% scrap iron 40 kg)
Reduced coal (lignite) 80% (excess 25%, fixed carbon 50%)
Fuel (lignite) 30
Sulfur-fixing agent (lime) 5
Additive (husk) 0.1
The other process steps are the same as in example 1.
Claims (4)
1. A production method of direct reduced iron adopts iron oxide as a main raw material, and is characterized by adopting the following process steps:
A. sorting and processing
① the raw material is iron ore or iron ore concentrate or iron tailings of color ore dressing or iron oxide material such as steel rolling iron scale or mixture of two or more of the above materials, the particle size of the raw material is less than or equal to 40 meshes, and the water content is less than 5%;
② the method comprises using bituminous coal or anthracite or sub-bituminous coal or lignite as reducing agent, with fixed carbon content of 50% or more, volatile components of 20-30%, ash content of 15% or less, and particle diameter of 4 mm or less;
③ lime, limestone or dolomite is used as sulfur-fixing agent, its granularity is less than or equal to 20 meshes;
④ coal is used as fuel, and its calorific value is greater than or equal to 5000 kcal;
⑤ the fruit shell is used as additive and processed into particles with diameter less than or equal to 4 mm;
B. batching canning
① the raw material, the reducing agent and the sulfur-fixing agent are determined according to the chemical reaction equivalent, wherein the reducing agent is excessive by 30-40 percent, the sulfur-fixing agent is excessive by 10-20 percent,
② mixing the reducer, sulfur-fixing agent and additive evenly, adding 2 cm thick mixture at thebottom of the reaction tank B, covering a round paper material on the mixture, adding the iron ore and mixture into the reaction tank to form alternate columns C1 and C2, filling the mixture at the top of the reaction tank, covering the pot cover (B3), and sealing the contact position of the pot bottom (B1), the pot body (B2) and the pot cover (B3) with fire clay;
C. continuous production
Stacking the reaction tanks B loaded with materials on a kiln car (2) in layers, driving the reaction tanks B to be pushed to the position of a trailer (4) by a winch (5), pulling the reaction tanks B to the position of a top trolley (3) by the trailer (4), pushing the reaction tanks B into a tunnel kiln (1) by the top trolley (3) for reduction reaction at the reduction temperature of 950 +/-20 ℃ for 30-38 hours, pushing the kiln car (2) out of the tunnel kiln after the reaction is finished, and returning the kiln car (2) unloaded with the tanks to a loading platform (6) for loading;
D. cleaning and recycling
The temperature of the reaction tank B unloaded from the kiln car is reduced to about 30 ℃, the columnar product can be directly taken out, carbon slag on the surface is cleaned, the direct reduced iron product can be obtained, and the excessive reducing agent can be recovered as fuel.
2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that the following process steps are used:
① stock preparation
Iron oxide lump ore containing ferroferric oxide is used as raw material, the iron-containing grade is 68 percent, and the raw material is prepared according to the following weight ratio (unit: kilogram)
Iron ore 100
Bituminous coal (fuel) 40
Bituminous coal (reductant) 90 (30% excess, 60% fixed carbon)
Lime (sulfur-fixing agent) 5 (20% excess)
Fruit shell (additive) 0.1
Crushing iron ore blocks with the diameter of 40 meshes, reducing agent particles of 4 mm and the water content of 4 percent, uniformly mixing the reducing coal, the sulfur-fixing agent and the additive,
② canning
Selecting 10 combined reaction pots, combining the pot cover and the pot body into a pot of the reaction pot, adding 2 cm of mixture at the bottom layer of the pot body, putting a piece of paper with the diameter same as the inner diameter of the pot, putting the feeder C into the pot, adding the bulk raw materials and the mixture respectively, taking out the feeder after forming a material column, filling the reaction pot with the mixture, covering the pot cover (B3), smearing the contact part of the pot bottom and the pot body with refractory clay,
③ continuous production
The reaction tanks filled with the materials are stacked on a kiln car in layers and pushed into a tunnel kiln, the reduction temperature is 950 ℃, the reduction time is 36 hours, the kiln car after the reaction is pushed out of the tunnel kiln and cooled to the room temperature,
④ cleaning and recovering products
The temperature of the kiln car and the unloaded reaction tank reaches about 30 ℃, the columnar product can be directly taken out, and carbon slag on the surface is cleaned, so that the direct reduced iron product can be obtained.
3. A device for producing direct reduced iron comprises a tunnel kiln (1), wherein the tunnel kiln (1) is provided with an external heating chamber (A1), the lower part of the kiln is provided with an internal track (A3) and is connected with an external conveying track (7) to form a closed conveying track, and the tunnel kiln is provided with a winch (5), a trailer (4) and a cart (3); the reaction pot B is a cylindrical sagger made of refractory materials and comprises a pot bottom (B1), a pot body (B2) and a pot cover (B3), the pot bottom and the bottom of the pot body are embedded, the material distributor C is cylindrical, the diameter of the material distributor C is smaller than the inner diameter of the reaction pot, a partition plate with a special-shaped section is arranged in the cylinder, the partition plate divides the cylinder into 4-8 sector hollow columns with symmetrical round points and used for loading iron ore materials, and the rest spaces are used for loading mixed materials.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the retort bowl size is 220 x 310 x 20mm and the bowl bottom and lid size is 240 x 20 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96100218 CN1147018A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | Process and apparatus for production of direct reduced iron |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96100218 CN1147018A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | Process and apparatus for production of direct reduced iron |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1147018A true CN1147018A (en) | 1997-04-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96100218 Pending CN1147018A (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | Process and apparatus for production of direct reduced iron |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1300343C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-02-14 | 吉林省杉松岗矿业集团复森海绵铁有限公司 | Sponge iron production method |
| WO2009030064A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-12 | Shutong Dong | A process for non-coke smelting iron and steel |
| CN1916196B (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2010-05-12 | 石启洁 | Method for producing fine powder of magnetite from active iron ore |
| CN102235823A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-11-09 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Wide-bodied tunnel kiln for roasting lateritic nickel ore |
| WO2013011521A1 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-24 | Tata Steel Limited | A method for direct reduction of oxidized chromite ore fines composite agglomerates in a tunnel kiln using carbonaceous reductant for production of reduced chromite product/ agglomerates applicable in ferrochrome or charge chrome production. |
| CN103351032A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-10-16 | 叶文淡 | Method for producing water treatment agent by using iron oxide scraps |
| CN108588408A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-28 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of device and technique of iron oxide red tunnel oven production metallized pellet |
-
1996
- 1996-05-03 CN CN 96100218 patent/CN1147018A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1300343C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-02-14 | 吉林省杉松岗矿业集团复森海绵铁有限公司 | Sponge iron production method |
| CN1916196B (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2010-05-12 | 石启洁 | Method for producing fine powder of magnetite from active iron ore |
| WO2009030064A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-12 | Shutong Dong | A process for non-coke smelting iron and steel |
| CN102235823A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-11-09 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Wide-bodied tunnel kiln for roasting lateritic nickel ore |
| CN102235823B (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2014-03-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Wide-bodied tunnel kiln for roasting lateritic nickel ore |
| WO2013011521A1 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-24 | Tata Steel Limited | A method for direct reduction of oxidized chromite ore fines composite agglomerates in a tunnel kiln using carbonaceous reductant for production of reduced chromite product/ agglomerates applicable in ferrochrome or charge chrome production. |
| CN103351032A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-10-16 | 叶文淡 | Method for producing water treatment agent by using iron oxide scraps |
| CN103351032B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2014-12-03 | 叶文淡 | Method for producing water treatment agent by using iron oxide scraps |
| CN108588408A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-28 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of device and technique of iron oxide red tunnel oven production metallized pellet |
| CN108588408B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2023-09-26 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Device and process for producing metallized pellets by using iron oxide red tunnel kiln |
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