CN1195076C - Process of coal-gas one-step production of direct-reduction iron and production apparatus - Google Patents
Process of coal-gas one-step production of direct-reduction iron and production apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1195076C CN1195076C CNB021603162A CN02160316A CN1195076C CN 1195076 C CN1195076 C CN 1195076C CN B021603162 A CNB021603162 A CN B021603162A CN 02160316 A CN02160316 A CN 02160316A CN 1195076 C CN1195076 C CN 1195076C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a technical method and a producing device for producing direct reduction iron in a coal gas one-step method. Raw materials which are iron pellet ores containing carbon are loaded into a reducing chamber of a reducing vertical furnace and freely fall off. High-temperature reduced gas is ejected into the reducing chamber by reducing gas chambers on both sides of the reducing chamber, and slantwise penetrates a material layer. After the material is reduced, reducing tail gas is collected by gas collecting chambers which are distributed on both sides of the reducing chamber and are in staggered distribution with the reducing gas chamber in order to realize the direct reduction of the raw materials which are iron pellet ores containing carbon, wherein reducing tail gas of a lower reducing section is circularly used after being replenished for the reducing tail gas. The technical method and the producing device for producing direct reduction iron have the advantages of rapid material temperature increase, high desulphurization rate, high reducing speed, uniform temperature distribution in the furnace, and balanced reducing reaction. The circulating use of the reducing tail gas and the technical design of using the waste gas for air seal save energy and increase producing efficiency.
Description
One, affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of direct-reduced iron smelting technology method, particularly relate to a kind of processing method of utilizing high temperature reduction gas generation direct-reduced iron, the invention still further relates to a kind of production direct-reduced iron production unit that above-mentioned processing method is used that is suitable for.
Two, background technology
The Production Flow Chart of known BL direct-reduced iron is by Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel Company and the joint research and development exploitation of southern Shandong fertilizer plant.This flow process adopts mill coal to produce reducing gas, and raw material adopts iron ball nodulizing and lump ore.The subject matter that this processing method exists is: because it makes reducing gas with producer gas merely, must add the H of a part therein
2, therefore increased restraining factors of this production technique, and increased production cost; Secondly, its raw material needs to be oxidized to acid pellet through shaft furnace earlier, utilizes oxide pellet to produce direct-reduced iron again, is called two-stage method.Complex production process, investment is big.
Shaft furnace device and production method that the coal-based direct reduction method is produced direct-reduced iron have been finished in the development of the metallurgical designing institute in Beijing, and declared national patent (number of patent application is respectively 96205053 and 98119030) respectively, its main technique route is: (1) fine iron breeze mixes stirring with binding agent, dry after the compression moulding, it is standby to make the cold bonded iron pellet; (2) coal dust mixes with tackiness agent, and it is standby to be pressed into moulded coal; (3) with the cold bonded iron pellet, after special-purpose moulded coal, fritter bituminous coal and fritter Wingdale mix by a certain percentage, add in the reduction shaft furnace, produce coal gas through outer heating and internal heating, by coal gas unfired pellets is directly reduced, surplus gas is used for outer heating; (4) direct-reduced iron and cinder are realized separating after screening and magnetic separation.Above-mentioned processing method needs to add in addition raw materials such as moulded coal and Wingdale when producing direct-reduced iron, contain cinder and reduced iron in the product of production, needs separating treatment.And the moulded coal and the fritter bituminous coal that add can only produce semicoke, can not produce formed coke, and utility value is little.
In " utilizing carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing to produce the processing method and the production unit of sponge iron " (01130434.0) patent that the inventor participates in inventing, the structure that has adopted similar cokery and produced the wedged bottom stove of formed coke, change the coking chamber of coke oven into the reduction chamber, the combustion chamber is provided with side by side at interval with the reduction chamber, with carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing is raw material, with coke-oven gas or producer gas is reducing gas, the method that adopts indirect heating and direct heating to combine with indirect heating makes carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing directly be reduced to sponge iron under 900～1300 ℃ of temperature.
With carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing is raw material, and when producer gas and coke-oven gas were done reducing gas production direct-reduced iron, reducing gas has mainly played heat transfer effect and the protection reduction process is normally carried out, and promptly dilutes the CO that reduction process produces
2And H
2The effect of the effect of O and the carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing transferring heat energy in stove, and join carbon in the carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing of a main reductive action, the carbon in the coal dust in the promptly carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing, coke powder, the binding agent plays main reductive action.At interior charcoal CO and the H in the reducing gas when being lower than the required C of reduction reaction that join
2Play important reductive action as reductive agent.When reduction reaction rises to greater than 1000 ℃ in temperature, in initial 0.5～1 hour, be CO
2Concentrating to produce maximum periods, is maximum period of heat radiator, also is the fastest period of reduction reaction.
In production practice, find, with magnetite powder is the carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing that raw material makes, under reducing atmosphere, between 300～700 ℃ of the temperature, a temperature range that causes carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing undesirable extention is arranged, and its expansion amplitude can reach 30～200%.If this situation of generation, can cause the decline significantly of pellet strength, efflorescence under furnace charge weight, stop up air-flow, cause that reduction reaction stops, the serious accident of damage equipment, this saying with " magnetite produces volumetric shrinkage at the very start " of pertinent data report, " magnetite does not produce volumetric expansion in reduction process " is different fully.One of way that addresses this problem improves heat-up rate exactly, makes raw material be warming up to reduction temperature rapidly, thereby avoids the expansion temperature interval, stops the undesirable extention of pellet.
In production practice, also find, cold system pelletizing, cold bound pellet and contain the charcoal pelletizing, be the best S temperature of taking off when the preheating section temperature rises to 700～1000 ℃, the furnace charge of this section descends and was greater than 30 minutes working time, to guarantee that direct-reduced iron contains S and is lower than quality standard.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of can the intensification rapidly, the production direct-reduced iron processing method that reduction rate is fast adopts this processing method not only to heat up rapidly, can avoid undesirable extention, S is taken off in preheating before a large amount of generations of reduction reaction, and intensification is balanced in the stove, thermograde is little.
A kind of production unit that above-mentioned processing method adopts that is suitable for is provided, and is another goal of the invention of the present invention.
The implementation method of the object of the invention is: with 850～1400 ℃ high temperature reduction gas, raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing is directly reduced in reduction shaft furnace, to produce reduced iron.
Wherein, in shaft furnace, be provided with reduction air chamber, reduction chamber and collection chamber, and the reduction chamber upper and lower end air seal set is set respectively, raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing fell from the reduction chamber with the working time that stopped in the reduction chamber 2～5 hours, and high temperature reduction gas enters the reduction chamber from the ejection of reduction air chamber, oblique wear material bed, after material reduced, reduction tail gas was collected by collection chamber, to realize the direct reduction to raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing.
The present invention can be provided with several reduction air chamber and corresponding collection chambers in shaft furnace, high temperature reduction gas enters in the reduction chamber by each reduction air chamber, after material reduced, reduction tail gas was collected by corresponding collection chamber, reduced material is carried out segmentation.
For making material bed each point place temperature equalisation in the reduction chamber, thermograde is little in the stove, can be provided with reduction air chamber and collection chamber in the both sides of reduction chamber, and make reduction air chamber and collection chamber staggered arrangement.Like this, can enter the reduction chamber from two corresponding directions from the high temperature reduction gas of reduction air chamber ejection, repeatedly tiltedly wear material bed after, reduction tail gas is collected by the collection chamber of respective side, keeps in the reduction chamber material in the temperature equalisation at each point place as far as possible.
The raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing that adopts among the present invention can be the carbon containing cold consolidated iron ball nodulizing of mechanical compaction, also can be the carbon containing iron ball nodulizing made from balling disc.Go into stokehold carbon containing iron ball nodulizing generally need the oven dry, make it keep certain intensity at normal temperatures, unlikely fragmentation when shove charge.According to the different mass of fine iron breeze or iron original ore powder and different requirements, and can be for what of reducing gas to the direct-reduced iron quality product, pellet to join the carbon total amount also inequality, generally be controlled between 2～18%.
High temperature reduction gas of the present invention can be coal-based gas such as coke-oven gas, producer gas, chemical industry tail gas, also can adopt cracking natural gas or Sweet natural gas.
By the reduction tail gas that the epimere collection chamber of reduction shaft furnace is collected, directly discharge outside the shaft furnace, through reclaiming heat energy, be used for industry cellar for storing things stoves such as burning heating coke oven, hotblast stove, gas-fired furnace after the purifying treatment and use; Down the reduction tail gas collected of each collection chamber is then outside discharging shaft furnace for it, and through reclaiming heat energy, after the purifying treatment, restock is with new reducing gas, be heated to be high temperature reduction gas after, enter in the reduction air chamber and recycle.
Raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing enters into the reduction chamber, in very short time, will be heated to 900～1200 ℃, the beginning reduction reaction, if temperature of charge is lower than 900 ℃, speed of response is too slow, is lower than 850 ℃ and does not just react substantially, and after temperature of charge is higher than 1200 ℃, the material bonding is more serious, also can cause the smooth even obstruction reduction air-flow of reduction air-flow, and reduction process is stopped.Therefore generally should control the temperature of high temperature reduction gas between 850～1400 ℃.
Usually, material is under the atmosphere of reduction chamber medium and high temperature reducing gas, and the reduction reaction time is 2～5 hours.In fact, after temperature reached 1050 ℃, reduction reaction speed can be very fast, and reduction ratio can reach 80～90% in 0.5～1 hour, is the raising reduction ratio, but the proper extension reaction times, to guarantee quality product.
The present invention takes off the S method and adopts preheating to take off S or S is taken off in the weak oxide roasting at last reduction section, temperature reaches 700 ℃ promptly by the undesirable extention humidity province in stove, when preheating temperature rises to 700～1000 ℃, be the best S temperature of taking off, temperature is high more, and to take off S fast more, and warm up time, the long more S of taking off led high more, go up the reduction section preheating generally speaking and take off the S time, also be that furnace charge decline was greater than 30 minutes working time, require direct-reduced iron to contain S＜0.03%, to guarantee the direct-reduced iron quality.Tail gas is used for the burning heating after reclaiming heat energy, purifying treatment.Preheating is taken off S and also can be merged with the pelletizing baking operation, and above reduction section tail gas or other fuel are the energy, take off 700～1000 ℃ of S temperature, time＞30 minute.
For realizing above-mentioned processing method, the present invention also provides a kind of production unit that is suitable for above-mentioned processing method, its one-piece construction is a reduction shaft furnace, charging is located at the furnace roof of shaft furnace with hopper 11, hopper 11 belows connect feed distributor 12, and are provided with sealing gland 13 between hopper 11 and feed distributor 12.
Whole reduction shaft furnace is mainly by forming at shaft furnace central authorities and peripheral several reduction air chamber and collection chambers, the following air seal set that is clipped in the reduction chamber 1 between reduction air chamber and the collection chamber and is positioned at furnace bottom, wherein reducing chamber 1 is through to furnace bottom from the furnace roof feed distributor below 12, its bottom, reduction chamber is an inclined-plane, inclined-plane furnace wall bottom is provided with discharging arched door 2, and leading to the discharge port 3 of furnace bottom central authorities, described reduction air chamber and collection chamber are divided into reduction section and following reduction section.
Last reduction section comprises that is positioned at a furnace roof portion, and the collection chamber in feed distributor 12 outsides 21 and be positioned at shaft furnace central authorities and peripheral two reduction air chambers 23 and 24 also is being provided with reduction tail gas outlet 22 on the collection chamber 21.
Following reduction section comprises and is positioned at shaft furnace central authorities and peripheral, spaced collection chamber and reduction air chamber, and wherein shaft furnace central authorities be collection chamber 25 and reduction air chamber 26 from top to bottom, the shaft furnace periphery from top to bottom order for reducing air chamber 27 and collection chamber 28.
On reduction air chamber 23,24,26,27, be respectively equipped with reducing gas inlet mouth 41, reducing gas squit hole 42 is located at and reduces on the adjacent furnace wall in chamber 1, lead to reduction chamber 1, the top of collection chamber 25,28 is provided with reduction tail gas relief outlet 43, reduction tail gas air inlet port 44 is located at and reduces on the adjacent furnace wall in chamber 1, and is communicated with reduction chamber 1.
Following air seal set comprises reduction section below down, be positioned at shaft furnace central authorities and peripheral two exhaust plenum 31,32, discharge port 3 tops, the exhaust plenum 33 that communicates with reduction chamber 1 discharging arched door 2, and one be positioned at reduction 1 below, chamber, feeds the heating gas passage 34 in the exhaust plenum 33.Outlet port 45 is arranged at the top of exhaust plenum 31,32,33, also is provided with on exhaust plenum 31,32 furnace wall adjacent with reduction chamber 1 to lead to reduce the waste gas air inlet port 46 of chamber 1.
Above-mentioned reducing gas squit hole 42, reduction tail gas air inlet port 44 and waste gas air inlet port 46, all be set to a opening near reduction chamber 1, be lower than the slanted channel of another side opening, like this, the vergence direction of slanted channel is consistent with the material falling direction, material can not enter into above-mentioned passage in the reduction chamber when moving down, and stops up air-flow.
Below furnace bottom discharge port 3, can also be provided with one to roll-in to machine 5, with the direct compound stalk forming of the reduced iron of coming out of the stove.
For prevent down waste gas in the air seal set with material from discharge port 3 polluted air that discharges out of the furnace, also be provided with an exhaust plenum 51 in the periphery of furnace bottom discharge port 3, its bottom and sidepiece are provided with waste gas inlet 52, waste gas bleeding point 53 is located at the top of exhaust plenum 51, recycles once more with the waste gas of will discharge.
The skeleton structure of shaft furnace is steel plate and flame-proof thermal insulation material, and flame-proof thermal insulation material is being tied up the inside at steel plate, and suitable refractory materials is a high-alumina refractory brick.Reduction at shaft furnace is indoor, also is provided with two ends and is separately fixed at several body of heater reinforcements 4 on the reduction chamber 1 both sides furnace wall, to consolidate the structure of shaft furnace.Reinforce the one-piece construction of shaft furnace with joist steel or channel-section steel in shaft furnace steel plate outside.
The present invention adopts the uninterrupted continuously from top to down heating of high temperature reduction gas, has guaranteed can be warming up to reduction temperature rapidly after material enters the reduction chamber, has avoided the expansion temperature interval effectively, has prevented the undesirable extention of raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing; Simultaneously take off S in last reduction section preheating, and, because the present invention reduces air chamber and the staggered up and down constructional feature of collection chamber, it is material bed to make high temperature reduction gas repeatedly obliquely to wear, not only provide the continuous uninterrupted heating to material, and make the indoor temperature distribution of reduction balanced more, the reduction reaction of material is more even, can also widen simultaneously the volume that strengthens the reduction chamber thus, enhance productivity, reduce the pressure of high temperature reduction gas relatively, improve the safe reliability of technology.
All all adopt downward slanted channel with the ventilating pit that communicates of reduction chamber among the present invention, have guaranteed that material can not enter into passage and stop up gas circuit in the decline process, have ensured the normal circulation of gas.
Shaft furnace of the present invention is divided into reduction section and following reduction section, raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing is carried out the segmentation reduction.Last reduction section reduction tail gas oxidisability height wherein, and contain higher calorific value, can recycle the use that acts as a fuel, following reduction section reduction tail gas oxidisability is lower, after additional certain new reducing gas, can also recycle as reducing gas.Such processing arrangement not only can reduce the treatment capacity of reduction tail gas, reduces production costs, and the more important thing is if use coke-oven gas as reducing gas, can not need cracking or separation CH wherein
4Just coke-oven gas directly can be used as reducing gas, and have neither part nor lot in the CH of reduction reaction
4After the discharge of reduction tail gas, make that the tail gas calorific value is higher, can be used for the pit kiln heating, realize coking and direct-reduced iron coproduction, reach comprehensive utilization of resources, reduce the multipurpose that pollutes, protects environment, increases output and benefit.
The present invention utilizes the waste gas of burning heating by last sealing gland and following air seal set, makes the interior gas of shaft furnace can not spill in the air, has reduced pollution, has protected environment.
The present invention is by being installed in the pair roller ball press of shaft furnace bottom, the direct briquetting of the reduced iron of heat is cooled off again, with traditional elder generation the direct-reduced iron cooling is come out of the stove, the technology of briquetting is compared behind the reheat, saved energy consumption, shorten the time of smelting direct-reduced iron, saved cooling section equipment and operation in the shaft furnace, improved production efficiency.
Reduction shaft furnace of the present invention can also be combined into the reduction shaft furnace group side by side with several shaft furnaces, and be designed to reduce the chamber and be spaced with reduction air chamber and collection chamber, utilize shaft furnace side furnace wall indirect heating, thereby realize that high temperature reduction gas direct heating and side furnace wall indirect heating dual mode act on simultaneously, effectively utilize heat energy more.
Reducing gas in the technical process of the present invention reduction tail gas is malleation, the accident that can avoid air admission to cause at shaft furnace and linking device thereof, ducted gaseous tension.Wherein: reducing gas pressure is greater than reduction chamber gaseous tension; Reduction chamber gaseous tension is greater than collection chamber reducing gas tail gas pressure.
Reduction shaft furnace of the present invention transverse section can be designed as rectangle, can be circular by ultimate principle cross-sectional design of the present invention also.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention produces direct-reduced iron production unit reduction shaft furnace;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that the present invention produces direct-reduced iron.
Five, embodiment
Reduction shaft furnace structure of the present invention comprises as shown in Figure 1: the hopper 11, feed distributor 12 and the last sealing gland 13 that are positioned at furnace roof portion; The reduction air chamber 23,24 of last reduction section, collection chamber 21 and upward reduction tail gas outlet 22; The reduction air chamber 26,27 of following reduction section, collection chamber 25,28; The exhaust plenum 31,32,33 and the heating gas passage 34 of furnace bottom; On reduction air chamber, the collection chamber furnace wall adjacent with the reduction chamber, be provided with the slanted channel that communicates with the chamber of reduction as reducing gas squit hole 42 accordingly with exhaust plenum, reduction tail gas air inlet port 44 and waste gas air inlet port 46 also are provided with reducing gas inlet mouth 41, reduction tail gas relief outlet 43 and outlet port 45 simultaneously in reduction air chamber, collection chamber and exhaust plenum.
Wherein, reduction chamber 1 is through to furnace bottom from furnace roof portion feed distributor always, and is communicated with discharge port 3 by the discharging arched door 2 on the furnace wall between reduction air chamber and collection chamber below 12.The below of furnace bottom discharge port 3 is provided with pair roller ball press 5, and is provided with furnace bottom exhaust plenum 51 around discharge port 3.
Whole body of heater adopts welded-steel plate construction, is thermal insulation layer and flame retardant coating in the steel plate, also is provided with several body of heater reinforcements 4 in reduction chamber 1.
The technological process of production of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, main equipment is made up of reduction shaft furnace 101 and two heat accumulating type reducing gas process furnace 102,103, be connected with pipeline by other off-set facility between the main equipment, utility appliance mainly contains press, interchanger and treating plant etc.Wherein, the technical process in the reduction shaft furnace 101 is:
With the carbon containing iron ball nodulizing hopper 11 of packing into, enter into reduction chamber 1 by feed distributor 12, successively by last reduction section and following reduction section, after carrying out segmentation reduction by high temperature reduction gas, direct-reduced iron drops on the inclined-plane of reduction 1 bottom, chamber, discharge the reduction chamber by the discharging arched door on the furnace wall 2, enter 5 hot pressing of pair roller ball press by discharge port 3 again and make piece, after water cooling, come out of the stove.
Carbon containing iron ball nodulizing is packed into behind the hopper 11, by last sealing gland 13 sealings.Sealed gas purifies the pressurization back by the combustion exhaust in the technology and supplies with, its gaseous tension is greater than the gaseous tension of reduction section reduction tail gas collection chamber 21, like this, part blanket gas is discharged outside the shaft furnace through hopper 11, another part blanket gas enters reduction section reduction tail gas collection chamber 21, discharge outside the shaft furnaces by last reduction tail gas outlet 22, realize the isolation of material reducing gas and air in hopper 11 continuous decline processes.
After material enters reduction section, the temperature of being supplied with by technology reaches 850～1400 ℃ high temperature reduction gas and enters into reduction air chamber 23,24 by reducing gas inlet mouth 41, spray into the reduction chamber through reducing gas squit hole 42, material is heated rapidly in the process that descends continuously and enters preheating and take off the S stage, and temperature descends at 700～1000 ℃ of materials and wants＞30 minutes working time; In material decline process, the successive heat supply of high temperature reduction gas reaches 900～1200 ℃ in the reduction room temp, and direct reduction reactor speeds up.The direct reduction reactor of carbon containing iron ball nodulizing is a strong endothermic reaction, and reaction produces a large amount of CO
2, producing and ejection from carbonaceous pelletizing is inner, the heat energy that pelletizing is accepted sheds again, and this just needs continuously to replenish heat energy, and a large amount of CO that direct reduction reactor is generated
2And H
2O mixes the last reduction section reduction tail gas of back generation and is collected by reduction tail gas collection chamber 21 with reducing gas, outside last reduction tail gas outlet 22 discharge shaft furnaces, enter reduction section reduction solvent recovery technology from vent gas.Last reduction section reduction tail gas is owing to contain a large amount of CO, H
2, CH
4, and CmHn compound inflammable gas, can be used for adding other energy consumption equipments such as thermal heat storing type reducing gas process furnace 102,103 or heating pit kiln.Material reduction reaction under hot conditions of last reduction section is very rapid, single ball reaction only tens minutes, material was controlled at 0.5～2 hour the working time in last reduction section reduction chamber 1, and carbonaceous pelletizing can reach more than 80% at last reduction section reduction ratio, therefore, the oxidisability of reduction tail gas is higher, if it is bigger to recycle cost, uses so no longer do circulation gas.
After material enters down reduction section, the temperature of being supplied with by technology reaches 850～1400 ℃ high temperature reduction gas and enters in the reduction air chamber 26 and 27, be injected in the reduction chamber by reducing gas squit hole 42, make material in the process that descends continuously, constantly obtain heat energy and replenish, thereby reduction reaction can be carried out continuously.The CO that direct reduction reactor generates
2With H
2O mixes the following reduction section reduction tail gas that generates and enters collection in the collection chamber 25,28 through reduction tail gas air inlet port 44 with reducing gas, and sends outside the shaft furnace through reduction tail gas relief outlet 43, enters down reduction section reduction tail gas recycle operation.Following reduction section reduction tail gas contains CO
2And H
2O is lower, and oxidisability is lower, mixes with new reducing gas of replenishing after purifying treatment, also can be used as reducing gas and recycles.The following reduction section reaction times was at 1～3 hour.
In following air seal set section, the high temperature oxidation waste gas that enters in the shaft furnace 101 via heating gas logical 34 upwards moves, under the material envelope effect of descending material, most of waste gas enters exhaust plenum 33, small amount of exhaust gas is passed discharging arched door 2 and is entered in the reduction chamber, the reduced iron that reduces this moment in the chamber plays a part the material envelope, it is up to stop waste gas to continue, then enter into the exhaust plenum 31,32 of reduction chamber two bottom sides, discharge outside the shaft furnaces by outlet port 45, promptly add the purpose that thermal material is realized sealing gland again under the unimpeded situation thereby reach to move down at material.
When reduced iron goes downwards to heating gas passage 34 bottoms, reached 1200～1350 ℃, continued to come downwards to discharge port 3, by pair roller ball press 5 direct briquettings, output direct-reduced iron briquetting after water cooling by the reduced iron temperature of high temperature oxidation waste gas reheat.When reduced iron is descending; also there is part waste gas simultaneously descending; for protecting pair roller ball press 5 and improving the Working environment of shaft furnace 101 bottoms; under the vacuum fan effect; waste gas is drawn in the furnace bottom exhaust plenum 51 by the waste gas inlet 52 of furnace bottom exhaust plenum 51, is extracted out outside mouthful 53 discharge shaft furnaces by waste gas again.
In the whole reduction operation, the heating air feed flow process of reducing gas is: will replenish new reducing gas and the following reduction section reduction tail gas after treating plant 401 purifies after mixing gas holder 501 mixing, through press 201 pressurizations, alternately deliver in the heat accumulating type reducing gas process furnace 102,103, be heated to 850～1400 ℃, become high temperature reduction gas, send in the reduction air chamber 23,24,26,27 of reduction shaft furnace 101, be used for reduction of carbonaceous iron ball nodulizing.Heat accumulating type reducing gas process furnace can adopt iron-smelting blast furnace hotblast stove principle, is provided with two, and wherein one is in burning accumulation of heat working order, and one is in and adds the thermal reduction gas working order, hockets according to processing requirement.Also can adopt the reducing gas continuous heating equipment.The high temperature reduction gas that enters reduction air chamber 23,24 is injected in the reduction chamber 1 by reducing gas squit hole 42, oblique wear material bed, take place to produce upward reduction section reduction tail gas after the reduction reaction, collect after go up reduction tail gas outlet 22 by collection chamber 21 and to discharge shaft furnaces, enter reduction section and reduce exhaust gas flow path; The high temperature reduction gas that enters reduction air chamber 26,27 enters in the reduction chamber, obliquely wears material bedly, and the following reduction section reduction tail gas of generation is sent reduction shaft furnace after being collected by collection chamber 25,28, enters down reduction section and reduces tail gas and recycle flow process.0.5～2 hour last reduction section reduction reaction time, the following reduction section reduction reaction time will be 1～3 hour.
Last reduction section reduction tail gas process flow process is: go up reduction section reduction tail gas and discharge shaft furnace from the reduction tail gas outlet 22 of reduction shaft furnace 101, purify through interchanger 302 coolings, treating plant 402 and remove S, H
2After O and the dedusting,, alternately send in heat accumulating type reducing gas process furnace 102 and 103, add thermal heat storing type reducing gas process furnace with warm air mixed firing by press 202 pressurizations.If adopt coke-oven gas, contain a large amount of CH in the tail gas of this moment as reducing gas
4, H
2With CO, CO
2, if can reach comprehensive utilization coke-oven gas, save energy, increase output, the relative CO of minimizing with the pit kiln coproduction
2Discharging reduces the purpose of polluting.
Following reduction section reduction tail gas process flow process is: following reduction section reduction tail gas is drawn shaft furnace 101 by collection chamber 25,28, lowers the temperature, removes S, H through interchanger 301 coolings, treating plant 401
2Behind the O, the reducing gas that output can be recycled, with the new reducing gas of replenishing after mixing gas holder 501 and mixing, press 201 is pressurizeed, and alternately sends into heat accumulating type reducing gas process furnace 102 and 103, enters the reducing gas heating procedure.If adopt producer gas to make reducing gas, in treating plant, also should install additional except that CO
2Equipment, and the increase reducing gas recycles ratio, the consumption of minimizing reducing gas.
The blanket gas flow process of last sealing gland is: from the high-temp waste gas of recuperative heater 102,103 outputs, after cooling apparatus 505 cooling, by press 205 pressurizations, the output blanket gas is sent into the last sealing gland 13 of shaft furnace 101, enters in the shaft furnace 101.Blanket gas pressure is greater than gaseous tension in the interior reduction of the shaft furnace chamber, this moment, a part of blanket gas was upwards discharged outside the shaft furnace via hopper 11, another part is collected through collection chamber 21 downwards, sneak into reduction section reduction tail gas, discharge shaft furnace through last reduction tail gas outlet 22, enter reduction section reduction tail gas process flow process.
The blanket gas flow process of lower sealing device is: the material that descends from the reduction chamber continues to descend by discharging arched door 2, and its temperature of charge is between 900～1200 ℃.Send into the high-temperature combustion gas that mixes by thermal reduction gas and warm air through heating gas passage 34, temperature can reach 1400～1600 ℃, gaseous combustion is finished in heat tunnel, the blanket gas that enters seal section is the high-temp waste gas that the burning back produces, and can reduce the secondary oxidation to reduced iron.Its function has two: the one, be heated to 1200～1350 ℃ once more with coming downwards near discharge port 3 material reduced irons, and make piece through discharge port 3 by 5 hot pressing of pair roller ball press, produce the direct-reduced iron briquetting after the water cooling; The 2nd, enter shaft furnace 101 bottoms through heating gas passage 34, its pressure plays the effect of blanket gas greater than the gaseous tension of bottom, reduction chamber.A blanket gas part blows out shaft furnace discharge port 3 downwards, a part upwards enters exhaust plenum 33, some enters the reduction chamber through discharging arched door 2 and also finally enters in the exhaust plenum 31,32, waste gas in the exhaust plenum 31,32,33 is discharged outside the shaft furnace by outlet port 45, enters waste gas comprehensive utilization flow process.Also be provided with an exhaust plenum 51 at discharge port 3 places, furnace bottom waste gas and Air mixing gas pump drainage are gone out outside the shaft furnace, to improve the Working environment of shaft furnace bottom, the works better of protection pair roller ball press 5.
The comprehensive utilization flow process of waste gas is: the spent air temperture of heat accumulating type reducing gas process furnace 102,103 outputs reaches 300～600 ℃, shaft furnace bottom spent air temperture can reach 800～1100 ℃, with above-mentioned waste gas and air after mixing tank 502 mixes, temperature is reduced to 100～300 ℃, by press 204 pressurizations, deliver in the carbon containing iron ball nodulizing drying plant 503, be used to dry carbon containing iron ball nodulizing, waste gas is afterwards entered in the atmosphere by chimney 504.Another waste gas, uses as last blanket gas after shaft furnace 101 is delivered in press 205 pressurizations through cooling apparatus 505 coolings.
If the little direct-reduced iron of direct production bulk density, during not with the direct-reduced iron briquetting, unload the pair roller ball press, on pair roller ball press 5 positions, several cooling tanks are set, high temperature direct-reduced iron by discharge port 3 outputs, the cooling tank of directly packing into, the little direct-reduced iron of cooling back output proportion is used for the water deoxygenation, or secondary reduction is produced reduced iron powder, be used for powder metallurgy, the electric furnace of also can the tinning after heat packing into also can transport the shaft furnace briquetting after the tinning.Produce the little direct-reduced iron of proportion, can also change the following sealing gland of shaft furnace device of the present invention into cold blanket gas, the same waste gas that adopts the burning postcooling of blanket gas with last sealing gland, setting up cooling section between sealing gland and the following reduction section down, cooling section is established cooling air chamber and cold gas collection chamber, cold gas is tiltedly worn corresponding reduction chamber section from cooling room and is entered the cold gas collection chamber, recycle after the cooling again after discharging shaft furnace, the material that is cooled is descending from the cooling section of reduction chamber, through the discharging arched door, process is sealing gland down, outside discharge port is discharged shaft furnace.
Utilize the present invention not only can produce direct-reduced iron, can also produce direct reduction ferrotianium, ferrochrome ferromanganese etc. are the reducing metal directly.
Utilizing the reduction shaft furnace equipment ferric oxide pellet among the present invention is raw material, also can produce direct-reduced iron.
Claims (9)
1, single stage method is produced the processing method of direct-reduced iron, be with 850～1400 ℃ high temperature reduction gas in reduction shaft furnace, raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing is directly reduced, to produce reduced iron, it is characterized in that in shaft furnace, being provided with the reduction air chamber, reduction chamber and collection chamber, and on the reduction chamber, the lower end is provided with air seal set respectively, raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing is to fall from the reduction chamber working time that stopped in the reduction chamber 2～5 hours, high temperature reduction gas is from the ejection of reduction air chamber, enter in the reduction chamber, oblique wear material bed, after material reduced, reduction tail gas is collected by collection chamber, to realize the direct reduction to raw material carbon containing iron ball nodulizing.
2, production direct-reduced iron processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in shaft furnace, being provided with several reduction air chamber and corresponding collection chambers, high temperature reduction gas enters in the reduction chamber by each reduction air chamber, after material reduced, reduction tail gas is collected by corresponding collection chamber, material is carried out the segmentation reduction.
3, production direct-reduced iron processing method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that being provided with reduction air chamber and collection chamber in the both sides of reduction chamber, enter the reduction chamber from two corresponding directions from the high temperature reduction gas of reduction air chamber ejection, oblique wear material bed, after material reduced, reduction tail gas was collected by the collection chamber of respective side.
4, production direct-reduced iron processing method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the reduction tail gas of being collected by epimere collection chamber discharges shaft furnace as fuel, the reduction tail gas that each collection chamber is collected under it is after purification and replenishing new reducing gas, be heated to be high temperature reduction gas once more, enter reduction and recycle in the air chamber.
5, a kind of production unit that is used for claim 2 production direct-reduced iron processing method, it is a reduction shaft furnace, charging is located at the furnace roof of shaft furnace with hopper (11), hopper (11) below connects feed distributor (12), and between hopper (11) and feed distributor (12), be provided with sealing gland (13), it is characterized in that:
Reduction shaft furnace is by being positioned at shaft furnace central authorities and peripheral, several that are divided into reduction section and following reduction section reduce air chamber and collection chambers, below furnace roof feed distributor (12), be through to furnace bottom, the following air seal set composition that is clipped in the reduction chamber (1) between described reduction air chamber and the collection chamber and is positioned at furnace bottom, the bottom of reduction chamber (1) is the inclined-plane, discharging arched door (2) is arranged on the inclined-plane bottom, and leads to the discharge port (3) of furnace bottom central authorities;
Wherein:
Last reduction section comprises that is positioned at a furnace roof portion, the collection chamber (21) in feed distributor (12) outside and be positioned at shaft furnace central authorities and peripheral two reduction air chambers (23) and (24), and collection chamber (21) is provided with reduction tail gas and exports (22);
Following reduction section comprises and is positioned at shaft furnace central authorities, top-down collection chamber (25), reduction air chamber (26), and be positioned at the shaft furnace periphery, top-down reduction air chamber (27) and collection chamber (28);
Following air seal set comprises reduction section below down, be positioned at shaft furnace central authorities and peripheral two exhaust plenum (31), (32), discharge port (3) top, the exhaust plenum (33) that communicates with reduction chamber (1) discharging arched door (2), and one be positioned at below, reduction chamber (1), feeds the heating gas passage (34) in the exhaust plenum (33);
Above-mentioned reduction air chamber (23), (24), (26), (27) are provided with reducing gas inlet mouth (41), and reducing gas squit hole (42) is arranged on and reduces on the adjacent furnace wall in chamber (1), leads to reduction chamber (1);
On above-mentioned collection chamber (25), (28), be provided with reduction tail gas relief outlet (43), reduction tail gas air inlet port (44) is arranged on and reduces on the adjacent furnace wall in chamber (1), is communicated with reduction chamber (1);
Outlet port (45) is arranged at the top of exhaust plenum (31), (32), (33), also is provided with the waste gas air inlet port (46) that leads to reduction chamber (1) on exhaust plenum (31), (32) furnace wall adjacent with reduction chamber (1).
6, production unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that the low slanted channel of one side that above-mentioned reducing gas squit hole (42), reduction tail gas air inlet port (44) and waste gas air inlet port (46) all are set to lead to reduction chamber (1).
7, production unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that being provided with body of heater reinforcement (4) in reduction chamber (1), and its two ends are fixed on the both sides furnace wall of reduction chamber (1).
8, production unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that also being provided with a pair roller ball press (5) in furnace bottom discharge port (3) below.
9, production unit according to claim 5, it is characterized in that at furnace bottom, the periphery of discharge port (3) also is provided with an exhaust plenum (51), is provided with waste gas inlet (52) in its bottom and sidepiece, and waste gas bleeding point (53) is located at the top of exhaust plenum (51).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021603162A CN1195076C (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2002-12-25 | Process of coal-gas one-step production of direct-reduction iron and production apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021603162A CN1195076C (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2002-12-25 | Process of coal-gas one-step production of direct-reduction iron and production apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1438331A CN1438331A (en) | 2003-08-27 |
| CN1195076C true CN1195076C (en) | 2005-03-30 |
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| CNB021603162A Expired - Fee Related CN1195076C (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2002-12-25 | Process of coal-gas one-step production of direct-reduction iron and production apparatus |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101525686B (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2011-02-16 | 四川龙蟒矿冶有限责任公司 | Method for manufacturing high strength green ball block by coal-based direct reduction and device therefor |
| CN102409126B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-05 | 临沂亿晨镍铬合金有限公司 | Integrated reduction ironmaking furnace and integrated reduction ironmaking process |
| CN104611498A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-13 | 哈密坤铭直还铁有限责任公司 | External heating type coal-based shaft furnace for producing direct-reduced iron |
| EP3255157A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-13 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Method for direct reduction with dry vent gas dust removal |
| EP3255158A1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-12-13 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Method and apparatus for direct reduction using vent gas |
| CN107893139B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2023-03-21 | 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 | External heating type coal-based direct reduced iron shaft furnace reduction chamber with adjustable pressure |
| CN107937653B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2023-04-11 | 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 | External heating type coal-based direct reduced iron shaft furnace reduction chamber with short air collecting channel |
| CN107893138B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2023-03-21 | 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 | Reduction chamber of external heating type coal-based direct reduced iron shaft furnace |
| CN108384913A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-08-10 | 郑州安联凯实业有限公司 | A kind of efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace |
| CN111910037B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-01-25 | 唐山中科乾海环保科技有限公司 | Shaft furnace direct reduction device and discharging method thereof |
| CN112011662B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-08-02 | 重庆优钛实业有限公司 | Reduction method of all-vanadium-titanium pellet ore |
-
2002
- 2002-12-25 CN CNB021603162A patent/CN1195076C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1438331A (en) | 2003-08-27 |
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