CN1300343C - Sponge iron production method - Google Patents
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- CN1300343C CN1300343C CNB2005100170925A CN200510017092A CN1300343C CN 1300343 C CN1300343 C CN 1300343C CN B2005100170925 A CNB2005100170925 A CN B2005100170925A CN 200510017092 A CN200510017092 A CN 200510017092A CN 1300343 C CN1300343 C CN 1300343C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a production method of spongy iron, which belongs to the technical field of an iron smelting technique. The present invention more specifically relates to a production method of the spongy iron, which comprises the following steps of preparing iron ore powder, a reducer, a desulfurizing agent and fuel gas coal, compounding reduction materials, loading in metal reaction tanks, burning, cooling, pouring a tank and cleaning. The present invention has the characteristics that (1) the iron ore powder is prepared into oxidated pellets; (2) mixed materials of the oxidated pellets, reduced coal and the desulfurizing agent are loaded in the heat-resistance steel metal reaction tanks, a heat-resistance steel metal pipe with the diameter of 50mm is placed in the center of each of the tanks, each kiln car has 16 tanks, the tanks are homogeneously placed in the mode of a 4*4 array, and the minimum distance of adjacent tanks is 150mm; (3) burning comprises the steps: coal gas heating is adopted in a tunnel kiln, coal gas is prepared by two mixed coal gas producers with the diameter of three meters, wherein one mixed coal gas producer is used for production, and the other coal mixed gas producer is for standby; after being purified, the coal gas is sent to both sides of the kiln and is heated by the burning of nozzles. The present invention has the advantages of low production cost, high product quality, low energy consumption, high reaction speed, long service life of the reaction tanks, no tank clamping and continuous production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting of iron, be specifically related to a kind of production method of sponge iron, international Patent classificating number: C21B 13/04.
Background technology
Current, the production method of sponge iron can be divided into two big classes, one class is a gas base method, accounts for more than 85% of sponge iron ultimate production, and described gas base method refers generally to generate reduced iron by the reduction that natural gas pyrolysis becomes reducing atmosphere to finish iron ore or ore agglomerates; The prevailing conditions that gas base method is produced process for producing sponge iron is that abundant Sweet natural gas will be arranged, and can not adopt gas base method in the area of Sweet natural gas scarcity, and adopt another kind of production method---coal-based method; Coal-based method is directly reduced to iron ore as reductive agent with coal exactly, and it is main representative now with the rotary kiln that coal-based method is directly reduced, and also has some other the direct reducing process of coal-based method; Though the kiln process productivity ratio is bigger, also exist deficiencies such as one-time investment is big, energy consumption is high, easy ring formation, operation control difficulty, be not suitable for medium-sized and small enterprises to use; And other direct reducing process of coal-based method such as common tunnel furnace are that the smart powder of iron and reductive agent (coal) layering are packed in clay jar or the silicon carbide jar, be placed on to push on the chassis and carry out roasting in the tunnel furnace, its thermal source is the hand coal-fired stove, though this method one-time investment is less, but also there are many bad results, specifically:
1, the retort heat transfer efficiency is low, and the recovery time is long, and production capacity is low, deficiency in economic performance;
2, unstable product quality;
3, industrial pollution is big;
4, can not reclaim after the reduction jar damage, cause production cost too high.
The metal tin rolling reducing material slope stove that CN1142541A announces can't overcome tank body at high temperature rupture and produces in a card jar phenomenon takes place, can't realize continuous production;
In addition, the mode that iron powder that prior art adopts and reductive agent divide ring to go into jar, because the thickness of powdered iron ore is big, reductive agent and powdered iron ore contact area are little, and reduction osmosis difficulty is big, and reduction rate is slow, influences turnout, and economic benefit is bad.
Summary of the invention
But goal of the invention of the present invention provides, and a kind of production cost is low, quality product is high, energy consumption is low, speed of response is fast, the retort life-span long, do not block jar production method of a kind of sponge iron of quantity-produced.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
1. powdered iron ore is made acid pellet;
2. with acid pellet, go back raw coal, the sweetening agent mixture high temperature steel metal reaction jar of packing into, jar central authorities be placed with the high temperature steel metal tube of 50 millimeters of Φ; 16 jars of each kiln car are 4 * 4 square formations and evenly place, and each adjacent tank minor increment is 150 millimeters;
3. firing step is to adopt the coal gas heating at tunnel furnace, and coal gas is prepared by the mixed gas producer of 3 meters of two Φ, wherein production, and one is standby, delivers to the both sides of kiln and heated by jet combustion after purifying.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
One, the preparation of raw material
1, powdered iron ore
Source A: iron ore is made fine ore through fragmentation, ore grinding, ore dressing, grade 〉=68%, moisture content 6-7%, granularity 200 orders 〉=80%, sulphur＜0.03%, phosphorus＜0.015%;
Source B: the returning charge of iron is milled to granularity 200 orders 〉=80%, grade 〉=68% through damp mill in the oxide compound iron scale of other iron, the returning charge of making ball or other technological process;
2, acid pellet
Ready powdered iron ore by belted electronic balance automatic blending, disk feeder feed, with binding agent (mineral binder bond such as wilkinite 1.5-3%, by the worm conveyor feed) cooperate, after damp mill profit mill is abundant, deliver to balling disk (-sc) by conveyor and make ball, granularity is controlled at 12 millimeters of Φ 6-Φ, the ball warp live-roll grizzly screening of producing, qualified ball is delivered to shaft roasting, maturing temperature is 800-1100 ℃ ± 50 ℃, and roasting time is 20 minutes, and coming out of the stove is cooled to normal temperature;
3, reductive agent preparation
Reductive agent adopts brown coal, non-bonding bituminous coal, hard coal, requires fixed carbon 〉=80%, sulphur＜0.5%, goes back raw coal and dries through coal washing, moisture content＜10%, granularity 3-10 millimeter is selected in screening, send the roll crushing crusher machine greater than 10 millimeters pieces, and qualified grade is selected in the row screening again;
4, the preparation of sweetening agent
It is raw material that sweetening agent is selected lime or Wingdale for use, directly buys granularity≤0.5 millimeter, the calcium oxide in the Wingdale 〉=50%;
5, the preparation of combustion gas coal
Main body tunnel furnace of the present invention adopts the coal gas heating, and coal gas is by the mixed gas producer preparation of 3 meters of two Φ, wherein production, one is standby, and producer is with ature of coal amount standard: Heat stability is good, do not tie quarrel (burnt quarrel characteristic≤3), factor of created gase big (3 cubic metres/kilogram), granularity 25-50 millimeter, thermal value 〉=5000 kilocalorie/kilograms, ash＜20%, contain cash＜1%, full moisture content＜10%, this coal can directly be bought, as piece in the washing of piece, iron processes in the washing of Datong District etc.;
Two, production method
1, the reduction material is mixed
Acid pellet, go back raw coal, sweetening agent equivalents proportioning by chemical reaction, the excessive 30-50% of reductive agent, the excessive 30-50% of sweetening agent, acid pellet, go back raw coal, the sweetening agent weight part ratio is: 1: 0.5-0.7: 0.05-0.10;
Mixing process: these three kinds of raw materials are respectively charged in the storehouse,, enter feeding belt on request behind the feed and send into blending bunker, uniform mixing by vibratory feeder and belted electronic balance control;
2, tinning
The blending bunker bottom is provided with the blowing funnel, 4 every group, can establish many groups, by plate control feed; Spread the ground coal of 5-10 centimetre of one deck in the metal tin earlier, the compound of packing into then, the refractory mortar with 5-10 centimetre is sealed at the top; Metal tin belongs to semi-closed state, and heating back metal tin is a pressure-fired, anoxybiotic strong reducing property atmosphere;
Described metal tin is the high temperature steel metal tin, round tube type, and the central authorities of jar are placed with the high temperature steel metal tube of 50 millimeters of Φ;
3, fire
The jar that installs is placed on the kiln car by special machinery, 16 jars of per car, being 4 * 4 square formations evenly places, each adjacent tank minor increment is 150 millimeters, before kiln car winches to furnace door by stepless rope winch, open fire door and with pusher (50 tons of thrust) kiln car is headed in the kiln successively, the go-cart timed interval is 15-40 minute (length according to the kiln body is decided); Kiln car through the preheating zone, clinkering zone, cooling zone finish whole reduction process; The preheating zone temperature is: room temperature-1100 ℃; Burning zone temperature is: 1100 ℃ ± 25 ℃; The cooling zone temperature is: 1100 ℃-300 ℃; Firing time is 13-15 hour;
Tunnel furnace is delivered to the both sides of kiln and is heated by jet combustion by mixed gas producer generation coal gas after purifying;
4, cooling
The kiln discharge temperature is generally at 300-400 ℃, and the kiln discharge kiln car enters kiln formula Air cooler successively, and air blast cooling is reduced to below 100 ℃ temperature;
5, tank switching cleaning
Cooled tank car unloads through crane, pushes the tippler overturning, bulk crushing, through the static grizzly screening, use the magnetic separator sorting, the sponge iron that sub-elects is through the further autogenous grinding clean surface of autogenous mill, through screening, remove powder and be the sponge iron product again, finish the present invention.
About acid pellet technology:
Wet bulb goes into kiln and green-ball is gone into kiln after low temperature 250-300 ℃ oven dry, and efflorescence is serious, causes the waste of caking and raw material, and productivity is descended; Simultaneously wet bulb is gone into kiln with reductive agent is mixed and can't operates, even if operate, efficient is also quite low, can't scale production; Simultaneously wet bulb also easily with reductive agent, sweetening agent bonding, the foreign matter content of increase sponge iron causes product defective, if cooperate badly, ball and ball are bonded to bulk, reduce bad.
Adopt the advantage of acid pellet technology to be:
(1) can remove the sulphur more than 85% in the pelletizing in the pellet sintering process, reduce the load of sulphur in the reduction process, help improving the quality of product;
(2) acid pellet intensity height, not efflorescence in the batching transportation is convenient to implement mechanized operation, accomplishes scale production, and increases output, cuts down the consumption of energy;
(3) pelletizing granularity Φ 6-Φ is 12 millimeters, mixes with reductive agent, is among the reductive agent parcel, and contact area is big, and speed of response is fast;
Described tinning can be adopted dual mode:
First kind of mode: i.e. " two, production method " described " 1, reduction material be mixed " and " 2, tinning "; Sulphur heating back in the coal is with H
2The form of S and COS is present in the reducing gas; Sulphur in the pelletizing exists with the form of FeS;
Reducing gas main component: CO, H
2, CO is obtained by following reaction:
The second way: reduction material horizontal stratification is packed in the metal tin, and the lowest layer is rebasing coal 50-100 millimeter; Lower floor is that reducing gas produces layer, packs into and goes back raw coal and Wingdale (CaCO
3) batch mixing; The middle level is the gas filtration layer, and Wingdale (CaCO packs into
3) the 50-100 millimeter; The upper strata is the reduction reaction layer, and acid pellet and Wingdale (CaCO pack into
3) batch mixing; The superiors bind with 50100 millimeters refractory mortars;
Upper strata desulphurization reaction equation:
(1)
Middle level, lower floor's desulphurization reaction equation:
(2)
The reduction reaction equation:
(3)
Reduction material horizontal stratification tinning mode can effectively lower H in the reaction atmosphere
2The concentration of S, COS gas makes above-mentioned reaction (1) carry out to positive dirction, removes the sulphur content in the pelletizing effectively;
The present invention and ordinary crossing kiln owner want the index contrast as follows:
| Project | The ordinary crossing kiln | The present invention |
| Recovery time | 55-70 hour | 13-15 hour |
| Reduction temperature | 1150-1200℃ | 1100-1200℃ |
| Reduced state | Unstable | Stable |
| Product performance | The poor quality | Quality is good |
| Energy consumption (under the identical furnace superintendent) | 1.3 ton mark coal/ton | 1.2 ton mark coal/ton |
| The environmental protection situation | Pollution is big, industrial refuse is many | Do not have |
But the present invention has, and production cost is low, quality product is high, energy consumption is low, speed of response is fast, the retort life-span long, do not block a jar quantity-produced positively effect.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of retort of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of retort of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the mixture tinning synoptic diagram (embodiment 1) of retort of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the mixture tinning synoptic diagram (embodiment 2) of retort of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
One, the preparation of raw material
1, powdered iron ore
Source A: iron ore is made fine ore through fragmentation, ore grinding, ore dressing, grade 〉=68%, moisture content 6-7%, granularity 200 orders 〉=80%, sulphur＜0.03%, phosphorus＜0.015%;
Source B: the returning charge of iron is milled to granularity 200 orders 〉=80%, grade 〉=68% through damp mill in the oxide compound iron scale of other iron, the returning charge of making ball or other technological process;
2, acid pellet
Ready powdered iron ore by belted electronic balance automatic blending, disk feeder feed, with binding agent (mineral binder bond such as wilkinite 1.5-3%, by the worm conveyor feed) cooperate, after damp mill profit mill is abundant, deliver to balling disk (-sc) by conveyor and make ball, granularity is controlled at 12 millimeters of Φ 6-Φ, the ball warp live-roll grizzly screening of producing, qualified ball is delivered to shaft roasting, maturing temperature is 800-1100 ℃ ± 50 ℃, and roasting time is 20 minutes, and coming out of the stove is cooled to normal temperature;
3, reductive agent preparation
Reductive agent adopts brown coal, non-bonding bituminous coal, hard coal, requires fixed carbon C 〉=80%, sulphur＜0.5%, goes back raw coal and dries through coal washing, moisture content＜10%, granularity 3-10 millimeter is selected in screening, send the roll crushing crusher machine greater than 10 millimeters pieces, and qualified grade is selected in the row screening again;
4, the preparation of sweetening agent
It is raw material that sweetening agent is selected lime or Wingdale for use, directly buys granularity≤0.5 millimeter, the calcium oxide in the Wingdale 〉=50%;
5, the preparation of combustion gas coal
Main body tunnel furnace of the present invention adopts the coal gas heating, and coal gas is by the mixed gas producer preparation of 3 meters of two Φ, wherein production, one is standby, and producer is with ature of coal amount standard: Heat stability is good, do not tie quarrel (burnt quarrel characteristic≤3), factor of created gase big (3 cubic metres/kilogram), granularity 25-50 millimeter, thermal value 〉=5000 kilocalorie/kilograms, ash＜20%, contain cash＜1%, full moisture content＜10%, this coal can directly be bought, as piece in the washing of piece, iron processes in the washing of Datong District etc.;
Two, production method
1, the reduction material is mixed
Acid pellet, go back raw coal, sweetening agent equivalents proportioning by chemical reaction, the excessive 30-50% of reductive agent, the excessive 30-50% of sweetening agent, acid pellet, go back raw coal, the sweetening agent weight part ratio is: 1: 0.5-0.7: 0.05-0.10;
Mixing process: these three kinds of raw materials are respectively charged in the storehouse,, enter feeding belt on request behind the feed and send into blending bunker, uniform mixing by vibratory feeder and belted electronic balance control;
2, tinning
The blending bunker bottom is provided with the blowing funnel, 4 every group, can establish many groups, by plate control feed; In metal reaction jar 1, spread the ground coal 5 of 5-10 centimetre of one deck earlier, the compound 4 of packing into then, the refractory mortar 3 with 5-10 centimetre is sealed at the top; The metal reaction jar belongs to semi-closed state, and heating back metal reaction jar is a pressure-fired, anoxybiotic strong reducing property atmosphere;
Described metal reaction jar 1 is made by high chrome high-nickel refractory alloy for the high temperature steel metal tin, and life cycle is more than 180 times, its thermal conductivity be the silicon carbide jar 20-30 doubly, round tube type, 380 millimeters of 400 millimeters of external diameter Φ, internal diameter Φ, high 1800 millimeters; The central authorities of retort 1 are placed with the high temperature steel metal tube 2 of 50 millimeters of Φ, the characteristics that 2 heat conduction of high temperature steel metal tube are fast, compound 4 inside and outsides of retort are heated simultaneously, see from the heat transfer angle to equal the attenuation of heated compound thickness, thereby heat transfer rate accelerates, shorten 1100 ℃ the time that reaches, temperature is even in the metal reaction jar 1, prevent to produce evil mind, be convenient to tank switching again simultaneously, and comparable alternate manner of reaction times reduces 2/3rds;
3, fire
The jar that installs is placed on the kiln car by special machinery, 16 jars of per car, being 4 * 4 square formations evenly places, each adjacent tank minor increment is 150 millimeters, before kiln car winches to furnace door by stepless rope winch, open fire door and with pusher (50 tons of thrust) kiln car is headed in the kiln successively, the go-cart timed interval is 15-40 minute (length according to the kiln body is decided); Kiln car through the preheating zone, clinkering zone, cooling zone finish whole reduction process; The preheating zone temperature is: room temperature-1100 ℃; Burning zone temperature is: 1100 ℃ ± 25 ℃; The cooling zone temperature is: 1100 ℃-300 ℃; Firing time is 13-15 hour;
Tunnel furnace is delivered to the both sides of kiln and is heated by jet combustion by mixed gas producer generation coal gas after purifying; Compare with handwarmer and to be easy to control, guarantee also proper mass;
4, cooling
The kiln discharge temperature is generally at 300-400 ℃, and the kiln discharge kiln car enters kiln formula Air cooler successively, and air blast cooling is reduced to below 100 ℃ temperature;
5, tank switching cleaning
Cooled tank car unloads through crane, pushes the tippler overturning, bulk crushing, through the static grizzly screening, use the magnetic separator sorting, the sponge iron that sub-elects is through the further autogenous grinding clean surface of autogenous mill, through screening, remove powder and be the sponge iron product again, finish the present invention.
Embodiment 2:
Two, 2 of production method, the tinning step is a following manner:
Reduction material 4 horizontal stratifications are packed in the metal reaction jar 1, and the lowest layer 5 is rebasing coal 50-100 millimeter; Lower floor is that reducing gas produces layer, packs into and goes back raw coal and Wingdale (CaCO
3) batch mixing 7; The middle level is a gas filtration layer 6, and Wingdale (CaCO packs into
3) the 50-100 millimeter; The upper strata is the reduction reaction layer, and acid pellet and Wingdale (CaCO pack into
3) batch mixing 4; The superiors bind with 50-100 millimeter refractory mortar 3;
Other is identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of production method of sponge iron may further comprise the steps: the preparation of powdered iron ore and reductive agent, sweetening agent and combustion gas coal, and reduction being mixed of material, the metal reaction jar of packing into is fired, and cooling and tank switching are cleared up, and it is characterized in that:
A, described powdered iron ore is made acid pellet: ready powdered iron ore is by belted electronic balance automatic blending, disk feeder feed, cooperate with binding agent, mineral binder bond wilkinite 1.5-3%, by the worm conveyor feed, after damp mill profit mill is abundant, deliver to balling disk (-sc) by conveyor and make ball, granularity is controlled at 12 millimeters of Φ 6-Φ, the ball warp live-roll grizzly screening of producing, qualified ball is delivered to shaft roasting, maturing temperature is 800-1100 ℃ ± 50 ℃, roasting time is 20 minutes, comes out of the stove to be cooled to normal temperature;
B, the described metal reaction jar step of packing into are: with acid pellet, go back raw coal, sweetening agent content by weight than 1: 0.5-0.7: behind the 0.05-0.10 uniform mixing in the tank filling, pack into earlier in the bottom of the jar rebasing coal of 50-100 millimeter, the refractory mortar of 50-100 millimeter binds on the upper cap of mixture;
The material horizontal stratification of maybe will reducing is packed in the metal tin, and the lowest layer is rebasing coal 50-100 millimeter; Lower floor is that reducing gas produces layer, packs into and goes back raw coal and Wingdale batch mixing; The middle level is the gas filtration layer, the Wingdale 50-100 millimeter of packing into; The upper strata is the reduction reaction layer, pack into acid pellet and Wingdale batch mixing; The superiors bind with 50-100 millimeter refractory mortar;
C, the described step of firing are:
The jar that installs is placed on the kiln car by special machinery, and 16 jars of per car are 4 * 4 square formations and evenly place, each adjacent tank minor increment is 150 millimeters, kiln car is opened fire door and with pusher kiln car is headed in the kiln successively before winching to furnace door by stepless rope winch, and the go-cart timed interval is 15-40 minute; Kiln car through the preheating zone, clinkering zone, cooling zone finish whole reduction process; The preheating zone temperature is: room temperature-1100 ℃; Burning zone temperature is: 1100 ℃ ± 25 ℃; The cooling zone temperature is: 1100 ℃-300 ℃; Firing time is 13-15 hour.
2, the production method of a kind of sponge iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described metal tin is the high temperature steel retort, and the high temperature steel retort is circular, and the centre is placed with the high temperature steel metal tube of 50 millimeters of Φ.
3, the production method of a kind of sponge iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described step of firing is to adopt the coal gas heating at tunnel furnace, and coal gas is prepared by mixed gas producer, delivers to the both sides of kiln and heated by jet combustion after purifying.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100170925A CN1300343C (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Sponge iron production method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100170925A CN1300343C (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Sponge iron production method |
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| CN1733944A CN1733944A (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| CN1300343C true CN1300343C (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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| CNB2005100170925A Expired - Fee Related CN1300343C (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Sponge iron production method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102878809A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-16 | 张锡昆 | Combination roasting furnace |
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| CN106244755B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-06-08 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of device for producing sponge iron |
| CN107937650A (en) * | 2017-10-28 | 2018-04-20 | 朝阳金河粉末冶金材料有限公司 | A kind of method for suppressing production sponge iron sulfurizing |
| CN108277341A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-07-13 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of sponge nickel and its method of preparation |
| CN111041145B (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2024-03-12 | 唐佳 | Loading and unloading system and reduction method for rapidly reducing iron in coal-based tunnel kiln |
| CN113462679A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Method for degrading polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant by utilizing biological sponge iron |
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| CN1249350A (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-04-05 | 冶金工业部北京冶金设备研究院 | Technology for directly reducing iron with coal base in pot furnace |
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| US4242125A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1980-12-30 | Kinglor Metor S.P.A. | Carbothermic process for producing sponge iron and the improved vertical retort system used in said process |
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| CN1142541A (en) * | 1995-08-05 | 1997-02-12 | 李铁顺 | Direct reduction process of sponge iron coal base |
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| CN1733944A (en) | 2006-02-15 |
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