CN1320714A - Process for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace - Google Patents
Process for preparing Al-Si alloy in DC arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN1320714A CN1320714A CN 01106206 CN01106206A CN1320714A CN 1320714 A CN1320714 A CN 1320714A CN 01106206 CN01106206 CN 01106206 CN 01106206 A CN01106206 A CN 01106206A CN 1320714 A CN1320714 A CN 1320714A
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Abstract
A method for producing AlSi alloy with DC arc furnace features that single praphite electrode or calcined carbon electrode is used, the mineral containing Al and Si is used as raw material and the bitumite and petroleum coke are used as reducer. It includes grinding, mixing, pelletizing, baking, reducing, refining and casting ingots. Its advantages are high Al content (30-65%), high utilization rate of energy, low cost and less environmental pollution.
Description
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy.
At present, the production of silicon-aluminum alloy in China adopts a counter-doping method. The alloy is prepared by remelting and proportionally melting and mixing metal aluminum and metal silicon. And the production of metallic aluminum adopts an electrolytic method. The production of metal aluminum by an electrolysis method needs two main processes of aluminum oxide production and aluminum oxide melting electrolysis, from ores to metal aluminum, the production flow is long, the energy consumption is high, the grade required by raw materials is high, and the production process has great influence on the environment.
Currently, only the original Soviet Union adopts an electric arc furnace technology to produce aluminum-silicon alloy, and the aluminum-silicon alloy adopts a large three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace with the power of more than 16500 kVA. The process has the following defects:
(1) the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace is adopted to produce the aluminum-silicon alloy, the power of the electric arc furnace is required to be more than 10000kVA, the energy density of the furnace bottom can meet the requirement of producing the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the most suitable power is more than 16500 kVA.
If a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace with the power below 10000kVA is adopted, the smelting of the aluminum-silicon alloy with the aluminum content below 30 percent is feasible, but if the aluminum-silicon alloy with the aluminum content of 40 to 60 percent is produced, the material surface collapses, the furnace bottom rises, the furnace eye can not be burnt through, the aluminum-silicon alloy liquid can not flow out, and the production can not be continuously carried out. The three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace with the power below 10000kVA can not meet the requirement of producing the aluminum-silicon alloy with the aluminum content of 40-60 percent due to low energy density at the bottom of the furnace. Therefore, the current process is not suitable for medium and small scale production using electric arc furnaces with power less than 10000 kVA.
(2) The existing process adopts 16500 kVA large-scale three-phase AC ore-smelting electric arc furnace, each furnace has three self-baking carbon electrodes with the diameter of about 1.2m, the outer side of each electrode is iron shell, and a plurality of iron fins are welded in the shell. With the consumption of the self-baking electrode in the smelting process, the iron electrode shell and the fins are completely melted into the aluminum-silicon alloy product, so that the iron content in the aluminum-silicon alloy is about 2 percent. Iron is a main harmful impurity of aluminum-silicon alloy products, and the restriction of national standard on iron-containing impurities is very strict. Therefore, the existing process can not produce high-quality aluminum-silicon alloy products with low iron content.
The invention adopts a single-phase direct current electric arc furnace to produce the aluminum-silicon alloy. The upper part of the furnace adopts an electrode which is a cathode, the bottom of the furnace is an anode, and the upper electrode directly generates electric arc to the bottom of the furnace. In addition, the current flows through the hearth and the hearth to generate the anode surface effect, so that the energy density of the hearth of the direct current arc furnace is high, and the rise of the hearth caused by insufficient hearth temperature can be inhibited. The requirements for producing 30-60% of aluminum-silicon alloy can be met for a direct current electric arc furnace with the power of less than 10000kVA and the scale of more than 100 kVA.
The invention adopts a single-phase direct current electric arc furnace, and simultaneously adopts a graphite electrode or a roasted carbon electrode on the upper part of the furnace. By adopting the electrode, the iron shell and the fins are not used any more, and the high-quality aluminum-silicon alloy product with low iron content can be produced only by controlling the iron content in the raw materials and not melting an iron tool into the aluminum-silicon alloy in production operation.
The invention aims to provide a method for producing a crude aluminum-silicon alloy containing 30 to 65 percent of aluminum by directly utilizing aluminum-silicon minerals (comprising bauxite, kyanite, coal gangue and the like) through briquetting and using a direct current arc furnace under the condition of specific electrical parameters.
The process takes mineral containing aluminum and silicon as raw materials, takes bituminous coal and petroleum coke as reducing agents, mixes the raw materials according to the proportion, evenly mixes the raw materials, makes lumps, and adds the lumps into a direct current electric arc furnace for reduction reaction to produce the aluminum-silicon alloy. The technological process includes the steps of milling, mixing, pelletizing, stoving, reducing, refining outside the furnace, etc.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The attached drawing is a process flow chart of the invention.
As shown in the figure: grinding bituminous coal and petroleum coke into powder with a particle size of less than 0.6mm, mixing bituminous coal, petroleum coke powder, bauxite powder with a particle size of less than 0.6mm and silica powder with a particle size of less than 0.6mm, and adding a certain amount of paper pulp (binder) and water (to make the water content reach 10%). All materials are uniformly mixed in a mixer. The mixed materials are pressed into pellets in a briquetting machine (the briquetting pressure is 20-25 MPa).
And drying and dehydrating the prepared pellets in a dryer. The moisture content is required to be reduced from 10% to about 1%.
Thedried pellets are added into a direct current electric arc furnace for reduction reaction, and the main reaction is as follows:
and discharging the aluminum-silicon alloy liquid from the iron outlet regularly (at intervals of 2-3 hours). Because the alloy contains a certain amount of non-metallic impurities, the alloy needs to be refined and deslagged in a ladle. Some covering agents such as salt and the like are added into the ladle, and some straws, rice hulls and the like are added at the same time, so that the floating of slag is facilitated. And casting ingots after deslagging to obtain a coarse aluminum-silicon alloy product.
The invention is characterized in that: the ore-smelting electric arc furnace is a direct-current electric arc furnace. As the direct current electric arc furnace, the current completely flows through the furnace bottom, and the bottom anode effect (the furnace bottom is an anode) is added, the furnace bottom has enough heat, the slag is prevented from being condensed, and the chance of furnace bottom rising is reduced. The power factor can be improved by adopting the direct current electric arc furnace, so that the power factor reaches more than 0.92. Graphite or roasted carbon material is selected as an electrode, so that the content of iron impurities in the alloy is reduced. The negative carbon formula is adopted for briquetting. Aluminum-silicon alloy is produced by using aluminum-silicon-containing mineral, and carbon is a reducing agent. The carbon can be added into coal, wood carbon, or petroleum coke. In the reduction reaction in the electric arc furnace, the reduction is insufficient when the carbon amount is small, and the furnace bottom rises; when the amount of carbon is large, carbide is formed and the bottom of the furnace rises. If the dosage of the carbon in the reaction is 100 percent, the optimal carbon distribution amount of 92 to 96 percent, namely the negative carbon formula, is obtained through experimental and theoretical analysis. Special electric arc furnace operating electrical parameters were used. During the operation of the electric arc furnace, the electrical parameters vary with the starting materials and the products of the reaction. In the production of the aluminum-silicon alloy, high furnace temperature, energy concentration and furnace bottom heat are required, so that the specific electrical parameters are high current and low voltage.
The aluminum-silicon alloy produced by the electrothermal method can directly smelt the ore into crude aluminum-silicon alloy containing 30 to 65 percent of aluminum in an electric arc furnace. The electrothermal method for producing Al-Si alloy is a new aluminium-smelting method, and compared with the existing electrolytic method for smelting aluminium, it has the following advantages:
1. the energy utilization rate is high. The electrolytic method is a planar reaction, the daily aluminum production per square meter of cathode is not more than 40kg, and the energy utilization rate is only 40-48%. The electric heating method is a three-dimensional reaction carried out in a submerged arc furnace, and the electric energy utilization rate can reach more than 80 percent;
2. the fixed asset investment is low. The electric heating method uses an electric arc furnace, and the production capacity of an 1800kW electric arc furnace is equivalent to that of 7 60kA aluminum electrolytic cells. The capital investment of the electric heating method is only about 30 percent of that of the electrolysis method;
3. the production cost is low. The electrolysis method prepares alumina from ore and then carries out electrolysis, and has long production flow and high cost. The electrothermal method directly prepares the aluminum-silicon alloy from the ore by one step, has short production flow and can reduce the production cost by more than 40 percent;
4. can reasonably utilize resources and reduce environmental pollution. The production of alumina in the production of aluminum by an electrolytic method must adopt high-grade bauxite, consume a large amount of water resources and cause environmental pollution. The aluminum-silicon alloy produced by the electric heating method can use common bauxite, kaolin, clay, kyanite and other minerals with different grades, and the smelting process is a slag-free reaction, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection and reasonable use of resources.
The process may also be used to produce other alloys based on aluminium and silicon, such as sendust.
Example 1
The aluminum-silicon alloy containing 50-60% is prepared by a 100KW direct current electric arc furnace.
A100 KW direct current arc furnace is adopted, and an electrode at the upper part of the furnace is a graphite electrode with the diameter of 100 mm. The raw materials are kyanite and silica (the furnace charge contains 50% of Al)2O3) Bituminous coal and petroleum coke are reducing agents. The operating voltage is 30-40V and the current is 1500-1800A. The furnace eye is burned once every 4 hours to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy containing 50 to 60 percent of aluminum, and the iron content is about 0.5 percent.
Example 2: electric arc furnace:
1800 kVA direct-current electric arc furnace raw materials:
1 kaolin: kaolin is the main raw material for smelting aluminum-silicon alloy, and accounts for about 40% of the total raw materials.
2, bituminous coal: the main reducing agent for smelting the aluminum-silicon alloy is bituminous coal.
3, petroleum coke: one of reducing agents in the smelting process.
4, aluminum oxide: for adjusting the ratio of alumina to silica.
5, pulp waste liquid: raw material briquetting adhesive. The waste liquor of acid process paper pulp (called red liquor) of paper mill is adopted. The component contents of each raw material are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively. Table 1 moisture, volatiles and ash content of the raw materials
Water/% volatile/% ash/%
Kaolin 0.599.35
Bituminous coal 4.128.07.5
Petroleum coke 0.511.50.0
Alumina 0.299.75
Paper pulp waste 52.038.69.55 Table 2 mineral content in raw materials
Al2O3/％ SiO2/％ Fe2O3/％ CaO/％ TiO2V% MgO/% kaolin 47.649.41.240.071.300.10 alumina 99.6- -soot ash 27.954.27.13.54- -pulp ash 0.761.400.5458.0-10.0 briquetting batch Table:
raw material mixing amount/kg
Kaolin 100.0
Alumina 5.11
Bituminous coal 64.5-68.8
Petroleum coke 17.8-20.5
Pulp waste liquor 12.1
Water 11.6 electric arc furnace electrical parameters:
arc furnace voltage: 45-55V
Electric arc furnace current: 25000-
The crude aluminum-silicon alloy containing 50 to 60 percent of aluminum is produced by the flow shown in the attached drawing.
Claims (4)
1. A method for producing aluminum-silicon alloy by using a direct current electric arc furnace is characterized in that a direct current ore thermal electric arc furnace is adopted, a graphite electrode or a roasted carbon electrode is taken as an upper electrode of the furnace, bauxite, kyanite and silica are taken as raw materials, bituminous coal and petroleum coke are taken as reducing agents, the raw materials are uniformly mixed and briquetted after being proportioned according to a proportion, the briquettes are added into the direct current electric arc furnace for reduction reaction, and crude aluminum-silicon alloy is smelted; the process comprises the following steps: grinding, namely grinding the raw materials of bituminous coal and petroleum coke together according to a proportion or grinding powder with the granularity of less than 0.6 mm; mixing bituminous coal, petroleum coke powder, bauxite powder smaller than 0.6mm and silica powder smaller than 0.6mm according to a certain proportion, adding a certain amount of binder and water, and uniformly mixing all the materials in a mixer; pelletizing, namely pelletizing the mixed materials in a pelletizing machine, wherein the pelletizing pressure is 20-25 MPa; drying, namely drying and dehydrating the prepared pellets, wherein the water is required to be reduced to 1.0%; reducing, namely adding the dried pellets into a direct current electric arc furnace for reduction reaction; refining, namely refining and deslagging in a two-man ladle, adding a certain amount of salt as a covering agent in the two-man ladle, and simultaneously adding straw and rice hulls; and casting ingot, and casting ingot after deslagging.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the briquetting is with a negative carbon formulation, and the optimum carbon addition is 92-96% of the carbon required for complete reaction theory.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dc ore-arc furnace is used to produce coarse alumino-silicon alloys, alumino-silicon-iron alloys and other alloys based on aluminum-silicon, containing 30% to 65% aluminum.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dc arc furnace employs high current, low voltage operating parameters.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100334243C (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-08-29 | 严瑞山 | Technological method of extracting aluminium silicon alloy from fly ash |
| CN101020960B (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2011-04-27 | 无锡雪浪输送机械有限公司 | Pellet for smelting Al-Si alloy and its preparation method |
| CN102602932A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-25 | 昆明冶金研究院 | Combined reducer for industry silicon smelting |
| CN103710488A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing Al-Si-Fe alloy by using high-ferrum and high-silicon bauxite |
| CN105986137A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-05 | 周俊和 | Process and intermediate for producing alloy aluminum |
| CN106011513A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-12 | 张彦才 | Covering agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting and preparation method of covering agent |
| CN109321788A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 王晓军 | A kind of acieral, the big alloy of aluminium base and preparation method thereof |
| CN109971955A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-05 | 易航时代(北京)科技有限公司 | The control method of the process units of aluminium and metallic silicon, production method and process units |
-
2001
- 2001-02-27 CN CNB011062061A patent/CN1155732C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100334243C (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-08-29 | 严瑞山 | Technological method of extracting aluminium silicon alloy from fly ash |
| CN101020960B (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2011-04-27 | 无锡雪浪输送机械有限公司 | Pellet for smelting Al-Si alloy and its preparation method |
| CN102602932A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-25 | 昆明冶金研究院 | Combined reducer for industry silicon smelting |
| CN102602932B (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-12-11 | 昆明冶金研究院 | Combined reducer for industry silicon smelting |
| CN103710488A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing Al-Si-Fe alloy by using high-ferrum and high-silicon bauxite |
| CN103710488B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-12-09 | 东北大学 | A kind of high ferro high-silica diaspore ore prepares the method for AL-Si-Fe alloy |
| CN105986137A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-05 | 周俊和 | Process and intermediate for producing alloy aluminum |
| CN105986137B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-08-14 | 贵州铝城铝业原材料研究发展有限公司 | A kind of technique and intermediate producing alloy aluminum |
| CN106011513A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-12 | 张彦才 | Covering agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting and preparation method of covering agent |
| CN106011513B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-07-17 | 张彦才 | A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture and preparation method thereof |
| CN109321788A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 王晓军 | A kind of acieral, the big alloy of aluminium base and preparation method thereof |
| CN109971955A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-05 | 易航时代(北京)科技有限公司 | The control method of the process units of aluminium and metallic silicon, production method and process units |
| CN113462897A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2021-10-01 | 易航时代(北京)科技有限公司 | Production device and production method for aluminum and metallic silicon and control method of production device |
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