CN106011513A - Covering agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting and preparation method of covering agent - Google Patents
Covering agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting and preparation method of covering agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN106011513A CN106011513A CN201610611953.0A CN201610611953A CN106011513A CN 106011513 A CN106011513 A CN 106011513A CN 201610611953 A CN201610611953 A CN 201610611953A CN 106011513 A CN106011513 A CN 106011513A
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- cattle manure
- aluminum
- coverture
- aluminum alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal melting material and a production method thereof and in particular relates to a covering agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting and a preparation method of the covering agent. In the melting process of metal aluminum or aluminum alloy, a layer of covering agent capable of isolating air is covered on top of molten aluminum and mostly adopts materials such as hydrochloride, fluoride, cryolite, expanded perlite and wollastonite, and general melting uses plant ash. For solving the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that cattle manure is used as the main raw material of the covering agent and added with chlorine salt and/or villiaumite, fly ash, zeolite powder and bentonite. The covering agent for aluminum or aluminum alloy melting has the beneficial effects that the cattle manure can substitute plant ash for preparing the covering agent, the covering performance is superior to plant ash, the aluminum melting quality is greatly improved, a large quantity of straw and grass can be saved, development of agriculture and animal husbandry and ecological construction of grassland are favored, cattle manure resources on the grassland are fully utilized, the added value of cattle manure is improved, income of farmers and herdsmen is increased and virtuous circulation with industrial and agricultural production mutually promoted is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Metal Melting material and production method, be specifically related to a kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture and
Preparation method.
Background technology
Various metals, in fusion process, is required for being isolated with surrounding air with coverture, to prevent from sucking gas, is formed
Oxidation impurities.Metallic aluminium character is active, is easier to and ambient atmospheric reactions in fusion process, forms the impurity such as slag inclusion, oxide-film,
Conduction of heat, the processing characteristics of aluminum is all had a significant impact, the serious reduction physical property of aluminum product, corrosion resistance and manufacturability
Energy.Such as, during aluminum and aluminium alloy smelting, the oxygen of infiltration, sulfur etc. easily make foundry goods " cold short ", and lead, bismuth etc. easily make material " heat
Crisp ", particularly aluminum and aluminium alloy hot melt be followed by touch air, will with air in the middle of moisture react, Al+H2O=Al2O3+ 6H,
Will produce substantial amounts of hydrogen, hydrogen will cause aluminium to bubble in a large number, produce serious quality accident.Therefore, close at metallic aluminium or aluminum
In the fusion process of gold, one layer of coverture that can completely cut off air to be covered on aluminum liquid.
Currently used coverture has multiple, for requiring higher refinery practice, uses hydrochlorate, fluoride, ice crystal more
The materials such as stone, expanded perlite, wollastonite.And in general fusion process, many use plant ash make coverture.Plant ash
It is the ashes after burning plants, how to be fired by the herbage on agricultural crop straw or grassland.Compared with high-grade material, plant ash cost
Relatively low., agricultural crop straw and herbage are all the feed resources of animal husbandry, consume substantial amounts of crops and herbage, can strengthen
Grass poultry contradiction, increases the weight of the burden on grassland, is unfavorable for the development of agriculture-stock production.In addition burning plant can discharge a large amount of smog, right
Environment produces harmful effect.Additionally, plant fuel volume is big, easily go rotten, seasonal strong, it is difficult to deposit, often because of cut-off
Impact produces, and becomes aluminum and a great problem of aluminium alloy smelting enterprise urgent need solution.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: providing one can substitute plant ash and produce coverture, and raw material is easy to get, preparation method is simple, becomes
This is cheap, not welding.
Another object of the present invention provides the preparation method of this coverture.
Solve the problems referred to above and be the technical scheme is that one aluminum and aluminium alloy smelting coverture, be characterized in: described in cover
The raw material of lid agent includes cattle manure.
Described coverture adds villaumite and/or villiaumite.
Described villaumite includes using NaCl, KCl, MgCl2、CaCl2、CCl4、SiCl4、AlCl3Central one or many
Kind.
Described villiaumite includes: NaF, Na3AlF6、Na2SiF6、CaF2, one or more of in the middle of LiF.
The mass percent of described coverture component is: 80% cattle manure, 20% villaumite.
The mass percent of described coverture component is: 90% cattle manure, 10% villiaumite.
The mass percent of described coverture component is: 70% cattle manure, 20% villaumite, 10% villiaumite.
The mass percent of described coverture component is: 70% cattle manure, 10%NaCl, 10%KCl, 7.5%NaF, 2.5%
Na3AlF6。
Described coverture adds flyash, zeolite powder and bentonite.
The mass percent of described coverture component is: 85% cattle manure, 10% flyash, bentonite 3%, 2% zeolite powder.
The preparation method of described coverture is: cattle manure is dried, pulverizes, make powder.
The preparation method of described coverture comprises the following steps:
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred；
(7) except ferrum, magnetic iron-removal equipment is used to carry out except ferrum；
(8) pack, transport, store for future use.
Described cattle manure adds villaumite.It specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, adds villaumite in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, villaumite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
Described cattle manure adds villiaumite.It specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, adds villiaumite in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, villiaumite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
Described cattle manure adds villaumite and villiaumite.It specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, adds villaumite, villiaumite in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, villaumite, villiaumite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
Described cattle manure powder adds flyash, zeolite powder and bentonite, and it specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, flyash or 80 mesh sieves, zeolite powder, bentonite cross 100 mesh sieves, join in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, flyash, zeolite powder and bentonite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: alternative plant ash produces coverture, covering performance is better than plant ash, and aluminum is greatly improved
Metal Melting quality, and the development of a large amount of straw and herbage, beneficially farming and animal husbandry and the ecological construction on grassland can be saved, fully profit
With the cow dung resource on grassland, improve the added value of cattle manure, increase the income of peasants and herdsmen, it is achieved industrial and agricultural production is mutually promoted
Benign cycle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the experimental diagrams of the first embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the experimental diagrams of the second embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the experimental diagrams of the third embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the experimental diagrams of the 4th kind of embodiment；
Fig. 5 is the experimental diagrams of the 5th kind of embodiment.
Specific embodiments
The total design of the present invention is to prepare the coverture used by aluminum or aluminum alloy fusion process with cattle manure.Introduce below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Four kinds of embodiments.
The first embodiment: with cattle manure as raw material, through being dried, pulverizing, makes Powdered coverture.Available processing
Method is a lot, the most only recommends a kind of method, comprises the following steps:
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred；
(7) except ferrum, magnetic iron-removal equipment is used to carry out except ferrum；
(8) pack, transport, store for future use.
Using method: cattle manure is covered above the liquation of aluminum or aluminum alloy, can produce the effect of certain air-isolation.
Meanwhile, powder heated combustion, turn to dust and ashes, isolation effect is more preferable.Experiment proves: same product ash quantity, and cattle manure burning is produced
Raw flue gas, hence it is evident that less than straw or the produced smog of herbage burning, the impact on environment significantly reduces.
Additionally, due to aluminum metal melting enterprise power consumption is the highest, it is located at colliery and the near power station with coal power generation more, relies on coal
Electric resources obtains cost advantage, and colliery is many on grassland or innerland, grassland, and cattle-raising is more flourishing, and cow dung resource is abundanter.
Although the cattle manure on grassland can supplement the earth fertility on grassland, but must could be by soil absorption after differentiation, before differentiation
Not only can not discharge fertility, the most also steppe vegetation can be produced certain harmful effect.Also can fly away with the wind after differentiation, be
The ingredient of sand and dust, still has negative effect to environment.Visible, the cattle manure on grassland is except the external of a small amount of fuel as herdsman
Place is little.Even the feces of drylot feeding cattle, fuel or fertilizer also can only be done, compared with the straw producing plant ash and herbage, its
Cost is the most much lower, and the cost of collection is the highest, and melting enterprise can accept, and the peasants and herdsmen selling cattle manure also add income,
Reach the effect of doulbe-sides' victory.
Experimental conditions: with cattle manure coverture as experimental group, with plant ash coverture as matched group, in an atmosphere water content be 1.6%,
When temperature is 21 DEG C, relative humidity is 55%, in the case of smelting temperature about 650 DEG C, carry out contrast experiment.Due at aluminum
And during aluminium alloy smelting, hydrogen and oxide inclusion are the main matter polluting aluminum melt.Aluminum easily generates Al with oxygen2O3, simultaneously
The most easily absorbing hydrogen, hydrogen content accounts for 70～90% of gas gross in aluminum melt, and the major defect gas in Cast aluminium alloy gold
Hole and slag inclusion, it is simply that owing to the solid particles such as residual gas in the alloy and oxide cause.Therefore, in an experiment with aluminum
Hydrogen content in liquid is main test index, testing result as shown in Figure 1: along with the progress of smelting time, using cattle manure as covering
The aluminum liquid hydrogen of lid agent is in the lower section containing discharge curve of the aluminum liquid hydrogen using plant ash as coverture all the time containing discharge curve, and experimental group is described
Be better than matched group, i.e. the covering performance of cattle manure coverture is better than the covering performance of plant ash coverture.
Coverture in using cattle manure as aluminum or aluminum alloy fusion process, obtains at raw material, prepared by product, cover use and waited
Cheng Zhong, has the characteristic more superior than plant ash coverture.Plant ash is the product that will obtain after dry plant burning,
I.e. crude ash content, prepares plant used by plant ash and includes herbaceous plant, xylophyta etc., as leaves, branch, tree root, straw,
Rice hulls etc. all can, should first be dried before burning, then carry out pulverization process, carry out the most again burning preparation.The grass prepared
Wood ash to be also placed in dry environment and preserve, and will affect coverage effect as made moist.And cattle manure coverture is with fresh, dry
Dry cattle manure, as raw material, is dried, is pulverized, more directly cattle manure paving is sprinkled upon aluminum liquid surface, and compare plant ash
Preparation, use, save a large amount of operation.Cattle manure granule through sieving is tiny, forms fine and close cover layer on aluminum liquid surface, with every
Air and steam absolutely, i.e. has been equipped with the function of coverture before cattle manure is burnt.Cattle manure cover layer through burning after, the cinder of generation
Part is trapped in aluminum liquid surface, continues to play covering effect.As can be seen here, cattle manure coverture is compared plant ash coverture and is had more excellent
Gesture, more energy-conserving and environment-protective.
The second embodiment: with cattle manure as raw material, through being dried, pulverizing, makes Powdered coverture, and is covering
Agent adds villaumite.In villaumite, the salt-mixture of NaCl and KCl is widely used, and under smelting temperature, the proportion of NaCl and KCl is only
There is 1.55g/cm3 and l.50g/cm3, aluminium melt surface can be spread over well, the broken and oxide-film of absorption bath surface.
The mass percent of coverture component is: 80% cattle manure, 20% villaumite are advisable.Villaumite can use NaCl, KCl, MgCl2、
CaCl2、CCl4、SiCl4、AlCl3Central one or more.This example is preferred with 10%NaCl, 10%KCl.Specifically add
Work step is as follows:
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, adds villaumite in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, villaumite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
Experimental conditions: with cattle manure coverture (addition villaumite) as experimental group, is right with plant ash coverture (addition villaumite)
According to group, when water content in an atmosphere is 1.6%, temperature is 21 DEG C, relative humidity is 55%, it is about 650 DEG C at smelting temperature
In the case of carry out contrast experiment.With the hydrogen content in aluminum liquid for predominantly detecting index: testing result is as shown in Figure 2.Can by figure
See, along with the progress of smelting time, be in all the time using plant ash as covering containing discharge curve using cattle manure as the aluminum liquid hydrogen of coverture
The aluminum liquid hydrogen of the agent lower section containing discharge curve, illustrates that experimental group is better than matched group, i.e. the covering performance of cattle manure coverture is better than plant ash
The covering performance of coverture.
The third embodiment: with cattle manure as raw material, through being dried, pulverizing, makes Powdered coverture, and is covering
Agent adds villiaumite.Experiment shows: add NaF, Na in coverture3AlF6、CaF2Etc. a small amount of villiaumite, can effectively remove melt
The oxide-film on surface, improves degassing effect.The mass percent of coverture component is: 90% cattle manure, 10% villiaumite.Villiaumite bag
Include NaF, Na3AlF6、Na2SiF6、CaF2, one or more of in the middle of LiF.This example is with 7.5%NaF, 2.5%Na3AlF6
For preferably.Specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, adds villiaumite in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, villiaumite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
Experimental conditions: with cattle manure coverture (addition villiaumite) as experimental group, is right with plant ash coverture (addition villiaumite)
According to group, when water content in an atmosphere is 1.6%, temperature is 21 DEG C, relative humidity is 55%, it is about 650 DEG C at smelting temperature
In the case of carry out contrast experiment.With the hydrogen content in aluminum liquid for predominantly detecting index: testing result is as shown in Figure 3.Can by figure
See, along with the progress of smelting time, be in all the time using plant ash as covering containing discharge curve using cattle manure as the aluminum liquid hydrogen of coverture
The aluminum liquid hydrogen of the agent lower section containing discharge curve, illustrates that experimental group is better than matched group, i.e. the covering performance of cattle manure coverture is better than plant ash
The covering performance of coverture.
4th kind of embodiment: with cattle manure as raw material, through being dried, pulverizing, makes Powdered coverture, and is covering
Agent adds villaumite and villiaumite.In villaumite, the salt-mixture of NaCl and KCl is widely used, NaCl and KCl under smelting temperature
Proportion only have 1.55g/cm3 and l.50g/cm3, aluminium melt surface can be spread over well, broken and absorption bath surface
Oxide-film.NaF, Na is added in villaumite mixture3AlF6、CaF2Etc. a small amount of villiaumite, can effectively remove the oxidation of bath surface
Film, improves degassing effect.Flux component content span in coverture is wider, can be according to practical situation and institute's removal of impurity
Composition and content determine.The mass percent of this example recommendation coverture component is: 70% cattle manure, 20% villaumite, 10% villiaumite.
Recommendation employing following components: 70% cattle manure, 10%NaCl, 10%KCl, 7.5%NaF, 2.5%Na3AlF6.Its concrete steps
As follows:
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, adds villaumite, villiaumite in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, villaumite, villiaumite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
Experimental conditions: with cattle manure coverture (adding villaumite and villiaumite) as experimental group, (add villaumite with plant ash coverture
And villiaumite) it is matched group, when water content in an atmosphere is 1.6%, temperature is 21 DEG C, relative humidity is 55%, in melting
Contrast experiment is carried out in the case of temperature about 650 DEG C.Owing to, during aluminum and aluminium alloy smelting, hydrogen and oxide inclusion are dirty
The main matter of dye aluminum melt.Aluminum easily generates Al with oxygen2O3, the most easily absorbing hydrogen simultaneously, hydrogen content accounts for gas in aluminum melt
The 70～90% of total amount, and the major defect pore in Cast aluminium alloy gold and slag inclusion, it is simply that owing to remaining gas in the alloy
Cause with solid particles such as oxides.Therefore, in an experiment with the hydrogen content in aluminum liquid as leading indicator: testing result such as figure
Shown in 4.As seen from the figure, along with the progress of smelting time, using cattle manure as the aluminum liquid hydrogen of coverture containing discharge curve be in all the time with
Plant ash containing the lower section of discharge curve, illustrates that experimental group is better than matched group, i.e. the covering of cattle manure coverture as the aluminum liquid hydrogen of coverture
Performance is better than the covering performance of plant ash coverture.
5th kind of embodiment: adding flyash, zeolite powder and bentonite in described coverture, its mass percent is: 85%
Dry cattle manure powder, 10% flyash, 2% zeolite powder, bentonite 3%.
Flyash is to receive the flue gas after coal combustion to catch the fine ash got off, and flyash is that the primary solids that coal-burning power plant discharges gives up
Thing.The oxide of power plants flyash consists of: SiO2、Al2O3And a small amount of FeO, Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、
SO3、TiO2Deng.Wherein SiO2And Al2O3Content can account for more than the 60% of total content.The Zeolite Rock that zeolite powder is natural is levigate
Form, colours white.Zeolite also has the adsorptivity of uniqueness, catalytic, ion exchangeable.Bentonite is based on montmorillonite
Wanting the nonmetallic minerals of mineralogical composition, main mineral constituent is montmorillonite, and content, at 85-90%, has preferable ion exchangeable.
The specific make step of above-mentioned coverture is as follows:
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight, preferential less than 105 DEG C of baking temperature；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, crosses 80 mesh sieves flyash, and zeolite powder, bentonite cross 100 mesh sieves, join in dry cattle manure powder；
(7) stirring, carries out being sufficiently stirred for by cattle manure, flyash, zeolite powder and bentonite, makes each component mix homogeneously；
(8) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred mixture produced by (7th) step；
(9) magnetic iron-removal, uses magnetic iron-removal equipment to carry out mixture produced by (8th) step except ferrum；
(10) pack, transport, store for future use.
Experimental conditions: with cattle manure coverture (adding flyash, zeolite powder and bentonite) as experimental group, cover with plant ash
Agent (adding flyash, zeolite powder and bentonite) is matched group, and water content in an atmosphere is 1.6%, temperature is 21 DEG C, phase
When being 55% to humidity, in the case of smelting temperature about 650 DEG C, carry out contrast experiment.Great many of experiments shows, at cattle manure excrement
After central interpolation flyash, zeolite powder, bentonite, under conditions of being sufficiently mixed, the physicochemical character of material there occurs the biggest
Change, its globality and mobility the most more optimize, and quickly can form stable sealant, due to ventilative at the beginning of covering
Property poor, the combustion process after powder runs into aluminum liquid significantly extends, thus the isolation effect of air and bright to the adsorption of air
Aobvious enhancing, the effect of coverture and cattle manure powder add villaumite and villiaumite is suitable, and its cost is greatly reduced.With aluminum liquid in experiment
In hydrogen content for predominantly detecting index: testing result is as shown in Figure 5.As seen from the figure, along with the progress of smelting time, with cattle
The aluminum liquid hydrogen of excrement coverture is in the lower section containing discharge curve of the aluminum liquid hydrogen with plant ash coverture all the time containing discharge curve, and experimental group is described
Be better than matched group, i.e. the covering performance of cattle manure coverture is better than the covering performance of plant ash coverture.
Claims (10)
1. an aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture, it is characterised in that the raw material of described coverture includes cattle manure.
A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that add villaumite in described coverture
And/or villiaumite.
A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described villaumite include using NaCl,
KCl、MgCl2、CaCl2、CCl4、SiCl4、AlCl3Central one or more；Described villiaumite includes: NaF, Na3AlF6、
Na2SiF6、CaF2, one or more of in the middle of LiF.
A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the quality of described coverture component
Percentage ratio is: 80% cattle manure, 20% villaumite.
A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the quality of described coverture component
Percentage ratio is: 90% cattle manure, 10% villiaumite.
A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the quality of described coverture component
Percentage ratio is: 70% cattle manure, 20% villaumite, 10% villiaumite.
7. according to a kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture described in Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that described coverture component
Mass percent is: 70% cattle manure, 10%NaCl, 10%KCl, 7.5%NaF, 2.5%Na3AlF6。
A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that add fine coal in described coverture
Ash, zeolite powder and bentonite.
A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the quality of described coverture component
Percentage ratio is: 85% cattle manure, 10% flyash, bentonite 3%, 2% zeolite powder.
10. according to the preparation method of a kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy melting coverture described in claim 1 or 2 or 8, it is characterised in that
The preparation method of described coverture comprises the following steps:
(1) gather, gather cattle manure；
(2) it is dried, carries out the cattle manure gathered air-drying, dry in the sun so that it is water content is down to 8～14%；
(3) pulverize, dry cattle manure is pulverized；
(4) dry, the dry cattle manure crushed is dried to constant weight；
(5) sieve, use 4-10 mesh sieve that the cattle manure after pulverizing is screened, by cattle manure bigger for granule, be back to (3rd)
Step is pulverized again, then dries through (4th) step, again sieves, makes dry cattle manure powder；
(6) sample-adding, alone cattle manure powder or addition villaumite and/or villiaumite in cattle manure powder, or in cattle manure powder, add flyash, zeolite
Powder and bentonite, stir；
(7) slagging-off, uses slag remover to remove the gred；
(8) except ferrum, magnetic iron-removal equipment is used to carry out except ferrum；
(9) pack, transport, store for future use.
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| WO2019201070A1 (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | 东深金属燃料动力实验室有限责任公司 | Method for producing aluminum hydroxide from aluminum waste material |
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