CN114698591A

CN114698591A - Mucun yellow-breed chicken breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN114698591A
Application number: CN202210445843.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄永欢; 李和鸣; 祝春三; 伍献彬; 李志昌
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhushi Farming And Animal Husbandry Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhushi Farming And Animal Husbandry Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-26
Filing date: 2022-04-26
Publication date: 2022-07-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding Ricinus village yellow-breed chickens, which belongs to the technical field of animal breeding, and the Ricinus village yellow-breed chickens bred by the method can breed commercial Ricinus village yellow-breed chickens with better quality; the method comprises three stages of brooding period cultivation, finishing period cultivation and egg laying period cultivation, wherein the brooding period cultivation stage comprises the following cultivation steps: (1) sterilizing a brooding house and all brooding equipment 1 week before brooding, and starting heating equipment to raise the temperature of the brooding house 12-24 hours before brooding; (2) selecting chicks to enter a brooding house for breeding, feeding the chicks with chicken feed and drinking water every day, and controlling the temperature in the brooding house to decrease cycle by cycle and the humidity to decrease cycle by cycle; (3) the chicks are pecked when being aged for 7-10 days, and drinking water added with vitamin C and K3 is used before and after pecking.

Description

Mucun yellow-breed chicken breeding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, in particular to a Mucun yellow breed chicken breeding method.

Background

The Ricinus yellow chicken is a newly-bred high-quality broiler chicken complete set line variety, and has the characteristics of strong adaptability, less feed consumption, more egg laying and high survival rate. The feathers of the head and the neck of the adult Ricun yellow cock are golden or deep yellow, the back feather is dark red, the belly feather is deep yellow, and the main tail feather is black; yellow beak, shin, skin; standing a single crown, 6-8 crown teeth, bright red color, fresh red sagging flesh and iridescent red color; the chest is wide and the back is flat, the body is firm, and the body is compact. The feathers of the head and the neck of the adult Ricun yellow hen are yellow, the back and the abdomen feathers are yellowish and are tightly attached, and 3 to 5 tail feathers are provided with black edges, black spots or black; the beak, shin and skin are yellow, the single crown is upright, 5-7 crown teeth are provided, the color is bright red, and the flesh is fresh red; iridescent orange red; the egg laying method has the advantages that the back is flat, the chest angle is wide, the body type is medium, eggs can be laid after the eggs are put into a house from 66 weeks, the egg laying number can reach 160-170, and the produced eggs have quite obvious advantages compared with the same type of chicken particularly in the aspects of egg weight, eggshell quality, feed-egg ratio and the like. Therefore, how to scientifically feed and effectively control diseases of the Ricinus village yellow chickens and strictly manage the growth environment of the Ricinus village yellow chickens enables the Ricinus village yellow chickens to breed the Ricinus village yellow chickens with better quality to become an important factor in the commercialization process of the Ricinus village yellow chickens.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for breeding Ricmean yellow-breed chickens, and the Ricmean yellow-breed chickens bred by the method can breed commercial Ricmean yellow-breed chickens with better quality.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the Mucun yellow-breed chicken breeding method comprises three stages of brooding period breeding, growing period breeding and egg laying period breeding, wherein the brooding period breeding stage comprises the following breeding steps:

(1) sterilizing a brooding house and all brooding equipment 1 week before brooding, and starting heating equipment to raise the brooding house temperature 12-24 hours before brooding;

(2) selecting chicks to enter a brooding house for breeding, feeding the chicks with chicken feed and drinking water every day, and controlling the temperature in the brooding house to decrease week by week and the humidity to decrease week by week;

(3) cutting the beak when the chicks are about 7-10 days old, wherein drinking water added with vitamin C and K3 is used before and after the beak is cut;

the breeding stage in the breeding period comprises the following breeding steps:

(1) moving 7-week-old breeding hens to a common henhouse for breeding, feeding breeding materials or pre-production materials according to a limited feeding method, and gradually increasing the illumination time and the illumination intensity in the common henhouse;

(2) randomly extracting the breeding hens in each henhouse in proportion every week, weighing, and calculating and determining the feed amount fed to the chickens in the next week;

the egg producing period breeding stage comprises the following breeding steps:

(1) feeding feed for 21-week-old breeding hens in the egg laying period according to a limited feeding method, and controlling the temperature range in a henhouse to be 13-27 ℃ and the humidity range to be 45-65%;

(2) the breeding hens in each henhouse are randomly extracted in proportion every week and weighed, and the feed amount fed to the chickens in the next week is calculated and determined.

Further, in the step (1) of the breeding stage in the brooding period, all brooding equipment comprises a trough, a water dispenser and a heat retainer, the temperature of the back of the chicken in the heated brooding house reaches 32-34 ℃, and the room temperature reaches 26-28 ℃; when selecting chicks, the chicks are required to be robust, active and consistent in size, the abdomens of the chicks are soft, the umbilicus parts are well healed, and no bleeding marks or black or brown are generated.

Further, in the step (2) of the brooding period breeding stage, the temperature of the chicken back higher position in the brooding house in the first week is 32-34 ℃, the room temperature is 26-28 ℃, and then the temperature is reduced by 1-2 ℃ every week.

Further, in the step (1) of the breeding stage in the breeding period, when breeding hens are 5-19 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 10w, and the illumination length is 8 h; when the breeding hens are 20 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 10w, and the illumination length is 10 h; when the breeding hens are 21 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 10w, and the illumination length is 11 h; when the breeding hens are 22 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 60w, and the illumination length is 13 h; when the breeding hens are 23-24 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common chicken house is 60w, and the illumination length is 14 h; when the breeding hens are 25 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 60w, and the illumination length is 15 h; when the breeding hens are 26 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common chicken house is 60w, and the illumination length is 16 h.

Further, in the step (2) of the breeding stage in the growing period, breeding hens in each henhouse are randomly extracted according to 5-10% every week and weighed, and the average weight is calculated after weighing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

aiming at three stages of brooding period breeding, growing period breeding and laying period breeding in the cultivation of the Li village yellow breed chickens, equipment in a brooding house is firstly disinfected and the brooding house temperature is increased in advance in the brooding period breeding stage, then the chicks are selected to enter the brooding house for breeding, feed and drinking water are fed to the chicks according to the amount every day, the temperature in the brooding house is controlled to be reduced cycle by cycle, and the humidity is reduced cycle by cycle; the chicks are pecked when being aged for 7-10 days, and drinking water added with vitamin C and K3 is used before and after pecking. In the breeding stage, 7-week-old breeding hens are moved to a common henhouse for breeding, breeding materials or pre-production materials are fed according to a limited feeding method, and the illumination time and the illumination intensity in the common henhouse are gradually increased; the breeding hens in each henhouse are randomly extracted in proportion every week and weighed, and the feed amount fed to the chickens in the next week is calculated and determined. Feeding feed for 21-week-old breeding hens in the egg laying period according to a limited feeding method, and controlling the temperature range in a henhouse to be 13-27 ℃ and the humidity range to be 45-65%; the breeding hens in each henhouse are randomly extracted in proportion every week and weighed, and the feed amount fed to the chickens in the next week is calculated and determined. Therefore, scientific feeding and strict management of the growth environment can be respectively carried out according to the growth characteristics of each stage of the Mucun yellow chicken, so that the Mucun yellow chicken can breed the Mucun yellow commercial chicken with better quality.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The invention relates to a method for breeding Ricinus yellow-breed chickens, which comprises three stages of breeding in a brooding period, breeding in a breeding period and breeding in an egg laying period.

1. Breeding management in brooding period

1.1 preparation before brooding and selection of chickens

1 week before brooding, the brooding house and all brooding equipment including the trough, the drinking bowl, the heat retainer and the like are thoroughly disinfected, and the heating equipment is started 12-24 hours before brooding, so that the temperature of the chicken at the back of the body reaches 32-34 ℃ and the room temperature reaches 26-28 ℃. When selecting chicks, the chicks are required to be robust, active and consistent in size, the abdomens of the chicks are required to be soft, the umbilicus parts are well healed, and no bleeding marks or black or brown are generated.

1.2 temp., humidity and ventilation for brooding

The brooding temperature is based on the temperature at the high back of the chicks, the brooding temperature gradually decreases along with the gradual growth of the chicks, generally, the temperature at the high back of the chicks in the first week is 32-34 ℃, the room temperature is 26-28 ℃, then the temperature decreases by 1-2 ℃ every week, and the specific room temperature is adjusted according to the air temperature, the types of the henhouses and the health conditions of the chicks. When the brooding temperature is proper, the chicks have good appetite, drinking water, liveliness and liveliness in the daytime, quiet and no screaming sound at night, the chicks are uniformly spread, the neck is extended, and the chicks are rested on the ground or extend to the wings; when the temperature is low, the chickens are densely piled, the appetite is poor, the chickens do not want to walk, and the chicks can be heard to make screaming sound; when the temperature is higher, the chicks breathe with mouth opening, drinking water is increased, and the chicks are far away from a heat source. The relative humidity of the brooding chamber is kept between 65% and 70% in the first week, and the relative humidity is kept between 55% and 65% in the second week. With the growth of chicks and the reduction of indoor temperature and the increase of the feeding, drinking and excrement discharge of chickens, attention is paid to reduce humidity to prevent excrement pollution and the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and attention is paid to open windows of brooding rooms to strengthen ventilation.

1.3 raising Density and positions of feed and water troughs

The breeding density varies according to different breeding modes, generally 15-20 breeding plants are bred per square meter in flat breeding, and 45-55 breeding plants are bred per square meter in cage breeding. The feeding position required by each chicken during brooding is 4-6 cm, the drinking water level is 1.2-1.6 cm, and the feeding position and the drinking water level can be increased or decreased according to the situation on site in the specific implementation process. Each barrel type feeder can feed 20-30 chickens, and each water fountain can feed 100-150 chickens.

1.4 feed and rearing

The chicken feed of yellow-feathered broilers can be adopted during brooding, a small amount of more feed is needed when the feed is fed, the feed is fed for 4-5 times every day, the chicks are allowed to eat freely, and the feeder and the water fountain are needed to be scattered in chicken flocks.

1.5 timely cutting off the beak

The beak is cut when the patient is about 7-10 days old, so that pernicious phenomena such as the anus of the beak and the feather of the beak can be reduced, and the upper beak 1/2 and the lower beak 1/3 are generally cut off. Vitamin C and K3 can be added into drinking water 1-2 days before and after beak breaking to prevent bleeding.

2. Cultivation management in breeding period (7-20 weeks old)

The breeding feed (feed in the growth period) has a lower energy concentration, a lower crude protein and a lower amino acid than the breeding chick feed and the egg feed (pre-feed), and the other nutrient levels are not much different or equal. Pre-feeds are almost identical to feeds. This is necessary to control the growth rate during the growth phase.

During the growing period, the weight is weighed every week, and whether the weight is evenly increased or not is considered, so that the standard is met. The weight was used to evaluate our feed quality, feed quantity and our management.

Body weight is affected by the following factors:

(1) the energy concentration of the feed and the balance relationship between energy and other nutrients (protein, amino acid, mineral, vitamin and the like).

(2) And under the condition that the nutrient level of the feed is certain and no other factors influence, the feed/weight gain ratio has certain value at different ages in weeks. Namely feeding the chicken with a certain feed amount, and ensuring that the weight of the chicken reaches a corresponding value. If the feed amount fed to the chickens is the same as the feed amount recommended by the feeding manual without the influence of other factors, but the weight is smaller than the standard value of the feeding manual, the situation that the nutrient level of the feed is insufficient or unbalanced, whether the feed is wasted or not is shown, and the chickens actually do not eat the corresponding feed amount is shown.

(3) Disease factors influence the feed intake and nutrient digestion and absorption of the chickens, and in terms of actual intake amount, if the chickens eat the proper amount, but if diseases such as parasitic diseases, enteritis and diarrhea exist, the chickens do not digest and absorb the nutrition, so that the weight naturally does not reach the standard, and therefore, the chicken flock is controlled in management so as to avoid the problems, or the problems are timely discovered and timely treated and remedied.

(4) The density factor is possibly encountered in the breeding process, the same number of chickens and the same number of feeds are used, the weight of the chickens with high density is small, and sometimes the chickens with low density cannot be caught up with the feeds, so the factor is considered to be important in the breeding process.

(5) When the feeding quantity is unchanged and the immunity times are more, the weight is smaller than the standard, so that the factor needs to be considered in advance when the feeding quantity is adjusted, and corresponding adjustment is performed in advance (adjustment when a feeding plan is made). Stress should also be minimized and adjusted during scheduling.

(6) The individual differences are large after weighing, and the reasons for the large individual differences are many, and the individual differences need to be observed, searched, analyzed and solved carefully. First, those factors are considered to affect the chicken's feed intake to the same amount.

A. The feeding equipment used by the user is not fully known and is good in use, and the defects of trough type, barrel type and disc type (pipe type) feeding systems are overcome.

B. Uneven distribution, which relates to manual methods and whether corresponding auxiliary equipment and measures exist in mechanical distribution speed.

C. The chickens are unevenly distributed, namely, the number of the chickens around the feeding device is different in certain sections and fences, so the number of the chickens or the feeding device is required to be adjusted.

D. The individual factors, some chickens have poor beaks and are low in feed intake when eating; some chickens are small from the small crop, and the feed eaten is always less; some chickens have poor digestibility; some chickens are sick, etc.

(7) The environment temperature and the change of the environment temperature change the maintenance requirements of the chicken. Namely: the area of the henhouse, the feeding amount, the heat preservation degree, whether to supply heat or not, the difference between the temperature in the henhouse and the external temperature and the lowest temperature which can be reached. Whether the material quantity provided in a period of time reaches the standard weight and is worse (presumed according to the material and the past condition of the user), and the user revises the feeding plan according to the material quantity provided for weeks later and the weight increasing condition of each week to make the weight closer to the standard.

Weighing (timed, fixed-point, scaled, non-quantitative):

the purpose of weighing is to evaluate the feeding amount and cultivation management in the past, and provide basis for designing the feeding amount of the next section and improving the cultivation management. The weighing needs to be accurate, and the following points need to be made:

(1) a weighing apparatus: the weighing apparatus used is accurate and has small sensitivity. Generally, a spring scale or an electronic scale is used, zero setting and sensitivity adjustment are needed before use, and the use process is also checked to prevent failure.

(2) Weighing time: typically on friday or saturday afternoon. Generally, a feeding plan is designed to ensure that no feeding is carried out on friday or saturday, and the weighing in the afternoon is certainly fasting, so that the material quantity can be conveniently changed on sunday and another feeding system can be conveniently changed. Once the weighing time is determined, it should be weighed at the same time every week.

(3) The key points are: the importance is called at the henhouse selection point (or selecting several cage positions), and then the cards are hung, and the importance is called at the several points each time. The selected points are in front of, behind, in the middle of, on the left of and on the right of the henhouse, and are all as much as possible (i.e. the sampling is to represent the whole henhouse), and the selected points are all as much as possible (the large, the middle and the small groups are all). In order to exclude various factors.

(4) Selecting the following proportion: the proportion is 5-10%, the group size is smaller, and the large, medium and small groups are weighed as the number of chickens.

(5) When weighing, the number of chickens with each weighing point is not limited by the size, and the size is not selected and discarded.

(6) The weight is calculated immediately after weighing and if the difference is too large, it is reweighed much smaller or larger than the previous week (much worse than the standard body weight).

Factors affecting the weight of the breeding hens

Subjective factors:

(1) degree of skill and elaboration for the breeder

(2) Good or bad beak

(3) Chicken flock density

(4) Environmental sanitation in house

(5) Stress(s)

(6) Immunization (especially the first month of brooding)

(7) The distance between the waterline and the stockline and the chicken

(8) Feeding scheme (feed limit) (same feed quantity increase unstable)

A feeding system: four and three times of feeding at 5-12 weeks of age, five and two times of feeding at 13-20 weeks of age, and daily feeding at 20 weeks of age. The feed restriction system was used to allow the chickens to gain weight evenly in anticipation of the simultaneous arrival of body and sexual maturity.

The feeding limit method is not fixed. The limited feeding method is used in which weeks, firstly, the feeders are different and can be flexibly adopted; firstly, the chicken flocks have different conditions, for example, the chicken flocks can adopt 'daily feed limitation' when the chicken flocks are sick and transferred. Some chickens cannot bear strong limited feeding, and only five or two limited feeding is adopted. As long as the chicken flocks can feed uniformly, gain weight uniformly and have high uniformity, the method can be applied to a limited feeding method.

When the feeding limiting method is changed, the feeding limiting method is preferably carried out on weekdays (chicken farms making weekly reports), if the feeding limiting method is changed suddenly, the amount of the materials distributed in the week is calculated, and the amount of the rest materials is distributed in the next few days, so that the chickens can only obtain the standard material amount in the week.

No matter what kind of feed limiting method is adopted, the feed amount in the feeding day does not exceed the feed amount in the egg laying peak day, and once the feed amount is close to the feed amount, the feed limiting method is changed. In order to increase the weight of the chickens evenly in the stage of limited feeding, the feed amount needs to be increased at a constant speed.

Feed distribution: the chicken breeders firstly need to study and understand the advantages and the disadvantages of feeding equipment in own farms. To use these feeding devices scientifically and correctly, (buckets, troughs, pan stocklines) allow each chicken to eat the same amount of feed at substantially the same time. This is done as much as possible.

(1) Calculating the material quantity:

A. according to the feeding handbook, the feeding plan material amount is recommended or made by the feeding handbook.

B. Calculating the actual feeding amount (daily feeding amount), feeding every other day, and feeding every other day. 2/1 is 2 times. Namely 2 times of the material amount per day; feeding for four and three times, wherein the feed amount is 7 days and is 4 days; 7/4 is 1.75 times, namely 1.75 times of the feed amount per day. The feed is limited by five or two, and the feed is put in the feed for 7 days and 5 days. 7/5 is 1.4 times. I.e. 1.4 times the amount of material per day. The daily feed limitation is to be carried out according to the daily feed amount.

C. And calculating the material amount to be fed in the whole house on the feeding day according to the number of the chicken storage columns (male and female) in each house.

D. If the chicken is classified, the feed amount of the cock is different from that of the hen, and the number and the material level of the cock are calculated, the other part to be put in is taken out and added.

E. When the weight gain curve (designed for balanced weight gain) is designed separately for a relatively low weight of the chicken group, the feed amount may be set according to the previous feed/weight gain ratio (in a non-disease state) of the chicken group, and the feed amount may be corrected by comparing the feed amount with the set curve after weighing.

Calculation of feed amount (growth period) 4/3 feeding limitation

(2) General principles of feed delivery:

A. accurate weighing

B. The material distribution is quick, so that the chickens can eat the feed at the same time.

C. The material distribution is uniform, namely the material amount of each feeder (each section and each plate) is equal.

D. The material distribution, chicken feeding and the like can not be leaked, and the leaked materials are timely complemented, so that the chicken can eat the required amount.

E. The material level is sufficient, and each chicken has a corresponding position to eat the feed. The breeding manager should observe the chickens during feeding (when the chickens eat feed), because even if the number of the chickens and the material level are accurately calculated, the situation that more chickens and less chickens exist in different areas (sections and plates) occurs. When people see that the two sides (the periphery) of the feeder are full of chickens for feeding, and other chickens cannot find the material level, the material level is insufficient, otherwise, the situation is corresponding or redundant, and measures such as increasing the material level and reducing the density and the like are adopted as soon as possible.

F. The daily feed amount is added once and not divided into several times.

G. The feeding time is generally that the chicken starts to transport the feed to eat when the light is turned on in the morning. In summer, early morning feeding

(3) Other problems in the feed distribution process:

A. when distributing materials, checking whether the material number is correct, and whether the granularity, the color and the taste of the materials are the same as usual.

B. And (5) checking whether mildew blocks and impurities exist or not during material distribution.

C. The feed intake time of the chicken flocks is recorded (different chicken flocks are compared, and only the flock is prolonged or shortened compared with the daily flock) and the feed intake time of the chicken flocks is determined to be the time from the beginning of the feeding to the time when little feed powder is left.

(4) Uniformity control: we generally say that uniformity is by weight.

The purpose of controlling the uniformity is as follows: the weight uniformity is how close the weights of a group are at a certain stage, how large the proportion is concentrated near the average value, and conversely, how large the weight is and how small the weight is. The weight gain of chickens is controlled through feeding and management, and the whole chicken group is expected to be relatively regular in development, small in weight variation and basically as large as the whole chicken group. The chickens with the same weight have regular laying, and the laying peak is high, which is the expression of successful feeding.

Uniformity of each stage

The week of the year	4	7	12	16	20	24	Egg producing period
								Uniformity%	88-90	86-88	82-84	84-86	86-88	88-90	90-92

③ the calculation method of the uniformity (the weight uniformity): the weight was recorded one by one when the chicken coop stalls were weighed in proportion. The weights are accumulated one by one to find the sum and average. The average value is the total shed average body weight. The average is 10% above baseline minus 10%. The two-terminal value (for example, the average value of the body weight is 1200 g, adding 10% results in 1200+1200 × 10%, (1320 g), and subtracting 10% results in 1200 × 10%, (1080 g). The counts within the values at both ends are looked up from the weighing table. Dividing the sum by the total weight sum and multiplying by 100% to obtain the weight uniformity of the shed.

Factors influencing uniformity:

A. diseases: chronic respiratory diseases, coccidiosis and other diseases causing damage to the intestinal system

B. The vaccine used is too virulent, resulting in a vaccine response that is too strong.

C. If the beak is not good, the ingestion is affected by too many beaks are cut off, the soft beak deformation beak is formed by excessive ironing, the tongue tip is scalded and the like.

D. Too poor brooding conditions, cold stress. The conversion process from manual feeding and drinking water to automatic equipment is not ideal, and the chick group is changed, so that the chick grows and develops unevenly in stages.

E. The feed quality is poor.

F. The density is high. The feeding, feeding and drinking areas are not enough.

G. The feed in the feeder is distributed unevenly or the placement positions of the feeder are not opposite and uneven.

H. Improper water-limiting procedure.

(5) Uniformity and inspection method

A. Uniformity of body weight (same as above).

B. Breast fullness: the size of the skeleton and the weight of the chicken may be different, but the development degree and the fullness of the breast muscles may be the same. Typically by the age of 15 weeks, the breast muscle should completely cover the bone. The breast muscle should look like the english letter "V" and insufficient fullness like the letter "Y". The section of the chicken at the age of 22 weeks looks like a full V or between V and U, and the section of the chicken at the age of 25 weeks looks like U. During examination, large, medium and small chickens, chickens with different body shapes, walking postures and hair covers are grabbed to one touch to estimate the proportion of the chickens with different fullness in the whole group of development conditions.

C. Wing fullness (degree of muscle development): the fat-thin degree of the wings is similar to the plump degree of the breasts. The fat and thin degree of the wing is monitored by pressing the muscle between the radius and ulna of the chicken. The meat content of the tip of the thumb of a person is similar to that of the tip of the thumb of a person at the age of 20 weeks, and the meat content of the tip of the index finger of the person is similar to that of the tip of the index finger of the person at the age of 25 weeks.

D. Main wing feather moulting speed: the main wing feathers are fleshed from the shaft feathers to the outer side, and are generally fleshed one at two circumferences. The whole process can be completed by 23 weeks. The chickens with different weights, body shapes and hair covers are grabbed, the main wings of the chickens are not changed after the main wings of the chickens are calculated to be 23 weeks, the main wings of the chickens are not changed, the main wings of the chickens are concentrated on the standard number of the main wings of the chickens, namely +/-1, and the uniformity of the feather changing speed is good.

E. Uniformity of sexual development: the chickens in different conditions are grabbed to touch the pubic spacing, and the proportion of the chickens is judged, namely the uniformity of sexual character development is estimated.

F. Uniformity of skeleton development.

Illumination control

1. Design of illumination system

Light meter

The week of the year	5～19	20	21	22	23	25	26
								Length of illumination (h)	8	10	11	13	14	15	16
Luminous intensity (w)	10	10	10	60	60	60	60

2. Factors affecting the intensity of illumination

(1) Henhouse buildings, tile houses and roofs are high, and the light reflection is poor; the reflecting light of the single-storey house is light. Roof white light reflection intensity. Dark wall reflection is poor and white reflection is strong. Thus, it is desirable to take measures to make the roof and walls white or to use a light umbrella.

(2) The size and degree of light transmission of the window when natural light is used. The window is sized appropriately so that the incoming light is unshaded. The glass of the window needs to be wiped, the iron net needs to be cleaned frequently, and the white plastic cloth is changed one by one.

(3) The bulb should be kept bright, and should be wiped every day, and if it is bad, the bulb should be replaced.

(4) The voltage insufficiency is prevented, and the voltage insufficiency is influenced by the fact that whether the brightness of the lamp is consistent (several times of comparison) and the contact of a wire and a switch connector is poor or not is checked every day.

(5) When the energy-saving lamp is used, the illumination intensity on the ground needs to be measured, and the energy-saving lamp has a light decay phenomenon after being used for a long time. A yellow energy-saving lamp is used.

3. Management of egg laying prophase (20-24 weeks old in light stimulation period)

In this stage, the reproductive system develops rapidly and matures gradually, and all the work is done with maximum stimulation to promote development and maturation. We know that the uniformity of the breeding period of some chicken flocks is poor, the weight of the breeding period is small, and many other problems occur in the breeding period, but the egg laying period is good, the egg laying peak is high, and most of the problems are the reason for the good work in the period.

1. The feed and the feeding stage are characterized in that the activity of the chicken is increased, the reproductive system is rapidly increased, the body weight is rapidly increased, protein and calcium are required to be deposited, the digestive ability of the digestive system is required to be adapted to the situation.

The following must be made:

A. daily gavage was changed to 17 weeks.

B. At 18 weeks, the pre-production was changed, and the change took three days to complete (1/3, 2/2, 3/1).

And at the C.20 week period, the dosage of various vitamins and trace elements is increased, so that egg laying can be facilitated later. During this period, the digestive tract is adapted to the change due to stress (hormone secretion is increased rapidly, immunity is improved, chicken is selected, etc.) possibly for a long time, and if the digestive tract is changed late, the diarrhea phenomenon occurs after the birth, and in addition, the nutritional requirement factors are added, the egg laying material should be changed for 21 weeks.

2. During the drinking period, the drinking water amount is increased, the water level needs to be increased so as to supply sufficient drinking water, and the water quality needs to be paid attention so as to avoid causing digestive tract diseases.

3. Ventilation this period up to 30 weeks of age and even the whole egg laying period is a very important work item. The ventilation of the reproductive system in a sufficient amount during the rapid development period can increase the oxygen content in blood, ensure the oxygen required by the vigorous metabolism of the organism and is the key point for the development and maturation of the ovarian follicles in that number. The ventilation in the house is good, then the oxygen concentration in the house is high, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide concentration and other harmful gases is low. Good ventilation in the house, strengthened chicken activity, vigorous metabolism in the body and contribution to the development of reproductive system. Therefore, the ventilation quantity is increased by the method of thinking. When the temperature is low, the temperature in the house is increased so as to increase the ventilation quantity.

4. Chicken flock finishing, immunization and medication: the work items in the stage are many, the stress to the chicken flocks is also great, and people need to do each work and arrange the order well, so that the stress to the chicken flocks is reduced. During the period, the work of detecting the pullorum disease, the mycoplasmosis and the Newcastle disease antibody, counting the number of chickens, eliminating the dysplastic chickens (whole group) and the like is carried out before the immunization work. After immunization, there is a great stress, which not only has poor immunization effect, but also can cause diseases.

Working plan in development period

1. Working procedure in growing period

The program is made according to the equipment and cultivation management mode in the own site and the work required by each week. Such as some items in a particular job.

The working program is influenced by large working items such as immunization, group adjustment and the like in many times, but in any case, some necessary work is required to be done, such as material transportation, chicken group observation, water supply, drug administration, off-duty inspection, report filling and the like.

The schedule is compiled in order to ensure that various works in the farm are not disordered, the preparation work is timely, and the work is timely completed, especially when a plurality of chickens in different weeks are in the farm. The basis for the planning is as follows:

(1) the immunization schedule is first written with the age of the week, date (preferably the day of the first week and the day of the last week), house number. Considering the conditions of different ages in the week and chicken flocks, all the immunizations are written in the date.

(2) Coordination of work items: some main work items such as the change of the feeding restriction system, lighting, group adjustment, the whole group, etc. need to be arranged uniformly, and see which work should be done first in the week (such as the change of the feeding restriction system, the change of the number of hours of light irradiation, and the change of the intensity), which work should be done last to ensure the effect.

(3) When a certain chicken flock has special conditions, along with the change of the immunization plan, some work items of the flock need to be changed along with the change of the immunization plan, and other flocks can also be changed along with the change of the immunization plan.

And (3) working procedures in the growing period:

7: 30-8: 00, replacing the sterilized water, turning on the lamp, transporting materials, and cleaning.

8: 00-9: 10 observe the chicken group and dose.

9: 10-11: 30 are particularly operative.

11: 30-13: 00 lunch and lunch break.

13: 00-14: 10 check the tank, water level.

14: 10-15: 00 operate in particular.

15: 00-15: and (30) preparing materials, checking a switch, a valve and filling a report.

15: 30-17: 00 light is turned off, and the work in the field is arranged.

17: 00 cleaning the working environment and leaving the office.

The special work is as follows:

cleaning workshop doors and windows, a cleaning fan, an iron net sweeping water washing tank, a flushing pipe, a cleaning ditch, maintenance equipment facilities, cleaning the outside of the henhouse, repairing the path, mowing, adjusting the henhouse, weighing, and cleaning the front and back of the henhouse.

3. Egg producing period management (21-66 weeks)

At this time, the laying frequency of most chickens increased due to the fact that some chickens were continuously laid, the laying rate reached a peak at the age of 27 to 28 weeks, and then slowly decreased every week until 66 weeks of age were eliminated. Egg weight also increases with increasing age of the egg-laying week, and increases fastest with the first few weeks of laying. The egg weight is always increased, and once the egg weight is reduced, a problem can be caused in the aspect of feed, and the problem is not influenced when a few chickens are newly produced. We also note that body weight is also increasing at this time.

The egg laying rate is increased, the egg laying frequency is increased, the fertility rate is also increased rapidly, the success rate of cock breeding is increased rapidly in the period, the fertility rate is gradually reduced after the peak, and the change of the fertility rate is determined by the breeding management in the later period and whether the disease affects the oviduct of the hen.

With the change of the laying rate, the color of the eggs also changes, the eggs in the early stage become red and pink, and the eggs in the later stage become gradually white. The eggshell also becomes thinner and more fragile as the weight of the egg increases. Therefore, after the peak, the calcium is added into the feed. It is also possible that the function of calcium absorption and utilization is reduced as the age of the chicken increases.

A. Influence of environment on postnatal cocks and hens

After the development, the secretion of hormone in the body is increased, the hormone is very sensitive to environmental change and becomes nervous, and the hormone becomes frightened and exploded in large groups if the hormone is slightly abnormal. Therefore, the work of personnel and the like needs to prevent frightened groups, and the neural chicken groups are found to have high laying rate, so that the people can prevent the frightened groups on the one hand and can also make the chickens have some neural substances on the other hand.

The resistance of the newly-opened chicken group to diseases is weak, so the efforts are doubled before the birth in the aspects of environmental management and disease control. The metabolism of the chicken group and the organism is vigorous at this time, and the metabolism is mainly in the aspect of egg laying. Therefore, the best production performance is achieved by meeting the requirements of feed, drinking water, ventilation, temperature and humidity.

With the increase of the egg laying age in the week, the feather quilt is changed, some chickens can change the feather while laying eggs, and some chickens can be changed almost at once, and in the period, the chicken body is particularly sensitive to temperature and ventilation. Therefore, the chicken needs to have proper temperature and ventilation, and the wind speed cannot be too fast, because the chicken with fast wind speed is cold at the same temperature.

B. Characteristics of nutrient and daily ration formula

Compared with brooding feed, the feed for egg-laying period contains less crude protein, lower amino acid, higher linoleic acid and higher calcium, and the rest are basically the same.

Compared with the breeding period, the crude protein of the feed in the egg laying pre-period is higher, and the feed in the egg laying peak period is basically equal. The feed amino acid level is slightly higher than the growth period in the early egg laying period and the peak period, the calcium is greatly higher than the growth period, and the trace elements and the vitamins are higher. Importantly, healthy chickens need to be hatched out for being sold to customers for raising after producing commercial eggs.

4. Feeding in egg producing period

The feed amount of each chicken in the chicken group per day is determined according to the increase range of the weight of the chicken group, the increase and decrease range of the laying rate, the change of the environmental temperature and the feeding of eggs. However, in any case, excessive weight gain or weight loss is detrimental to egg production.

After considering and determining the influence of the factors, the feed amount of the next week is determined according to the feed amount provided in the feeding scheme plan, and the feed amount of each house is obtained by multiplying the daily feed amount by the number of chickens in the house. For example, the standard is 85 g, but when we consider the situation, 85.5 g is fed to a shed of 3000 chickens, and the feeding amount of the shed per day is 0.0855 × 3000 to 256.5 kg.

In addition to the above-described major principal considerations, there are also some specific feeding issues to be addressed.

A. The feeding time and times are generally 5: 00-6: 00 feeding, and starting feeding after turning on the light. Firstly, the feeding time is not changed, and the habit rules of eating, drinking and laying eggs of the chickens are not disturbed. And the second is an illumination system established by considering the relationship and influence of natural light and light adding time. The light regime should not have a negative effect on the chickens (bad settings, actual light decreases after prolonged as the age of the week increases). And thirdly, if the chicken needs to eat the feed in cool summer, the chicken can eat the feed completely.

B. In the period from late autumn to early spring, the temperature of the henhouse may not be supplied timely or not enough, and the feeding amount should be increased.

C. The chicken house needs to be increased in feeding amount when not being heated (in winter).

D. Because the caged chicken has less activity, the maintenance needs to be relatively less, and less feed is needed.

Feeding and reducing:

(1) feeding of newly-opened chicken flocks

Seasonal factors are generally considered in the actual feeding process to control the weight of the initial product and the feeding after the initial product is started, namely, the initial product enters the chicken flock with the peak in the hot days, the initial product is small in weight, preferably 1.3-1.35 kg, the feeding speed is slow, the situation that the weight of the chicken is large and the heat resistance is poor in the hot days due to the excessive hot days is avoided, and the situation that the feeding needs to be paid more attention when no water curtain exists is avoided. When the winter comes to the peak, the weight of the produced product can be larger, preferably 1.4-1.45 kg, and the feeding speed can be faster, so that the cold resistance is stronger.

And (3) conventional material reduction: generally, material reduction is started when the peak is reached, and there are: "the peak is to go up and the feed is to be reduced", and people think that the feed is reduced only 4-5 weeks after the peak is up and the laying rate is reduced. After the peak, the chicken is dare not to be fed with the feed to be fat. The egg laying peak is continued for two weeks, after which, the feed is reduced by 1-3 g/egg per week, and is reduced by 3-5 weeks, and then is reduced by 0.5 g/week or not until the egg laying is finished. It is noted that over-fattening of hens also results in a decrease in laying and fertilization rates.

The reduction of feed is based on the laying rate, body weight and egg weight. They were used to assess correctness.

(2) And (3) feed evaluation:

A. if the laying rate is raised to a certain height by tentative feeding, whether the high feed amount is enough or not is not known, 0.5-1 g of feeding is needed to be continuously carried out for 3 days, and if the egg laying reaction and the feed speed are observed, if the egg laying reaction does not occur, the feeding speed is immediately reduced to the original high feed amount.

B. The phenomenon of insufficient feed quantity is that the feed reduction reaction body weight is reduced, the egg laying is reduced, and the feed intake time is shortened.

5. Feeding in other cases

(1) The weight of the egg increases after the peak, and the eggshell becomes thin, so calcium supplement should be added.

(2) The situation of chicken flocks is noticed in the whole egg laying period, when the egg laying rate is high, before and after immunization, when the digestive tract absorption rate of the chicken flocks is poor, the water intake in hot summer is large, and when the water is discharged and defecated, the feed amount of high-quality multivitamins is increased so as to ensure that the sufficient amount is absorbed and the sufficient amount is deposited in hatching eggs.

(3) During the period from the beginning of laying to the peak of laying, a plurality of vitamins are added for 3 days every week (2 days after the peak of laying), so as to ensure the fertilization rate, the hatching rate and the requirement of embryo health.

(4) The drinking water supply, to some extent, the water ratio is also important. The influence of water for one time of breaking on egg laying is larger than that of feeding for one time of breaking, the time is long, and sufficient and high-quality water supply is the premise of ensuring the normal production of the chicken flocks.

(5) Drinking water position

A. The water outlet speed and the water drop size are determined according to the number of chickens drinking water after eating the feed, whether the water level depth is enough or not.

B. If the drinking time of the chickens needs to be seen, if the drinking time is long, a plurality of chickens are always drinking from the morning to the nipple waterline in the afternoon, and the drinking fountain does not go summer, which indicates that the drinking fountain has less water.

(6) Water quality: water quality generally has two meanings. One is bacterial and one is mineral hardness. The bacterial aspect is generally from the maximum acceptable level of total bacteria count of 100/ml, Escherichia coli 50 (q)/ml. Mineral hardness: the maximum acceptable level of total hardness is 180, too soft below 60 and too hard above 180. A pH lower than 6.3 lowers the productivity. Others such as nitrates, chlorides, copper, iron, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfates have certain maximum acceptable levels.

A. The water quality is often checked, such as the total number of bacteria and the number of Escherichia coli at one month. (sampling 3 minutes from the workshop, tap Water discharge)

B. When the index of Escherichia coli exceeds standard, adding chlorine-containing disinfectant into the water pool for disinfection.

C. The bacteria count may be greatly increased in the main pipe and after the drinker is overnight (especially in summer), so that the pipe is flushed every morning and clean fresh water is put into the main pipe of the drinker.

D. The water pipe is flushed immediately after the additive is added, so that deposits are prevented from depositing and blocking the water pipe, and bacteria are prevented from breeding.

E. The water tank and the filter screen need to be cleaned regularly.

F. When the water well is found to have problems, another water well is dug.

6. Environmental requirements of the egg laying period

1. Temperature: the proper temperature can give full play to the production performance of the chicken, and the economic benefit is the best.

(1) Effect of high temperature on production performance:

A. the high temperature causes the laying rate to be reduced, the eggs to be small and the quality of the eggshells to be poor. Probably at high temperature, the chicken body radiates heat and flows through a large amount of blood flow of peripheral blood vessels, so that the blood flow flowing through an ovary and an oviduct is reduced, the follicle develops slowly, the follicle matures and is reduced, the weight is reduced, the body fat amount is small, the lipid synthesis capability is reduced, the yolk is reduced, the calcium level is reduced, and the supply of other nutrients is reduced.

B. The high temperature causes the reproductive capacity of the cocks to decline.

(2) Effect on production performance at low temperature: the sudden decrease in temperature, especially in climate or the continuation of low temperature, causes a decrease in laying rate and a decrease in feed utilization, but the egg weight is normal.

(3) As the temperature drops suddenly and the temperature reduction range is large for several times when the temperature changes from late autumn to early winter, the chicken can not adapt to high temperature and large temperature difference, so the heat preservation and the temperature supply need to be paid full attention.

(4) Most of the chickens raised flatly at the later stage of egg laying have more hair loss and are sensitive to low temperature and temperature change.

(5) The temperature is in a proper range, and the temperature of high-quality broiler breeder chickens is generally 13-27 ℃.

2. Humidity: the suitable humidity is beneficial to the replacement of the quilt hair, the heat dissipation of the chicken body, the humidity of the padding and the activity of the chicken flocks and the health of the chicken flocks.

(1) The heat dissipation of chickens is not good due to high temperature and high humidity, the heat dissipation capacity of chicken bodies is increased under the condition of low temperature and high humidity, the heat dissipation of the bodies is large, the feed consumption is increased, and the feed reward is reduced.

The humidity in the house is large, the mould can not be removed, the mould is easy to breed, the feather quilt of the chicken is also dirty, the hatching eggs are easy to be dirty, and the hatchability and the health of the young chicken are affected.

(2) The humidity in the house is low, so that the dust is much, and respiratory diseases are easily caused.

(3) The suitable humidity is 45-65%.

3. Ventilating: after the chicken is started, the egg laying frequency is increased, the weight is also increased, the food and the water are both increased, and the chicken is in a vigorous metabolic stage. On the one hand, sufficient oxygen is provided to support the needs of the chickens; on the other hand, excrement and decomposition products of metabolites (harmful gases) in the house are discharged out of the house, and dust, bedding materials and other powder generated by chicken activities are also discharged out of the house.

(1) Hazards due to insufficient ventilation: inadequate ventilation in the house, resulting in PO₂The oxygen in the chicken blood is insufficient, the blood oxygen flowing through the ovary is relatively less, and the development of the follicle is not favorable; PO (PO)₂Low CO, CO₂And harmful gases such as: the partial pressure of ammonia gas, ammonia sulfide gas, etc. is relatively high. Too high a content in blood is harmful to the lung and the body; the immune antibody also has a damaging effect on respiratory mucosa, so that the resistance of an organism is reduced, the antibody level is slowly increased after immunization, the antibody titer is low, and the antibody is quickly reduced; dust and water in the house are more, pathogenic microorganisms are attached to the dust and the tiny water drops, and dust infection and droplet infection are caused in the house.

(2) Wind speed: wind speed is needed for ventilation, air cannot flow, and therefore a certain wind speed is needed in the house. The air can discharge the harmful substances out of the house, and the required wind speed is different under various conditions. Otherwise, the chicken is adversely affected.

Ventilation requirements in various situations: from the stage of production to the peak, it is the key period of sexual maturity and follicle development, so no matter what season, it should create conditions to increase the ventilation as much as possible. The wind speed in the house is low, the mental state of the chicken is not as lively as the wind speed is high, and the chicken has negative influence on the egg laying thereafter. In the later period of laying eggs, the feather of the chickens is reduced, and if the wind speed is high during ventilation, the chickens are cold at the same temperature, because the heat of the chickens is directly taken away by the wind.

The wind speed is fast in summer so as to facilitate heat dissipation of the chicken, and the wind speed is fast in winter so that the chicken is very cold, so that the wind speed can reach 1.2-2.8 m/s in summer, and 0.3-0.5 m/s in winter is not more than 0.5 m/s.

4. Illumination: the illumination is an important factor influencing egg laying, and the egg laying of the chickens is not favored by insufficient illumination length, insufficient brightness and disordered system.

(1) Length: after the illumination length is set, supplementary illumination is generally carried out in the morning and at night, and the start and end time of the supplementary illumination in the morning and at night is determined by considering the local time of brightness and darkness, namely, the illumination is shortened after the illumination cannot be increased (the shortened illumination is unfavorable for the egg laying of chickens). In order to prevent the illumination length from being shortened in the egg laying period, the illumination length is shortened, and the time is locked for light supplement.

(2) Strength: in the light stimulation, the difference of the light intensity from the light intensity in the growth period is considered, and if the light intensity is treated well in all aspects, the intensity is not weakened, so that the light bulb is wiped every day, and the light bulb is used for checking the brightness, the voltage and the like so as to maintain the intensity.

(3) And (3) homogenizing: the illumination is uneven, some chickens receive insufficient illumination, the laying rate is low, some chickens lay eggs in a dark place, and the bulbs are frequently checked and replaced by the unlighted bulbs in time in the laying period.

(4) Using natural light: in the laying period, natural light is used no matter in an open house or a closed house. Firstly, the natural light intensity is large, and secondly, the energy is saved. However, in addition to the above-mentioned situation (1), the change is noted, that is, the intensity is sometimes lower than the intensity of the light bulb when it is rainy in cloudy days, and the light is turned on to ensure that the chicken receives enough light.

5. Environmental sanitation: in the whole egg producing period, the feed trough is required to have no mildewed feed, windows, walls and roofs in houses have no cobweb dust, a workshop is always kept clean, the ground at an air inlet is required to be clean, and an exhaust fan partition net has no dust, chicken feathers and the like. These requirements are all to create a good production environment for chicken flocks to reduce the occurrence and spread of diseases.

The invention relates to a method for breeding Ricinus communis yellow-breed chickens, which aims at three stages of brooding period breeding, breeding in a growing period and breeding in an egg laying period in Ricinus communis yellow-breed chicken breeding, and according to the growth characteristics of each stage of Ricinus communis yellow-breed chickens, scientific feeding and strict management are respectively carried out, so that the Ricinus communis yellow-breed chickens with better quality can be bred.

The above description is only exemplary of the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The Mucun yellow-breed chicken breeding method is characterized by comprising three stages of brooding period breeding, growing period breeding and laying period breeding, wherein the brooding period breeding stage comprises the following breeding steps:

(1) sterilizing a brooding house and all brooding equipment 1 week before brooding, and starting heating equipment to raise the temperature of the brooding house 12-24 hours before brooding;

(2) selecting chicks to enter a brooding house for breeding, feeding the chicks with chicken feed and drinking water every day, and controlling the temperature in the brooding house to decrease cycle by cycle and the humidity to decrease cycle by cycle;

the egg producing period breeding stage comprises the following breeding steps:

2. The method for breeding the Ricinus yellow-breed chickens in Ricinus village according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) of the breeding stage in the brooding period, all brooding equipment comprises a feeding trough, a water fountain and a heat retainer, the temperature of the chicken at the back height in the heated brooding house is 32-34 ℃, and the room temperature is 26-28 ℃; when selecting chicks, the chicks are required to be robust, active and consistent in size, the abdomens of the chicks are soft, the umbilicus parts are well healed, and no bleeding marks or black or brown are generated.

3. The method for breeding the Limura yellow chicken according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2) of the breeding stage in the brooding period, the temperature of the chicken at the back height in the brooding house in the first week is 32-34 ℃, the room temperature is 26-28 ℃, and then the temperature is reduced by 1-2 ℃ every week.

4. The method for breeding Ricmean yellow-breed chickens according to claim 1, wherein in the breeding stage (1), the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 10w and the illumination length is 8h when the breeding chickens are 5-19 weeks old; when the breeding hens are 20 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 10w, and the illumination length is 10 h; when the breeding hens are 21 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 10w, and the illumination length is 11 h; when the breeding hens are 22 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 60w, and the illumination length is 13 h; when the breeding hens are 23-24 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common chicken house is 60w, and the illumination length is 14 h; when the breeding hens are 25 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common henhouse is 60w, and the illumination length is 15 h; when the breeding hens are 26 weeks old, the illumination intensity in a common chicken house is 60w, and the illumination length is 16 h.

5. The method for breeding Ricmean yellow-breed chickens according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2) of the breeding period, 5-10% of breeding chickens in each henhouse are randomly extracted every week and weighed, and the average weight is calculated after weighing.