CN114696605A - Buck-boost converter and inductive current sampling circuit thereof - Google Patents
Buck-boost converter and inductive current sampling circuit thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114696605A CN114696605A CN202011620003.7A CN202011620003A CN114696605A CN 114696605 A CN114696605 A CN 114696605A CN 202011620003 A CN202011620003 A CN 202011620003A CN 114696605 A CN114696605 A CN 114696605A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
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- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a buck-boost converter and an inductive current sampling circuit thereof, wherein the inductive current sampling circuit comprises: the sampling resistor is coupled to the input end of the power stage circuit, and the voltage amplifying circuit, the buffer circuit and the sample hold circuit are connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor. The inductive current sampling circuit is used for sampling the current of the input end of the power stage circuit to obtain a sampling current under the condition that the power stage circuit is in a continuous transmission mode (CCM), converting the sampling current into a voltage signal, performing integral operation on the voltage signal in a time domain, and outputting a sampling signal representing the average value of the inductive current of the power stage circuit, so that accurate inductive average current information is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to a buck-boost converter and an inductive current sampling circuit thereof.
Background
The existing DC/DC Converter with wide input voltage includes cascaded buck-boost Converter, H-bridge buck-boost Converter, cuk Converter, SEPIC (Single Enable Primary Inductance Converter) and other structures. Among them, the H-bridge buck-boost converter (single inductor or non-inverting buck-boost converter) is widely applied to the fields of electric power, communication and electronic instruments due to its advantages of in-phase input and output, low switching loss, and scalable output voltage, and the optimization strategy of its circuit switch also becomes a hot spot of current research.
The buck-boost converter operates in three different modes of operation based on the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage. These modes include buck, boost, and buck-boost modes. When the input voltage is higher than the output voltage, the buck-boost converter works in a buck mode to reduce the input voltage to a voltage level required by the output of the buck-boost converter; when the input voltage is lower than the output voltage, the boost-buck converter works in a boost mode to increase the input voltage to a voltage level required by output; when the input voltage is close to the output voltage, the buck-boost converter works in buck-boost mode.
The working principle of the existing buck-boost converter is mainly to collect output voltage in real time, generate corresponding control signals according to the error between the real-time output voltage and the expected output voltage and inductive current information, adjust the switching state and the conduction duty ratio of a switching tube in a power stage circuit, and further change input current to change the output voltage. When the average value of the inductive current of the buck-boost converter is relatively constant, the amplitude of the inductive current fluctuates greatly, and the accuracy of inductive current information greatly affects the accuracy in the control process, so how to calculate the average value of the variable inductive current is a research focus of the existing buck-boost converter for loop control of the buck-boost converter.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a buck-boost converter and an inductor current sampling circuit thereof, which can accurately obtain the average inductor current information of a circuit when the circuit is in a continuous transmission mode.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter, the buck-boost converter comprising a power stage circuit responsive to an input voltage to generate a regulated output voltage, wherein the inductor current sampling circuit comprises: the sampling resistor is used for receiving the input voltage at a first end, connecting a second end to the input end of the power stage circuit, and sampling the current of the input end to obtain a sampling current; the voltage amplifying circuit is used for converting the sampling current into a voltage signal; and the input end of the sampling and holding circuit is used for receiving the voltage signal, and the sampling and holding circuit is used for performing integration operation on the voltage signal in a time domain and outputting a sampling signal representing the average value of the inductive current of the power level circuit.
Optionally, the inductor current sampling circuit further includes: and the buffer circuit is connected between the output end of the operational amplifier and the input end of the sampling hold circuit.
Optionally, the voltage amplifying circuit includes: and a positive phase input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the first end of the sampling resistor, a negative phase input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the second end of the sampling resistor, and an output end of the operational amplifier is used for outputting the voltage signal.
Optionally, the sample-and-hold circuit includes: a first switch, a first end receiving the voltage signal; a first resistor having a first end connected to the second end of the first switch; and a first capacitor, a first end of which is connected to a second end of the first resistor, a second end of which is connected to the reference ground, and an intermediate node between the first resistor and the first capacitor, wherein the integration operation is used for sampling the voltage signal when the first switch is turned on and holding the voltage signal when the first switch is turned off.
Optionally, the power stage circuit includes a first power switch connected between the input terminal and the inductor, and the first switch is turned on and off synchronously with the first power switch in the power stage circuit.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a buck-boost converter comprising: a power stage circuit responsive to an input voltage to generate a regulated output voltage; the inductive current sampling circuit is coupled to the power stage circuit, samples the current at the input end of the power stage circuit to obtain a sampling current, converts the sampling current into a voltage signal, performs an integration operation on the voltage signal in a time domain, and outputs a sampling signal representing the average value of the inductive current of the power stage circuit.
The inductive current sampling circuit of the buck-boost converter provided by the invention obtains the sampling current by sampling the current at the input end of the power level circuit, converts the sampling current into the voltage signal, and performs integral operation on the voltage signal in a time domain.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating an operation of an inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter in buck mode according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a waveform diagram illustrating an operation of an inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter in a boost mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the various figures are denoted by like reference numerals. For purposes of clarity, the various features in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Moreover, certain well-known elements may not be shown in the figures.
In the following description, numerous specific details of the invention, such as structure, materials, dimensions, processing techniques and techniques of components, are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
It should be understood that in the following description, a "circuit" refers to a conductive loop formed by at least one element or sub-circuit through an electrical or electromagnetic connection. When an element or circuit is referred to as being "connected to" another element or element/circuit is referred to as being "connected between" two nodes, it may be directly coupled or connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present, and the connection between the elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly coupled" or "directly connected" to another element, it is intended that there are no intervening elements present.
It should be understood that in the following description, a power switch refers to a switching device in a converter, which causes an energy storage element (e.g., an inductor) to start storing energy when the power switch is turned on, and a current flowing through the energy storage element rises. Correspondingly, a rectifier switch refers to a switching device that starts to discharge electric energy from an energy storage element (e.g., an inductor) in the converter when the switching device is actively turned on, and the current flowing through the energy storage element starts to decrease.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the buck-boost converter includes a power stage circuit 100 and an inductor current sampling circuit 200. The power stage circuit 100 includes a first switching circuit composed of a power switch Q1 and a rectifying element Q2, a second switching circuit composed of a power switch Q3 and a rectifying element Q4, and an energy storage element L. In the present invention, the power switch of the power stage circuit 100 refers to a switch in the buck-boost converter that intermittently turns on to control power flowing into the energy storage element so that the pure element stores or releases energy. The rectifying element refers to a switch which is intermittently conducted in the buck-boost converter so that the energy stored by the energy storage element can flow to the load.
In the present embodiment, the power switches Q1 and Q3 may be any controllable semiconductor switching devices, such as Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), or the like. The rectifying elements Q2 and Q4 may be any controllable semiconductor switching devices, such as Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), etc. In some embodiments, the rectifying elements Q2 and Q4 may also be rectifying diodes. The energy storage element L may be an inductor or a transformer.
In the present embodiment, the power switch Q1 is connected between the input end of the input voltage Vac and the first end of the energy storage element L, and the rectifying element Q2 is connected between the first end of the energy storage element L and the reference ground. The rectifying element Q4 is connected between the output terminal of the output voltage Vsys and the second terminal of the energy storage element L, and the power switch Q3 is connected between the second terminal of the energy storage element L and ground. With the power switches Q1 and Q4 turned on and off, the energy storage element L stores and outputs energy. The output capacitor Cout is connected between an output terminal of the output voltage Vsys and a reference ground for filtering the output voltage Vsys.
The control terminal of the power switch Q1 receives a first control signal Vg1, and the control terminal of the rectifying element Q2 receives a second control signal Vg 2. The first control signal Vg1 and the second control signal Vg2 are used for controlling the alternating on and off of the power switch Q1 and the rectifying element Q2, respectively. For example, when the power switch Q1 and the rectifying element Q2 are both NMOS transistors, the first control signal Vg1 and the second control signal Vg2 are signals that are inverted with respect to each other. For another example, when the power switch Q1 and the rectifying element Q2 are an NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor, respectively, the first control signal Vg1 and the second control signal Vg2 are the same signal.
The control terminal of the power switch Q3 receives a third control signal Vg3, and the control terminal of the rectifying element Q4 receives a fourth control signal Vg 4. The third control signal Vg3 and the fourth control signal Vg4 are used for controlling the alternating on and off of the power switch Q3 and the rectifying element Q4, respectively. For example, when the power switch Q3 and the rectifying element Q4 are both NMOS transistors, the third control signal Vg3 and the fourth control signal Vg4 are signals that are inverted with respect to each other. For another example, when the power switch Q3 and the rectifying element Q4 are an NMOS transistor and a PMOS transistor, respectively, the third control signal Vg3 and the fourth control signal Vg4 are the same signal.
The inductor current sampling circuit 200 is configured to collect a current signal at an input end of the input voltage Vac, convert the current signal into a voltage signal, and perform an integration operation on the voltage signal in a time domain to obtain a sampling signal representing an average value of the inductor current.
Further, the inductor current sampling circuit 200 includes a sampling resistor Rac, a voltage amplifying circuit 210, a buffer circuit 220, and a sample-and-hold circuit 230. The sampling resistor Rac is connected between the input end of the input voltage Vac and the power switch Q1, and the voltage amplifying circuit 210 is configured to convert the sampling current collected by the sampling resistor Rac into a voltage signal. The buffer circuit 220 has an input terminal receiving the voltage signal and an output terminal connected to the sample-and-hold circuit 230. The sample hold circuit 230 performs an integration operation based on the first control signal Vg1 and the output signal of the buffer circuit 220, thereby outputting a sample signal Viac _ avg representing the average value of the input current.
Further, the voltage amplifying circuit 210 is implemented by, for example, an operational amplifier, a non-inverting input terminal of which is connected to a first terminal of the sampling resistor Rac, an inverting input terminal of which is connected to a second terminal of the sampling resistor Rac, and an output terminal of which is used for outputting the voltage signal.
Further, the buffer circuit 220 is implemented by, for example, an operational amplifier, a non-inverting input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the voltage amplifying circuit 210, and an inverting input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal.
Further, the sample-and-hold circuit 230 includes a first switch S1, a first resistor R1, and a first capacitor C1. A first terminal of the first switch S1 is connected to the output terminal of the buffer circuit 220 for receiving the output signal of the buffer circuit 220, a control terminal of the first switch S1 is configured to receive the first control signal Vg1, a second terminal of the first switch S1 is connected to a first terminal of a first resistor R1, a second terminal of a first resistor R1 is connected to a first terminal of a first capacitor C1, a middle node of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 is configured to output the sampling signal Viac _ avg, and a second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the ground reference.
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating an operation of an inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter in buck mode according to an embodiment of the invention. In fig. 2, waveforms of the first control signal Vg1, the inductor current iL, the sampling current Irac, and the sampling signal Viac _ avg are respectively shown from top to bottom. When the circuit is operating in buck mode, the power switch Q3 remains off, the rectifying element Q4 remains on, and the power switch Q1 and the rectifying element Q2 alternately turn on and off. When the loop is in a steady state, the current flowing through the inductor L changes in a triangular wave period, and the rising waveform of the inductor current iL in each period is overlapped with the waveform of the current flowing through the power switch Q1, at this time, the power switch Q1 is turned on, and the rectifying element Q2 is turned off. Since the loop is in a steady state, the average value of the inductor current iL is equal to the average value of the rising waveform thereof, and the rising waveform of the inductor current iL is equal to the current on the sampling resistor Rac and the current flowing through the power switch Q1, so that the sampling current Irac collected by the sampling resistor Rac can represent the current flowing through the inductor L. The voltage amplifying circuit 210 converts the sampled current Irac into a voltage signal, i.e., a voltage signal containing information of the sampled current Irac can be obtained, and then the buffer circuit 220 drives the low-pass filter RC network in the sample-and-hold circuit 230, and the voltage signal is subjected to an integration operation of the first switch S1 and the low-pass filter RC network controlled by the first control signal Vg 1. The sample-and-hold circuit 230 filters the output signal of the buffer circuit 220 when the first control signal Vg1 is at a high level, and holds the output signal when the first control signal Vg1 is at a low level, and the obtained sampling signal Viac _ avg is equal to the time length divided by the time length after the inductor current iL is integrated in the time domain, that is, the sampling signal Viac _ avg can represent the average value iL _ avg of the inductor current.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram illustrating an operation of an inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter in a boost mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows waveforms of the first control signal Vg1, the fourth control signal Vg4, the inductor current iL, the sampling current Irac, and the sampling signal Viac _ avg from top to bottom. When the circuit is operating in the boost mode, the rectifying element Q2 remains off, the power switch Q1 remains on, and the rectifying element Q4 and the power switch Q3 alternately turn on and off. Similarly, when the loop is in a steady state, the waveform of the inductor current iL is equal to the current on the sampling resistor Rac and the current flowing through the power switch Q1, so that the sampling current Irac collected by the sampling resistor Rac can represent the current flowing through the inductor L. The voltage amplifying circuit 210 converts the sampling current Irac into a voltage signal, i.e. a voltage signal containing information of the sampling current Irac can be obtained, and then the buffer circuit 220 drives the low-pass filter RC network in the sample-and-hold circuit 230, and the sampling signal Viac _ avg representing the average value iL _ avg of the inductor current iL can be obtained through the integration operation of the first switch S1 and the low-pass filter RC network controlled by the first control signal Vg 1.
In summary, the inductor current sampling circuit of the buck-boost converter provided by the invention obtains the sampling current by sampling the current at the input end of the power stage circuit, converts the sampling current into the voltage signal, and performs the integration operation on the voltage signal in the time domain.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While embodiments in accordance with the invention have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. An inductor current sampling circuit of a buck-boost converter, the buck-boost converter comprising a power stage circuit responsive to an input voltage to generate a regulated output voltage, wherein the inductor current sampling circuit comprises:
the sampling resistor is used for receiving the input voltage at a first end, connecting a second end to the input end of the power stage circuit, and sampling the current of the input end to obtain a sampling current;
the voltage amplifying circuit is used for converting the sampling current into a voltage signal; and
and the input end of the sampling and holding circuit is used for receiving the voltage signal, and the sampling and holding circuit is used for performing integration operation on the voltage signal in a time domain and outputting a sampling signal representing the average value of the inductive current of the power level circuit.
2. The inductor current sampling circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
and the buffer circuit is connected between the output end of the operational amplifier and the input end of the sampling hold circuit.
3. The inductor current sampling circuit of claim 1, wherein the voltage amplification circuit comprises:
and a positive phase input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the first end of the sampling resistor, a negative phase input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the second end of the sampling resistor, and an output end of the operational amplifier is used for outputting the voltage signal.
4. The inductor current sampling circuit of claim 1, wherein the sample-and-hold circuit comprises:
a first switch, a first end receiving the voltage signal;
a first resistor having a first end connected to the second end of the first switch; and
a first capacitor having a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the first resistor and a second terminal connected to the reference ground, wherein an intermediate node between the first resistor and the first capacitor is used for outputting the sampling signal,
wherein the integration operation is used to sample the voltage signal when the first switch is on and to hold the voltage signal when the first switch is off.
5. The inductor current sampling circuit of claim 4 wherein the power stage circuit comprises a first power switch connected between the input terminal and the inductor, the first switch turning on and off in synchronization with a first power switch in the power stage circuit.
6. A buck-boost converter comprising:
a power stage circuit responsive to an input voltage to generate a regulated output voltage; and
the inductor current sampling circuit of any one of claims 1 to 5, coupled to a power stage circuit, for sampling a current at an input of the power stage circuit to obtain a sampled current, converting the sampled current into a voltage signal, and integrating the voltage signal in a time domain to output a sampled signal representing an average value of an inductor current of the power stage circuit.
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| CN202011620003.7A CN114696605A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Buck-boost converter and inductive current sampling circuit thereof |
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| CN202011620003.7A CN114696605A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Buck-boost converter and inductive current sampling circuit thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116539949A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-04 | 杰华特微电子股份有限公司 | Current detection device, detection method and switching circuit of H-bridge circuit |
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