CN114685284B - 一种三芳胺类有机化合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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- -1 Triarylamine organic compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004431 deuterium atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005577 anthracene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pd(PPh3)4 Substances [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- NUGPIZCTELGDOS-QHCPKHFHSA-N N-[(1S)-3-[4-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1-pyridin-3-ylpropyl]cyclopentanecarboxamide Chemical compound C(C)(C)C1=NN=C(N1C1CCN(CC1)CC[C@@H](C=1C=NC=CC=1)NC(=O)C1CCCC1)C NUGPIZCTELGDOS-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,尤其涉及一种三芳胺类有机化合物及其应用,该有机化合物的结构如下式所示:所述Ar1至Ar6分别独立的表示为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的苯并菲基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二甲基芴基、取代或未取代的螺芴基中的任一种;所述L表示为单键或亚苯基;虚线表示为两个基团可以以单键形式键接,也可以不连接;取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、苯基、萘基、联苯基、菲基或二苯并呋喃基。本发明芳胺类有机化合物有优异的空穴迁移能力,用作空穴传输区域能够实现有机电致发光器件的低驱动电压下的高效率发光。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,尤其涉及一种三芳胺类有机化合物及其应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光(OLED:Organic Light Emission Diodes)器件技术既可以用来制造新型显示产品,也可以用于制作新型照明产品,有望替代现有的液晶显示和荧光灯照明,应用前景十分广泛。OLED发光器件犹如三明治的结构,包括电极材料膜层,以及夹在不同电极膜层之间的有机功能材料,各种不同功能材料根据用途相互叠加在一起共同组成OLED发光器件。作为电流器件,当对OLED发光器件的两端电极施加电压,并通过电场作用有机层功能材料膜层中的正负电荷,正负电荷进一步在发光层中复合,即产生OLED电致发光。
构成OLED器件的OLED光电功能材料膜层至少包括两层以上结构,产业上应用的OLED器件结构,则包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层等多种膜层,也就是说应用于OLED器件的光电功能材料至少包含空穴注入材料,空穴传输材料,发光材料,电子传输材料等,材料类型和搭配形式具有丰富性和多样性的特点。另外,对于不同结构的OLED器件搭配而言,所使用的光电功能材料具有较强的选择性,相同的材料在不同结构器件中的性能表现,也可能完全迥异。
因此,针对当前OLED器件的产业应用要求,以及OLED器件的不同功能膜层,器件的光电特性需求,必须选择更适合,具有高性能的OLED功能材料或材料组合,才能实现器件的高效率、长寿命和低电压的综合特性。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明申请人提供了一种三芳胺类有机化合物及其应用。本发明提供的有机化合物中间以芳香环为桥连基团,3个含N基团分散连接在芳香环上,具有优异的空穴传输能力、膜相态稳定性和耐候性。通过使用本发明提供的有机化合物来形成有机电致发光器件的空穴传输材料时,可显示出器件性能的提高,例如器件效率提升、驱动电压降低和寿命延长等效果。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种三芳胺类有机化合物,该有机化合物的结构如通式(I)所示:
所述Ar1至Ar6分别独立的表示为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的二联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的苯并菲基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二甲基芴基、取代或未取代的螺芴基中的任一种;
所述L表示为单键或亚苯基;
虚线表示为两个基团可以以单键形式键接,也可以不连接;
取代基团的取代基任选自氘原子、苯基、萘基、联苯基、菲基或二苯并呋喃基。
优选的,所述L表示为单键。
优选的,所述L表示为亚苯基。
优选的,所述Ar1至Ar6分别独立的表示为苯基、萘基、二联苯基、二苯并呋喃基的一种。
优选的,所述通式(I)表示为通式(I-1)至通式(I-9)任一所示结构:
更优选的,所述化合物具体结构为如下结构中的任一种:
一种有机电致发光器件,包括阳极、空穴传输区域、发光区域、电子传输区域和阴极,所述空穴传输区域包含前述任一项所述的三芳胺类有机化合物。
优选的,所述空穴传输区域依次包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层和电子阻挡层;所述空穴注入层和空穴传输层包括前述任一项所述的三芳胺类有机化合物。
优选的,所述发光区域包含主体材料和客体材料,其中所述主体材料包含蒽基团,客体材料为荧光材料;所述空穴注入层为前述任一项所述的三芳胺类有机化合物和P型掺杂材料的混合膜层。
一种照明或显示元件,包括前述任一项所述的有机电致发光器件。
本发明有益的技术效果在于:
本发明的芳胺类有机化合物,中间以芳香环为桥连基团,3个含N基团分散连接在芳香环上,使得本发明申请化合物有优异的空穴迁移能力。
在本发明的有机电致发光器件中,空穴传输区域包含如上所述的芳胺类有机化合物,因为具有较强的空穴注入传输能力和适宜的能级,空穴可以有效传输并注入至发光层,可以实现有机电致发光器件的低驱动电压下的高效率发光。
本发明化合物支链呈放射状,使得分子的平面性较差,且分子间作用力较小。分子的平面性差使得本发明申请化合物具有优异的膜相态稳定性和耐候性,有机电致发光器件使用本发明的化合物作为空穴注入层和空穴传输层材料可获得优异的寿命,尤其是高温寿命。
附图说明
图1为为本发明所列举的材料应用于OLED器件的结构示意图;
图中:1为基板层,2为ITO阳极层,3为空穴注入层,4为空穴传输,5为电子阻挡层,6为发光层,7为空穴阻挡层,8为电子传输层,9为电子注入层,10为阴极反射电极层,11为CPL层。
图2为化合物1的核磁H谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1:中间体N-1的合成
在氮气气氛下,向500ml的三口烧瓶中加入0.02mol原料A-1,加入混合溶剂(120ml甲苯,36ml H2O)将其溶解,通氮气搅拌1小时,然后缓慢加入0.011mol原料B-2、0.04molK2CO3、0.002mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热至90℃,反应8小时,利用薄层色谱(TLC)观察反应,直至反应完全。自然冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水萃取,分液,将有机相进行减压旋蒸至无馏分。所得物质通过硅胶柱纯化,得到中间体N-1,纯度99.7%,收率76.8%。元素分析结构(分子式C42H31ClN2):理论值:C,84.19;H,5.22;Cl,5.92;N,4.68;测试值:C,84.11;H,5.24;Cl,5.93;N,4.71。LC-MS:测定值:599.35([M+H]+);精确质量:598.22。
实施例2:中间体N-2的合成
在氮气气氛下,向500ml的三口烧瓶中加入0.02mol原料A-1,加入混合溶剂(120ml甲苯,36ml H2O)将其溶解,通氮气搅拌1小时,然后缓慢加入0.011mol原料B-3、0.04molK2CO3、0.002mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热至90℃,反应8小时,利用薄层色谱(TLC)观察反应,直至反应完全。自然冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水萃取,分液,将有机相进行减压旋蒸至无馏分。所得物质通过硅胶柱纯化,得到中间体N-2,纯度99.7%,收率75.6%。元素分析结构(分子式C42H31ClN2):理论值:C,84.19;H,5.22;Cl,5.92;N,4.68;测试值:C,84.09;H,5.24;Cl,5.93;N,4.72。LC-MS:测定值:599.29([M+H]+);精确质量:598.22。
实施例3:中间体N-3的合成
在氮气气氛下,向500ml的三口烧瓶中加入0.02mol原料C-1,加入混合溶剂(120ml甲苯,36ml H2O)将其溶解,通氮气搅拌1小时,然后缓慢加入0.011mol原料B-4、0.04molK2CO3、0.002mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热至90℃,反应8小时,利用薄层色谱(TLC)观察反应,直至反应完全。自然冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水萃取,分液,将有机相进行减压旋蒸至无馏分。所得物质通过硅胶柱纯化,得到中间体N-3,纯度99.6%,收率72.9%。元素分析结构(分子式C42H27ClN2):理论值:C,84.76;H,4.57;Cl,5.96;N,4.71;测试值:C,84.69;H,4.59;Cl,5.97;N,4.73。LC-MS:测定值:595.24([M+H]+);精确质量:594.19。
以与实施例1、2或3相同的方法制备下列中间体N(所用原料均采购于中节能万润有限公司),合成原料如下表1所示;
表1
实施例4:中间体M的合成
在氮气气氛下,向500ml的三口烧瓶中加入0.06mol原料B,加入混合溶剂(300ml甲苯,90ml H2O)将其溶解,通氮气搅拌1小时,然后缓慢加入0.05mol原料A、0.1mol K2CO3、0.005mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热至90℃,反应8小时,利用薄层色谱(TLC)观察反应,直至反应完全。自然冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水萃取,分液,将有机相进行减压旋蒸至无馏分。所得物质通过硅胶柱纯化,得到中间体Q。
在氮气气氛下,向500ml的三口烧瓶中加入0.06mol中间体Q,加入混合溶剂(300ml甲苯,90ml H2O)将其溶解,通氮气搅拌1小时,然后缓慢加入0.05mol原料C、0.1mol K2CO3、0.005mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热至90℃,反应8小时,利用薄层色谱(TLC)观察反应,直至反应完全。自然冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水萃取,分液,将有机相进行减压旋蒸至无馏分。所得物质通过硅胶柱纯化,得到中间体M。
以与实施例4相同的方法制备下列中间体M(所用原料均采购于中节能万润有限公司),合成原料如下表2所示;
表2
实施例5:化合物1的合成
在氮气气氛下,向500ml的三口烧瓶中加入0.01mol原料B-1,加入混合溶剂(180ml甲苯,54ml H2O)将其溶解,通氮气搅拌1小时,然后加入0.036mol原料A-1、0.06mol K2CO3、0.003mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热至90℃,反应8小时,利用薄层色谱(TLC)观察反应,直至反应完全。自然冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水萃取,分液,将有机相进行减压旋蒸至无馏分。所得物质通过硅胶柱纯化,得到目标产物,纯度99.9%,收率89.1%。元素分析结构(分子式C60H45N3):理论值:C,89.19;H,5.61;N,5.20;测试值:C,89.14;H,5.63;N,5.22。LC-MS:测定值:808.10([M+H]+);精确质量:807.36。
实施例6:化合物9的合成
在氮气气氛下,向500ml的三口烧瓶中加入0.05mol中间体N-1,加入混合溶剂(300ml甲苯,90ml H2O)将其溶解,通氮气搅拌1小时,然后加入0.06mol原料C-1、0.1molK2CO3、0.005mol Pd(PPh3)4,加热至90℃,反应8小时,利用薄层色谱(TLC)观察反应,直至反应完全。自然冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水萃取,分液,将有机相进行减压旋蒸至无馏分。所得物质通过硅胶柱纯化,得到目标产物,纯度99.8%,收率91.7%。元素分析结构(分子式C60H43N3):理论值:C,89.41;H,5.38;N,5.21;测试值:C,89.45;H,5.37;N,5.18。LC-MS:测定值:806.24([M+H]+);精确质量:805.35。
以与实施例6相同的方法制备下列化合物(所用原料均采购于中节能万润有限公司),合成原料如下表3所示;
表3
本发明化合物在发光器件中使用,可以作为空穴注入和空穴传输材料使用。对本发明上述实施例制备的化合物分别进行热性能、T1能级、HOMO能级、带隙以及空穴迁移率的测试,检测结果如表4所示:
表4
注:玻璃化温度Tg由示差扫描量热法(DSC,德国耐驰公司DSC204F1示差扫描量热仪)测定,升温速率10℃/min;热失重温度Td是在氮气气氛中失重1%的温度,在日本岛津公司的TGA-50H热重分析仪上进行测定,氮气流量为20mL/min;三线态能级T1是由Horiba的Fluorolog-3系列荧光光谱仪测试,材料的测试条件为2×10-5mol/L的甲苯溶液;最高占据分子轨道HOMO能级是由电离能量测试系统(IPS3)测试,测试为真空环境;Eg通过双光束紫外可见分光光度计(型号:TU-1901)进行测试;空穴迁移率测试,将本发明材料制成单电荷器件,用SCLC方法测定;Eg通过双光束紫外可见分光光度计(型号:TU-1901)进行测试。
由上表数据可知,本发明的有机化合物具有高的玻璃转化温度,可提高材料膜相态稳定性,进一步提高器件使用寿命;较宽的带隙(Eg),能够有效的阻挡电子传递至空穴传输区域,从而提升器件发光效率;合适的HOMO能级和较高的空穴迁移率可以使空穴有效传输并注入至发光层,实现有机电致发光器件的低驱动电压下的高效率发光。因此,本发明的三芳胺类有机化合物在应用于OLED器件的空穴注入层和空穴传输层后,可有效提高器件的发光效率及使用寿命。
以下通过器件实施例1-20和器件对比例1-4详细说明本发明合成的OLED材料在器件中的应用效果。本发明器件实施例2-20、器件对比例1-4与器件实施例1相比器件的制作工艺完全相同,并且所采用了相同的基板材料和电极材料,电极材料的膜厚也保持一致,所不同的是对器件中的空穴注入层和空穴传输层材料做了更换。各实施例所得器件的结构组成如表5所示,各实施例所得器件的性能测试结果如表6所示。
器件实施例1
基板层1/阳极层2(Ag(100nm))/空穴注入层3(化合物1:P-1=97:3质量比,厚度10nm)/空穴传输层4(化合物1,厚度117nm)/电子阻挡层5(EB-1,厚度10nm)/发光层6(BH-1和BD-1按照97:3的质量比混掺,厚度20nm)/空穴阻挡7(HB-1,厚度8nm)/电子传输层8(ET-1和Liq,按照1:1的质量比混掺,厚度30nm)/电子注入层9(LiF,厚度1nm)/阴极层10(Mg和Ag,按照1:9的质量比混掺,厚度16nm)/CPL层11(CP-1,厚度70nm)。
具体制备过程如下:
如图1所示,基板层1,对阳极层2(Ag(100nm))进行洗涤,即依次进行碱洗涤、纯水洗涤、干燥,再进行紫外线-臭氧洗涤以清除阳极层表面的有机残留物。在进行了上述洗涤之后的阳极层2上,利用真空蒸镀装置,蒸镀膜厚为10nm的化合物1和P-1作为空穴注入层3,化合物1和P-1的质量比为97:3。接着蒸镀117nm厚度的化合物1作为空穴传输层4。随后蒸镀10nm厚度的EB-1作为电子阻挡层5。上述电子阻挡材料蒸镀结束后,制作OLED发光器件的发光层6,其结构包括OLED发光层6所使用BH-1作为主体材料,BD-1作为掺杂材料,掺杂材料掺杂比例为3%质量比,发光层膜厚为20nm。在上述发光层6之后,继续蒸镀HB1,蒸镀膜厚为8nm,作为空穴阻挡层7。在上述空穴阻挡层7之上,继续蒸镀ET-1和Liq,ET-1和Liq质量比为1:1。该材料的真空蒸镀膜厚为30nm,此层为电子传输层8。在空穴阻挡/电子传输层8上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为1nm的LiF层,此层为电子注入层9。在电子注入层9上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为16nm的Mg:Ag电极层,Mg和Ag质量比为1:9,此层为阴极层10使用。在阴极层10上,真空蒸镀70nm的CP-1,作为CPL层11。
器件实施例2-20:按照器件实施例1的过程进行,不同之处在于对空穴注入层3和空穴传输层4的材料进行了替换,具体器件结构如表5所示,器件性能测试如表6所示;
器件对比例1-4,按照器件实施例1的过程进行,不同之处在于空穴注入层3和空穴传输层4的材料为HT-1、HT-2、HT-3、HT-4;
表5
在以上制备过程中所涉及到的材料结构式如下:
所得电致发光器件的检测数据见表6所示。
表6
注:电压、电流效率和色坐标是使用IVL(电流-电压-亮度)测试系统(苏州弗士达科学仪器有限公司)测试的,测试时的电流密度为10mA/cm2;寿命测试系统为日本系统技研公司EAS-62C型OLED器件寿命测试仪;LT95指的是在特定亮度下,器件亮度衰减到95%所用时间;高温寿命是指器件在80℃条件下,器件亮度衰减到原有亮度的80%所用的时间。
由表6的结果可以看出,本发明制备的三芳胺类有机化合物可应用于OLED发光器件制作,并且与器件对比例相比,无论是效率还是寿命以及高温寿命均比已知OLED材料获得较大改观。
综上,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种三芳胺类有机化合物,其特征在于,该有机化合物的结构如通式(I-1)至通式(I-5)任一项所示:
所述Ar2表示为苯基、萘基、二联苯基、菲基、苯并菲基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、螺芴基中的任一种;
所述Ar1、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5和Ar6表示为苯基、萘基、二联苯基中的任一种;
所述L表示为单键或亚苯基;
取代基团的取代基选自氘原子、苯基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述L表示为单键。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述L表示为亚苯基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述Ar1至Ar2分别独立的表示为苯基、萘基、二联苯基的一种;所述Ar3至Ar6分别独立的表示为苯基、萘基、二联苯基的一种。
5.一种三芳胺类有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物具体结构为如下结构中的任一种:
6.一种有机电致发光器件,包括阳极、空穴传输区域、发光区域、电子传输区域和阴极,其特征在于,所述空穴传输区域包含权利要求1-5任一项所述的三芳胺类有机化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述空穴传输区域依次包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层和电子阻挡层;所述空穴注入层和空穴传输层包括权利要求1-5任一项所述的三芳胺类有机化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光区域包含主体材料和客体材料,其中所述主体材料包含蒽基团,客体材料为荧光材料;所述空穴注入层为权利要求1-5中任一项所述的三芳胺类有机化合物和P型掺杂材料的混合膜层。
9.一种照明或显示元件,其特征在于,包括权利要求6-8任一项所述的有机电致发光器件。
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