CN114667216A - 具有减少的外侧光反射和可见性提高的平视显示器的夹层玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有减少的外侧光反射和可见性提高的平视显示器的夹层玻璃板 Download PDF

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CN114667216A
CN114667216A CN202180004556.6A CN202180004556A CN114667216A CN 114667216 A CN114667216 A CN 114667216A CN 202180004556 A CN202180004556 A CN 202180004556A CN 114667216 A CN114667216 A CN 114667216A
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laminated glass
stack
glass pane
light
polarized light
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A·迪盖特
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3066—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state involving the reflection of light at a particular angle of incidence, e.g. Brewster's angle
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Abstract

本发明涉及夹层玻璃板，其具有至少70%的在可见光谱中的透光率LT，所述夹层玻璃板由通过粘合中间层彼此结合的两个透明玻璃片材组成，其特征在于在夹层结构内侧上的玻璃片材的两个面之一涂覆有薄层堆叠，所述薄层堆叠能够反射至少17%的在65°的入射角下投射的p偏振光，并且其中粘合中间层是着色的，从而吸收5至25%的可见光；涉及包含所述夹层玻璃板和p偏振光投影仪的体系；并涉及该夹层玻璃板作为具有平视显示器的挡风玻璃的用途。

Description

具有减少的外侧光反射和可见性提高的平视显示器的夹层玻 璃板
本发明涉及一种具有平视显示器（HUD）的挡风玻璃。对于具有HUD功能的挡风玻璃的光学质量而言要解决的主要问题是驾驶员看到的玻璃板内侧上反射的双像。
解决此问题的一项技术由使用发射p偏振光的投影仪组成。当这种光以特定的入射角（称为布鲁斯特角）投射到挡风玻璃的内面（即面向交通工具乘客舱的自由面）上时，在夹层玻璃板的两个空气/玻璃界面（即在具有两个玻璃片材的夹层的情况下，夹层与外部气氛的界面，称为面1，和夹层与交通工具内部容积（乘客舱）的界面，称为面4）的每个界面上的反射被消除。在夹层玻璃板的面2或3，即外或内玻璃片材的夹层结构的内侧面上使用薄膜金属涂层，使其能够将部分p偏振光反射到司机的眼睛，形成单像，而不再是重像。该技术在申请WO2016058474中公开。p偏振光的反射率为5和10％，这对于HUD图像的良好可见性而言肯定是低的。这种HUD技术的优点之一是，佩戴p偏振眼镜的驾驶员受益于HUD图像与外部环境之间显著增加的对比度。
本发明是申请人的能够设计能反射多达多于20%（而不是如前所述的5至10%）的p偏振光的薄层堆叠的内部知识的一部分。然而，已经注意到，在安装位置下在夹层的内侧上，这种具有p偏振光高反射率的堆叠具有来自夹层玻璃板外侧的大约20%的非偏振光的高反射率LR。
这种高的光反射率LR是不希望的。事实上，它不美观地增加了与其他相邻玻璃板（机动车辆侧窗）和与车身的对比度。相比之下，具有未提供有薄层的透明玻璃片材的夹层玻璃板的现有光反射率LR为12%。此外，驾驶员，从交通工具外侧，透过挡风玻璃的可见性降低，这在未来在监管方面可能不再被接受。
本发明的目的是保持HUD图像被驾驶员良好可见，即p偏振光的内侧反射高，同时减少外侧的光反射率。该目的已通过本发明得以实现，因此，本发明的主题是一种具有至少70%的在可见光谱中的透光率LT的夹层玻璃板，该夹层玻璃板由通过粘合中间层彼此结合的两个透明玻璃片材组成，其特征在于，在该夹层结构内侧上的玻璃片材的两个面之一涂覆有薄层堆叠，该薄层堆叠能够反射至少17%的在65°的入射角下投射的p偏振光，并且其中粘合中间层是着色的，以便吸收5至25%的可见光。
至少70%的可见光谱中的透光率LT是通用监管安全要求。该要求还可以通过以下事实来表达，即，外侧的可见光谱中的光反射率、着色粘合中间层的可见光吸收率和反射层堆叠的可见光吸收率的总和至多等于30%。根据本发明，例如，当使用吸收15%的可见光的着色粘合中间层和吸收5%的可见光的单银反射层堆叠（具有银的单层）时，外侧的可见光谱中的光反射率因此减少到最大10%的值；实际上，外侧的LR值可以在不脱离本发明范围的情况下超过10％，并且此外至少为5％。确保与相邻玻璃板和机动车辆车身表面的美学和谐。
此外，由于反射薄层堆叠的p偏振光高反射率，还确保了HUD图像的出色的可见性。p偏振光在挡风玻璃内面上的入射角现为65°，足够接近于空气/玻璃界面的布鲁斯特角（57.2°，钠钙玻璃），以使p偏振光在这两个界面处的反射可以忽略不计，并因此p偏振光主要被反射层堆叠反射。在本发明的意义上，所述层堆叠能够反射至少17％的p偏振光的事实被理解为意味着只要它被放置在发射p偏振光的投影仪与着色粘合中间层之间，它就反射至少17％的p偏振光。
所述透明玻璃由矿物玻璃组成，如浮法、钠钙、铝硅酸盐或硼硅酸盐。两个玻璃片材中的至少一个可以被硬化、半回火或化学强化，特别是在薄玻璃的情况下（指示厚度0.7mm）。术语“透明玻璃”意指对可见光具有零吸收的玻璃。夹层玻璃板，这两个玻璃片材，非常普遍地是弯曲的。粘合中间层的实例是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)或乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)。
已知通过将有机染料或矿物颜料引入到聚合物材料中或在挤出(浸渍、喷涂等)之后对粘合中间层着色。还已知通过这些方法中的一种着色，以完美控制可见光的吸收程度。
特别有利的是使用两个相同组成的透明玻璃片材，这简化了弯曲工艺。
涉及本发明使用的光学参数，例如可见光谱中的透光率LT、外侧的光反射率LR、内侧的p偏振光反射率、雾度，涉及波长为380至780nm的可见光，并且涉及适用于汽车挡风玻璃的标准NF EN-410。这些值属于可见光谱的。使用光源A，并且测量角度对于透光率使用0°，对于外侧的光反射率使用0和60°，和对于内侧的p偏振光反射率使用65°。
本发明的夹层玻璃板的雾度应保持在作为挡风玻璃的应用中惯用的低值，例如至多2％，优选1％。
本发明的夹层玻璃板的机械性能与标准夹层玻璃板的机械性能相似，它们可以以相同的方式来控制以确保挡风玻璃的良好机械强度并避免不得不修改层压工艺。
优选地，所述堆叠能够反射至少19％的p偏振光。
优选地，所述堆叠是基于银的，并且，在特别优选的方式中，包括银的单层。在这种情况下，根据第一变体，银层是插入在两个交替的高折射率层和低折射率层之间的，并且根据第二变体，除了银层之外，该堆叠主要包含具有高折射率的层，如SiZrN。“高和低折射率”在本文中被理解为表示“相对高和相对低的折射率”，ZnOX层具有例如1.9的相对低的折射率（相对于其他层的折射率）。
优选地，两个玻璃片材中的每一个的厚度为0.5至2.5mm。
优选地，着色的粘合中间层由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)构成并且厚度为0.38至1.52mm。
优选地，粘合中间层包括被更大程度着色的上部条带，以便吸收40至100%的可见光。这种加重着色的上部条带具有遮阳伞功能。
在某个实施方案中，着色的粘合中间层的染料能仅吸收可见光而保持灰色，层堆叠诸如银将近红外光反射到玻璃板的外侧。在另一个实施方案中，着色的粘合中间层的染料吸收可见光和近红外光，例如通过粘合中间层包含掺铯氧化钨WOx:Cs的纳米颗粒，从而吸收波长为750至1200nm的光的事实。在这两种情况下，都减少了近红外透射率，提供了热舒适性。
优选地，粘合中间层具有赋予其声阻尼性能的组成或结构，特别是三层结构。
优选地，涂覆有反射薄层堆叠的玻璃片材的自由面包括抗反射涂层，其可以由具有低折射率的材料，例如可通过溶胶-凝胶工艺获得的SiOx涂层构成，或者由具有低和高交替的折射率的材料制成的薄的层堆叠，例如，其可以通过磁控管工艺（真空阴极溅射-减压-磁场辅助）获得。该技术措施使其可以消除极小部分的仍可在夹层玻璃板的（与机动车辆等的乘客舱接触的）内面上反射的光。这种残余反射很可能源于p偏振光的入射角相对于布鲁斯特角的相当大的偏差，或者源于使用发射显著部分非p偏振光的投影仪。
优选地，将反射薄层堆叠的表面的两个相对的边缘连接至与电源相连的电极，从而使该堆叠可加热，特别是提供除雾、除霜功能。
本发明的主题还是包括夹层玻璃板和p偏振光投影仪的体系，其中所述夹层玻璃板具有至少70%的在可见光谱中的透光率LT，其由通过粘合中间层彼此结合的两个透明玻璃片材组成，根据与空气/透明玻璃界面的布鲁斯特角的变化不超过15°的入射角将p偏振光投射到夹层玻璃板上，其特征在于，玻璃片材的夹层结构内侧上最靠近投影仪的面涂覆有薄层堆叠，该薄层堆叠能够反射至少17%的在65°的入射角下的p偏振光，并且其中所述粘合中间层是着色的，从而吸收5至25%的可见光。
本发明还涉及如前所述的夹层玻璃板作为具有平视显示器HUD的挡风玻璃的用途，其中涂覆有反射薄层堆叠的玻璃片材是面向交通工具的乘客舱侧的，并且根据与布鲁斯特角的变化不超过15°的入射角，投影仪将p偏振光发射到交通工具乘客舱侧的夹层玻璃板自由表面上。
根据以下实施例将更好地理解本发明。
实施例
下表中公开了根据本发明的夹层玻璃板的五种组成。
[表1]
Figure 771282DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
PVB是着色的，从而吸收15%的可见光。

Claims (16)

1.夹层玻璃板，其具有至少70%的在可见光谱中的透光率LT，所述夹层玻璃板由通过粘合中间层彼此结合的两个透明玻璃片材组成，其特征在于，在夹层结构内侧上的玻璃片材的两个面之一涂覆有薄层堆叠，所述薄层堆叠能够反射至少17%的在65°入射角下投射的p偏振光，并且其中所述粘合中间层被着色以吸收5至25%的可见光。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述堆叠能够反射至少19％的p偏振光。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述堆叠是基于银的。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述堆叠包括银的单层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，将银层插入在交替的具有高和低折射率的层之间。
6.根据权利要求4所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，除了银层之外，所述堆叠主要包含具有高折射率的层。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，两个玻璃片材中的每一个的厚度为0.5至2.5mm。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述着色的粘合中间层由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)构成并且具有0.38至1.52mm的厚度。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述粘合中间层包括被更大程度着色的上部条带，从而吸收40至100%的可见光。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述着色的粘合中间层的染料吸收可见光和近红外光。
11.根据权利要求10所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述粘合中间层包含掺铯氧化钨WOx:Cs的纳米颗粒，从而吸收波长为750至1200nm的光。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述粘合中间层具有赋予其声阻尼性能的组成或结构，特别是三层结构。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述涂覆有反射薄层堆叠的玻璃片材的自由面包括抗反射涂层。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板，其特征在于，所述反射薄层堆叠的表面的两个相对的边缘连接至与电源相连的电极，从而使该堆叠可加热。
15.包含夹层玻璃板和p偏振光投影仪的体系，其中所述夹层玻璃板具有至少70%的在可见光谱中的透光率LT，所述夹层玻璃板由通过粘合中间层彼此结合的两个透明玻璃片材组成，根据与空气/透明玻璃界面的布鲁斯特角的变化不超过15°的入射角将p偏振光投射到夹层玻璃板上，其特征在于，玻璃片材的夹层结构内侧上最靠近投影仪的面涂覆有薄层堆叠，所述薄层堆叠能够反射至少17%的在65°的入射角下投射的p偏振光，并且其中所述粘合中间层是着色的，从而吸收5至25%的可见光。
16.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的夹层玻璃板作为具有平视显示器HUD的挡风玻璃的用途，其中涂覆有反射薄层堆叠的玻璃片材面向交通工具的乘客舱侧，并且根据与布鲁斯特角的变化不超过15°的入射角，投影仪将p偏振光发射到交通工具的乘客舱侧上的夹层玻璃板的自由表面上。
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