CN114666982B - Two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating metal discharge of human body - Google Patents
Two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating metal discharge of human body Download PDFInfo
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- CN114666982B CN114666982B CN202210277095.6A CN202210277095A CN114666982B CN 114666982 B CN114666982 B CN 114666982B CN 202210277095 A CN202210277095 A CN 202210277095A CN 114666982 B CN114666982 B CN 114666982B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/18—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
- H05K1/182—Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components associated with components mounted in the printed circuit board, e.g. insert mounted components [IMC]
- H05K1/183—Components mounted in and supported by recessed areas of the printed circuit board
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
- H05K1/0215—Grounding of printed circuits by connection to external grounding means
Abstract
The application discloses two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating human body metal discharge, wherein one coaxial electrostatic generator is based on IEC standard waveforms, and the other coaxial electrostatic generator is designed based on real human body metal impedance characteristics. The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the metal discharge of the human body are realized at the PCB level and comprise a high-voltage direct-current source, an equivalent circuit, a mercury switch and a waveform output SMA port. The high-voltage direct current source is connected with two ends of the human body equivalent capacitor, the mercury switch is connected between the tail end of the core equivalent circuit and the SMA connector, and the SMA connector can be connected to the SMA high-speed circuit port of the PCB of the tested device. The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the metal discharge of the human body accurately reproduce electrostatic discharge current waveforms under different requirements, can be used for testing the electrostatic immunity protection performance of electronic devices of the PCB ports of tested equipment, and provides an effective standardized method for testing the performance of the electrostatic protection devices of the ports of the equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of electrostatic discharge immunity test, in particular to two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating human body metal discharge.
Background
Electrostatic discharge (Electronic Static Discharge, ESD) refers to the phenomenon of charge transfer caused by objects having different electrostatic potentials coming into close proximity or direct contact with each other. The injection current and radiation field generated by the electrostatic discharge can cause serious interference and even damage to the electronic device or system, so that the electronic product needs to be subjected to electrostatic immunity test before mass production. The current standard for comparison is IEC61000-4-2. Wherein the test model for electrostatic discharge is a human body metal model.
Although the IEC standard specifies an electrostatic test method for simulating electrostatic discharge of a charged human body using an electrostatic gun, the IEC standard is only aimed at a system-level electrostatic test, and no relevant standard is specified for a PCB-level human body electrostatic discharge immunity test. Moreover, studies have shown that the design of the electrostatic generator needs to be further improved because of the difference of the lengths of the grounding wires and the non-specification of the placement positions of the electrostatic guns, which can lead to the difference of test results.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventor finds that the current electrostatic discharge test waveform is mainly generated through an electrostatic gun, the traditional design of the domestic and foreign commercial electrostatic gun shows the waveform suggested by the international standard IEC61000-4-2, but the simulation of the actual human body discharge scene is different from the IEC standard suggested waveform, so the application designs two electrostatic generators for simulating the human body metal discharge according to different conditions. The two electrostatic generators provided by the application are embedded in the PCB, an external reference metal layer of the SMA port is adopted as a reference ground, and a mercury switch is carried, so that the generated waveform has better repeatability, and the method can be used for standardized test of coaxial structure equipment ports or PCB-level electrostatic immunity.
The embodiment of the application provides the following technical scheme:
the human body metal discharge simulation system comprises two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating human body metal discharge, wherein the two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating human body metal discharge are an IEC standard-based electrostatic generator and a real human body metal discharge scene-based electrostatic generator respectively, an equivalent circuit of the IEC standard-based electrostatic generator is realized by an equivalent circuit of a double-exponential function conforming to the IEC standard, the IEC standard is IEC61000-4-2, and the equivalent circuit of the real human body metal discharge scene-based electrostatic generator is established according to a real impedance test of a human body-hand-metal discharge scene;
the two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge comprise a high-voltage direct-current module, a core equivalent circuit, a mercury switch and an SMA output connector, wherein a waveform generation platform is a printed circuit board, a high-voltage direct-current voltage source is connected to two ends of a human body equivalent capacitor, the mercury switch is connected between the tail end of the equivalent circuit and the SMA connector, and the SMA connector can be connected to a tested equipment port for testing the electrostatic immunity of the equipment port;
two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge are embedded in a printed circuit board, an external reference metal layer of an SMA port is used as a reference ground, so that the influence of a grounding wire on a test result is avoided, and the coaxial electrostatic generator can be conveniently used for electrostatic immunity test of an actual coaxial structure equipment port.
Wherein, core equivalent circuit, mercury switch and SMA connect and weld on the circuit board.
The mercury switch is a magnetic control switch, and is controlled to be on-off by a magnetic element.
The upper microstrip line and the lower stratum nearby the mercury switch of the IEC standard-based electrostatic generator form parasitic capacitance, and the parasitic capacitance is eliminated by removing part of copper of the stratum, so that the influence of the parasitic capacitance on the electrostatic generator is avoided.
The equivalent circuit of the electrostatic generator based on the real human body metal discharge scene can accurately describe the impedance parameters of the human body, and is established according to the impedance test of the human body.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
aiming at the defects of the existing static gun test standard and ground wire arrangement, the application provides two coaxial static generators for simulating human body metal discharge. One equivalent circuit of two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge is an equivalent circuit of a double-exponential function conforming to IEC standard. The other is established based on the impedance parameters of the real human body, unlike most electrostatic generators. Two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge are embedded in the printed circuit board, and an external reference metal layer of an SMA port is used as a reference ground, so that the influence of a grounding wire on a test result is avoided, and the coaxial electrostatic generator can be conveniently used for testing the electrostatic immunity of an actual coaxial structure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two coaxial electrostatic generators;
FIG. 2 (a) is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the IEC standard based static electricity generator;
FIG. 2 (b) is a comparison of measured and equivalent circuit simulated impedance parameters of the IEC standard based static electric generator;
FIG. 3 (a) is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of an electrostatic generator based on a real human metal discharge scenario;
FIG. 3 (b) is a comparison of the measured electrostatic generator and equivalent circuit simulated impedance parameters based on a real human metal discharge scenario;
FIG. 4 (a) is a graph showing the discharge current waveform measured at 500V for the IEC standard based static electricity generator;
fig. 4 (b) is a discharge current waveform actually measured at 500V of the IEC standard-based static electricity generator.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The inventor finds that the current electrostatic discharge test waveform is mainly generated through an electrostatic gun, the traditional design of the domestic and foreign commercial electrostatic gun shows the waveform suggested by the international standard IEC61000-4-2, but the actual human body discharge is different from the waveform suggested by the international standard IEC, so that the application designs two electrostatic generators aiming at different conditions. Aiming at the defects of the existing static gun test standard and ground wire arrangement, the application provides two coaxial static generators for simulating human body metal discharge. The equivalent circuit of two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge is an equivalent circuit of a double-exponential function conforming to IEC standard, and the other equivalent circuit is established according to the impedance parameters of a real human body, which is different from most electrostatic generators. The two coaxial electrostatic generators are embedded in a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), and an external reference metal layer of a waveform output small connector (Sub-Miniature Version A, SMA) port is used as a reference ground, so that the influence of a grounding wire on a test result is avoided, and the coaxial electrostatic generator can be conveniently used for testing the electrostatic immunity of an actual coaxial structure.
The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the metal discharge of the human body are embedded in the PCB, the external reference metal layer of the SMA port is used as the reference ground, and the mercury switch is carried, so that the generated waveform has better repeatability, and the coaxial electrostatic generator can be used for standardized testing of the coaxial structural equipment port or the PCB level electrostatic immunity.
The embodiment of the application provides the following technical scheme:
the two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the human body metal discharge are respectively an electrostatic generator based on an IEC standard and an electrostatic generator based on a real human body metal discharge scene, an equivalent circuit of the IEC standard electrostatic generator is realized by an equivalent circuit of a double-exponential function conforming to the IEC standard, the IEC standard is IEC61000-4-2, and the equivalent circuit of the electrostatic generator based on the real human body metal discharge scene is established according to a real impedance test of the human body-hand-metal discharge scene;
the two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge comprise a high-voltage direct-current module, a core equivalent circuit, a mercury switch and an SMA output connector, wherein a waveform generation platform is a printed circuit board, a high-voltage direct-current voltage source is connected to two ends of a human body equivalent capacitor, the mercury switch is connected between the tail end of the equivalent circuit and the SMA connector, and the SMA connector can be connected to a tested equipment port for testing the electrostatic immunity of the equipment port;
two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge are embedded in a printed circuit board, an external reference metal layer of an SMA port is used as a reference ground, so that the influence of a grounding wire on a test result is avoided, and the coaxial electrostatic generator can be conveniently used for electrostatic immunity test of an actual coaxial structure equipment port.
Wherein, core equivalent circuit, mercury switch and SMA connect and weld on the circuit board.
The mercury switch is a magnetic control switch, and is controlled to be on-off by a magnetic element.
The parasitic capacitance is formed by the upper microstrip line and the lower stratum near the mercury switch of the electrostatic generator based on IEC standard, and the parasitic capacitance is eliminated by removing part of copper of the stratum, so that the influence of the parasitic capacitance on the electrostatic generator is avoided.
The equivalent circuit of the electrostatic generator based on the real human body metal discharge scene can accurately describe the impedance parameters of the human body, and is established according to the impedance test of the human body.
The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge all adopt SMA interfaces, and can be used for testing the electrostatic immunity of the equipment port.
Wherein the electrostatic generator based on the IEC standard is realized by a double exponential function conforming to the IEC standard, and the equivalent circuit thereof can be described as two RLC circuits.
The circuit model of the electrostatic generator based on the real human body metal discharge scene is established according to the actual human body impedance parameter test, and comprises three RLC circuits which are respectively equivalent to different parts of the human body impedance parameter.
The high-voltage direct current source is an adjustable high-voltage direct current source, is boosted through the high-voltage module, and charges the human body equivalent capacitor through a large resistor.
The two coaxial electrostatic generators are all SMA connectors and can be connected to a waveform detection device or a tested device port and used for testing electrostatic immunity of the coaxial port.
The connection relation of the coaxial electrostatic generator is as follows: the high-voltage direct current source is connected with two ends of the equivalent capacitor of the human body and charges the equivalent capacitor of the human body through a large resistor; the mercury switch is connected between the end of the equivalent circuit and the SMA connector. After the human body equivalent capacitance is charged, the mercury switch is closed to release electrostatic discharge current waveforms, and the electrostatic discharge current waveforms are connected to a waveform detection equipment port or a to-be-detected equipment port through an SMA connector, so that the electrostatic immunity test method can be used for the electrostatic immunity test of the coaxial structure.
Compared with the prior art, the two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the metal discharge of the human body accurately reproduce the actual electrostatic discharge current waveform. The electrostatic generator is simple in design and convenient to build; the external reference metal layer of the SMA port is used as a reference ground to be embedded on the PCB, so that the influence of the grounding wire on a test result is avoided, and the test device can be conveniently used for actual test; the mercury switch is carried, the sensitivity is high, the on-off reed of the internally filled mercury has almost no jitter, and the generated electrostatic discharge current waveform has better repeatability. The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the metal discharge of the human body can be used for testing the electrostatic immunity of the coaxial structure, a new standard is provided for testing the immunity of the coaxial structure, and two equivalent circuits can be conveniently embedded into circuit simulation software to evaluate and predict the electrostatic discharge.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the actual structure of two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human metal discharge, including a high voltage direct current source, a core equivalent circuit, a mercury switch and an SMA connector. The equivalent circuit, mercury switch and SMA connector are soldered to the printed circuit board. The two equivalent circuits are respectively established by a double-exponential function conforming to IEC standard and the impedance parameters of a real human body.
Specifically, the high-voltage direct current source is 220V alternating current voltage input and can regulate direct current voltage output. Two direct current voltage sources are used, one for supplying power to the high voltage module and the other for regulating the output voltage. The output end of the high voltage is connected with two ends of an equivalent capacitor (C1 in fig. 2 (a) or Cb1 in fig. 3) of the human body, and the high voltage is charged through a large resistor.
Specifically, the mercury switch is a high-voltage magnetic control switch, the outside is sealed glass tube package, the inside is filled with mercury, and the switch can be controlled to be closed by using a magnetic material. The mercury switch is welded between the tail end of the equivalent circuit and the SMA connector, and when the human body equivalent capacitance is charged, the mercury switch is closed to release the electrostatic discharge current waveform.
Specifically, the SMA joint may be connected to a waveform detection device or a device under test, and may be used for electrostatic immunity testing of coaxial structures.
In particular, the equivalent circuit of the electrostatic generator based on the IEC standard may be implemented by a double exponential function conforming to the IEC standard, and the equivalent circuit may be represented as two RLC circuits, as shown in fig. 2 (a). Wherein the relevant parameters are: c1 =150pf, r1=150Ω, l1=1.2uh, c2=16.5pf, r2=200Ω, l2=110nh, r3=50Ω. The circuit consisting of R1, C1, L1, R2 and L2 is used for generating a second peak current which rises more slowly, the circuit consisting of C2, R2 and L2 is used for generating a first peak current which rises more quickly, and R3 is the load of the test system. Fig. 2 (b) is a comparison of impedance parameters measured by a vector network analyzer and simulated by an equivalent circuit, both of which are consistent, demonstrating the accuracy of the fabricated electrostatic generator in the frequency domain.
Specifically, the upper microstrip line and the lower stratum near the mercury switch of the electrostatic generator based on IEC standard form parasitic capacitance, copper corresponding to the stratum is removed, and the influence of the parasitic capacitance on the output waveform of the electrostatic generator is avoided.
Specifically, the equivalent circuit of the electrostatic generator based on the real human body metal discharge scene is established by the impedance parameters of the human body, and the impedance parameters of the human body can be measured by a vector network analyzer. The human body parts are equivalent to RLC elements for modeling an equivalent circuit, and fig. 3 (a) shows a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the human body, which comprises three RLC circuits, R1, L1 and C1 represent the whole human body, and are used for high-frequency parts above 100MHz of equivalent human body impedance parameters, and the actual welded component values are 130 Ω, 330nH and 100pF respectively. R2, L2 and C2 represent the waist of human body, are used for the intermediate frequency part of 10M-100MHz of equivalent human body impedance parameter, and the actual welded component values are 180Ω, 270nH and 20pF respectively. R3, L3 and C3 represent arm parts of human body, are used for equivalent human body impedance parameters of low frequency parts below 10MHz, and the actual welded component values are 56 omega, 16nH and 13pF respectively. The established equivalent circuit can accurately describe the impedance parameters of a real human body. Fig. 3 (b) shows a comparison between the actual measurement result of the impedance parameter of the electrostatic generator based on the real human body metal discharge scene and the simulation result of the equivalent circuit, which have good consistency, and the accuracy of the established equivalent circuit is proved.
Fig. 4 (a) and (b) are discharge current waveforms actually measured by the IEC standard-based electrostatic generator and the real human body metal discharge scene-based electrostatic generator at an output voltage of 500V, respectively. Of course, the input voltage may be between 500V and 2000V.
Specifically, in actual test, the output end of the high-voltage source is connected to two ends of the human body equivalent capacitor, after charging is completed, the switch is closed through the magnet, discharging current is released, and the discharging current is connected to the oscilloscope through the SMA connector for displaying. The bandwidth of the oscilloscope is 2GHz, the sampling rate is 5GSa/s, and the discharge current waveforms of the two coaxial electrostatic generators at the discharge voltage of 500V are measured. The results are different since the load is not a 2 omega current target of IEC standard. The measured waveform of the electrostatic generator based on the IEC standard has a peak value of 1.76A, the rising time is about 0.9ns, the waveform accords with the IEC standard, and the falling of the first peak value is mainly caused by parasitic capacitance between a microstrip line under a mercury switch and a stratum. The peak value of the electrostatic generator based on the real human body metal discharge scene is 4.16A, the rising time is about 0.4ns, and the electrostatic generator is more consistent with the human body discharge current waveform on the whole waveform.
The two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating the metal discharge of the human body provided by the application have the advantages of simple structure and convenience in implementation, and the situation that the test results are different due to the fact that the length and the placement position of the grounding wire of the traditional electrostatic gun are not standardized is avoided. According to the proposed circuit model and parameter values, the novel electrostatic generator is constructed, and the electrostatic discharge characteristics of IEC standard and real human body can be embodied. Under the control of the mercury switch, the generated discharge current waveform has good repeatability, can be conveniently used for testing the electrostatic immunity of electronic devices or systems with coaxial structures, and provides a new standard for testing the electrostatic immunity of PCB-level coaxial structures.
The application provides two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating human body metal discharge, one coaxial electrostatic generator is based on IEC standard waveforms, and the other coaxial electrostatic generator is designed based on real human body metal impedance characteristics. The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the metal discharge of the human body are realized at the PCB level and comprise a high-voltage direct-current source, an equivalent circuit, a mercury switch and a waveform output SMA port. The high-voltage direct current source is connected with two ends of the human body equivalent capacitor, the mercury switch is connected between the tail end of the core equivalent circuit and the SMA connector, and the SMA connector can be connected to the SMA high-speed circuit port of the PCB of the tested device. The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating the metal discharge of the human body accurately reproduce electrostatic discharge current waveforms under different requirements, can be used for testing the electrostatic immunity protection performance of electronic devices of the PCB ports of tested equipment, and provides an effective standardized method for testing the performance of the electrostatic protection devices of the ports of the equipment.
In the present description, each part is described in a progressive manner, and each part is mainly described as different from other parts, and identical and similar parts between the parts are mutually referred.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. The human body metal discharge simulation system is characterized in that the two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge are an IEC standard-based electrostatic generator and a real human body metal discharge scene-based electrostatic generator respectively, an equivalent circuit of the IEC standard-based electrostatic generator is realized by an equivalent circuit conforming to a double-exponential function of the IEC standard, the IEC standard is IEC61000-4-2, and the equivalent circuit of the real human body metal discharge scene-based electrostatic generator is established according to a real impedance test of a human body-hand-metal discharge scene;
the two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge comprise a high-voltage direct-current module, a core equivalent circuit, a mercury switch and an SMA output connector, wherein a waveform generation platform is a printed circuit board, a high-voltage direct-current voltage source is connected to two ends of a human body equivalent capacitor, the mercury switch is connected between the tail end of the equivalent circuit and the SMA connector, and the SMA connector can be connected to a tested equipment port for testing the electrostatic immunity of the equipment port;
two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating human body metal discharge are embedded in a printed circuit board, an external reference metal layer of an SMA port is used as a reference ground, so that the influence of a grounding wire on a test result is avoided, and the coaxial electrostatic generator can be conveniently used for electrostatic immunity test of an actual coaxial structure equipment port.
2. The two coaxial generators for simulating metal discharge of a human body of claim 1, wherein the core equivalent circuit, mercury switch and SMA joint are soldered to the circuit board.
3. The two coaxial electrostatic generators for simulating metal discharge of human body according to claim 1, wherein the mercury switch is a magnetic control switch, and the on-off is controlled by a magnetic element.
4. The two coaxial generators for simulating metal discharge of human body according to claim 1, wherein the upper microstrip line and the lower stratum near the mercury switch of the IEC-based standard generator form parasitic capacitance, and the parasitic capacitance is eliminated by removing a part of copper of the stratum to avoid influence of the parasitic capacitance on the generator.
5. The two coaxial electrostatic generators simulating metal discharge of a human body according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent circuit of the electrostatic generator based on a real metal discharge scene of the human body can accurately describe impedance parameters of the human body, which are established according to impedance tests of the human body.
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