CN114636094A - 一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统 - Google Patents
一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了石油化工技术领域化工容器中的一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,包括覆土的卧式储罐、混凝土储槽以及保冷绝热系统;其特征在于:所述混凝土储槽包围住卧式储罐,在卧式储罐和混凝土储槽间设置保冷绝热系统;采用本发明储罐安放在连续槽型绝热基础的卧式容器,受力状态良好,能有效的降低基础不均匀沉降造成的附加弯矩作用。同时储罐能自由伸缩,有效降低低温介质造成的储罐冷缩约束作用。储罐罐体内设有多组加强圈,用于抵抗外部覆土以及基础反力等外部载荷作用,避免储罐屈曲失效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油化工技术领域,具体涉及一种液态烃的低温储存系统。
背景技术
目前工程中,液态烃的储存,基于经济性与安全性综合考虑,当单罐容量较小(≤5000m3)时一般采用地面球罐或覆土式卧罐压力储存,单罐容量较大(>5000m3)时,一般采用地面平底双壳立式储罐常压低温储存。而对于沸点较低烃类如乙烯等,当单罐储存容积小于5000m3,如果要实现常温液态储存,40℃环境温度下,饱和蒸汽压将达到5.7MPa,不论采用球罐或卧式储罐,建造成本和难度将急剧上升,故工程中通常采用半冷冻压力储存方式。半冷冻压力储存如采用地面球罐,则存在外部环境影响大,占地面积大、建造成本高、焊接制造环境差、泄漏后次生灾害大等缺点,而目前的覆土式卧式常温压力储罐又难以满足低温压力储存的需求。
中国专利201520554527.9中给出了一种使用埋地卧式储罐的液态烃储存装置,包括埋地的卧式储罐和储罐固定装置,卧式储罐的罐体由圆筒形的罐体筒体和罐体筒体两端的封头组成,罐体的上部设有人孔、开口井,底部设有积液包,卧式储罐的外部设有防腐层,储罐固定装置包括围墙、沥青砂垫层、储罐基础和素土层。但该技术仅适用于常温液态烃储存。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,以解决现有技术中低碳烯烃的半冷冻压力储存存在的外部环境影响大,占地面积大、建造成本高、焊接制造环境差、泄漏后次生灾害大等问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,包括覆土的卧式储罐、混凝土储槽以及保冷绝热系统;其特征在于:所述混凝土储槽包围住卧式储罐,在卧式储罐和混凝土储槽间设置保冷绝热系统;所述卧式储罐由圆筒形罐体和封头组成,罐体上部设有液体进出口以及人孔,进出口由开口井保护,储罐底部设有积液包,储罐内部设有多组加强圈;所述混凝土储槽包含储罐基础、混凝土挡墙和混凝土顶盖;所述保冷绝热系统包含连续槽型绝热基础、硬质绝热层、软质绝热材料。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:在所述卧式储罐壁外涂敷防腐层;所述防腐层的材料优选为厚浆型环氧涂料,防腐层的厚度一般为0.6~2毫米。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:所述储罐基础根据承载能力以及基础不均匀沉降要求需要可选用天然地基或筏基-桩承台基础;储罐基础沿储罐轴向保持一定的坡度,约1:100。所述混凝土顶盖预制成斜锥顶结构,在所述混凝土顶盖上可设置多个储槽排气孔。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:所述连续槽型绝热基础设置在储罐罐体和储罐基础之间,用于支撑储罐罐体。所述连续槽型绝热基础通常采用抗压能力强的保冷材料如泡沫玻璃砖拼制而成.连续槽型绝热基础上部预制成包角约120度弧形槽,长度与储罐筒体一致。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:所述连续槽型绝热基础上部弧形槽与储罐筒体之间设有平整用细沙,细沙厚度约为50~80mm;连续槽型绝热基础与储罐基础之间也设有平整用细沙,细沙厚度约为50~80mm。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:所述储罐罐体除连续槽型绝热基础覆盖处外,其他储罐罐体外壁部分包括人孔外壁均包覆硬质绝热层,硬质绝热层应具备一定抗压能力如硬质的聚氨酯等.硬质绝热层厚度可为150~300mm厚。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:所述开口井与进料口、出料口之间可用软质绝热材料进行填充,所述软质绝热材料为玻璃棉。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:所述混凝土储槽与保冷绝热系统之间填充覆土,覆土可用粒径较大的粗砂或者砾石。混凝土顶盖与覆土顶面之间预留一定的空间。
本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其进一步特征在于:所述混凝土储槽内表面设有隔离层,隔离层可采用钢衬板或塑料布。覆土四周以及顶部与隔离层之间可设有多组电加热带。
采用本发明,具有如下的有益效果:当卧式储罐的容积较大(例如大于1000立方米)、用于压力储存大量的半冷冻液态烃时:
(1)储罐安放在连续槽型绝热基础的卧式容器,受力状态良好,能有效的降低基础不均匀沉降造成的附加弯矩作用。同时储罐能自由伸缩,有效降低低温介质造成的储罐冷缩约束作用。储罐罐体内设有多组加强圈,用于抵抗外部覆土以及基础反力等外部载荷作用,避免储罐屈曲失效。
(2)储罐采用覆土储存,能有效避免外部环境或热源对储存的半冷冻液态烃的影响,确保整个储运系统的稳定性。
(3)同一个储槽内可并列放置多个储罐,储罐之间只需保留相应的检修空间即可,而地面球罐因防火需要,储罐之间间距保持较大,故覆土卧式液态烃储罐群占地面积相对较小。
(4)储罐安放在连续槽型绝热基础,连续槽型绝热基础上部弧形包角约120度。连续槽型绝热基础不仅抗压能力强,并且能起到有效保冷绝热作用。泡沫玻璃砖与储罐以及与底部基础之间均铺设一定厚度的细沙,用于调整其安装位置、降低接触应力等缓冲作用。
(5)除连续槽型绝热基础支撑外,储罐其他外壁部分包括人孔外壁均包覆硬质的绝热层,如硬质的聚氨酯等,用于罐体的绝热保冷以及承受外部的覆土载荷作用。
(6)储罐所有开口均设置在罐体顶部并集中布置,能有效降低泄漏的风险。开口接管周边设置开口井保护结构,能隔离外部覆土载荷对接管的作用,开口井与接管之间填充玻璃棉进行绝热。
(7)混凝土的基础沿罐体轴向方向保持一定的坡度,储罐底部设有积液包,能确保检修时,从罐顶抽空内部储液。
(8)混凝土储槽包含底部基础、周边混凝土挡墙以及顶部混凝土盖板。储槽能确保覆土的稳定性,同时储槽与覆土的之间设有隔离层,隔离层能防止外部雨水渗入到覆土以及保冷材料中,造成结冰。
(9)混凝土储槽顶盖采用锥顶结构,受力较好,不容易造成罐顶雨水聚集;
(10)衬板与覆土之间可设置多组电加热带,防止潮湿空气渗入,造成罐体结露或结冰。
(11)混凝土储槽上部预留部分空间不填充砂土,保障储罐的热胀冷缩导致的砂土能自由流动。
(12)混凝土储槽顶部设有排气孔,预防潮湿空气聚集。
本发明可用于储存大量的液态烃,例如储存1000~5000立方米的液态烃。所述的半冷冻液态烃包括炼油厂的液化乙烯、液化乙烷、液氨等。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。附图和具体实施方式并不限制本发明要求保护的范围。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统的结构示意图;
图2为图1的A-A剖视图。
其中所示附图标记为:1—卧式储罐,11—筒体;12—封头;13—加强圈;14—积液包;15—人孔;16—开口井;17—进液口;18—排液口;19—防腐层;21—土建基础;22—混凝土挡墙;23—混凝土顶盖;24—储槽排气孔;31—连续槽型绝热基础;32—硬质绝热层;33—平整层;34—覆土;35—软质绝热材料;36—隔离层;37—电加热带。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对发明专利作进一步描述。
如附图1和附图2所示,本发明一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统包括覆土的卧式储罐、混凝土储槽以及保冷绝热系统。
卧式储罐1的罐体为金属,罐体由筒体11与两端封头12组成,筒体11内沿轴向方向设置若干组加强圈13.罐体上部设有人孔15、开口井16。进液口17和排液口18穿过开口井16进入罐体内。罐体底部设有积液包14。卧式储罐筒体11、封头12、人孔15接管、开口井16外壁设有防腐层19,以防止各种化学腐蚀。防腐层19的材料优选为厚浆型环氧涂料,防腐层6的厚度一般为0.6~2毫米。
混凝土储槽包括储罐基础21、混凝土挡墙22、混凝土顶盖23、储槽排气孔24.储罐基础21根据承载能力以及基础不均匀沉降要求需要可选用天然地基或筏基-桩承台基础。储罐基础21沿储罐轴向保持一定的坡度,约1:100。混凝土顶盖23预制成如图所示斜锥顶结构,上部可设置绿色植被,并根据需要可设置多个排气孔24.
保冷绝热系统主要包括连续槽型绝热基础31、硬质绝热层32、细沙33;覆土34、软质绝热材料35、隔离层36、电加热带37组成.连续槽型绝热基础31用于支撑储罐罐体。连续槽型绝热基础31通常采用抗压能力强的保冷材料如泡沫玻璃砖拼制而成.连续槽型绝热基础31上部预制成包角约120度弧形槽,长度与储罐筒体11一致,弧形槽与储罐筒体11之间与设有平整用细沙33,厚度约为50~80mm.连续槽型绝热基础32与土建基础21之间也设有平整用细沙33,厚度约为50~80mm.储罐罐体除连续槽型绝热基础32覆盖处外,其他外壁部分包括人孔15外壁均包覆硬质绝热层33,硬质绝热层33应具备一定抗压能力如硬质的聚氨酯等.硬质绝热层33厚度可为150~300mm厚。开口井16与进料口17、出料口18之间可用软质绝热材料35进行填充,如玻璃棉。混凝土储槽与保冷材料之间填充覆土34,覆土34可用粒径较大的粗砂或者砾石。混凝土顶盖23与覆土34顶面之间预留一定的空间。
混凝土储槽内表面设有隔离层36,隔离层36可采用钢衬板或塑料布。覆土34四周以及顶部与隔离层36之间可设有多组电加热带37。
本发明的卧式储罐的容积(即罐体的容积),可以为1000~5000立方米。储存介质温度可为≥-100℃,罐体的长径比可以根据现场情况进行调整。
采用本发明在一个混凝土储槽内可设置多个并列排放的卧式储罐,储槽与卧式储罐之间确保有足够的检修空间。
以上结合附图对本发明技术方案作详细说明,附图只是为了说明发明的基本内容而绘制的,它不限制本发明的内容和使用形式。
Claims (12)
1.一种覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,包括覆土的卧式储罐、混凝土储槽以及保冷绝热系统;其特征在于:所述混凝土储槽包围住卧式储罐,在卧式储罐和混凝土储槽间设置保冷绝热系统;所述卧式储罐由圆筒形罐体和封头组成,罐体上部设有液体进出口以及人孔,进出口由开口井保护,储罐底部设有积液包,储罐内部设有多组加强圈;所述混凝土储槽包含储罐基础、混凝土挡墙和混凝土顶盖;所述保冷绝热系统包含连续槽型绝热基础、硬质绝热层、软质绝热材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:在所述卧式储罐壁外涂敷防腐层;所述防腐层的材料为厚浆型环氧涂料,防腐层的厚度为0.6~2毫米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述储罐基础沿储罐轴向保持1:100的坡度,所述混凝土顶盖预制成斜锥顶结构,在所述混凝土顶盖上可设置多个储槽排气孔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述连续槽型绝热基础设置在储罐罐体和储罐基础之间,用于支撑储罐罐体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述连续槽型绝热基础采用抗压能力强的保冷材料拼制而成.连续槽型绝热基础上部预制成包角约120度弧形槽,长度与储罐筒体一致。
6.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述连续槽型绝热基础上部弧形槽与储罐筒体之间设有平整用细沙,细沙厚度为50~80mm;连续槽型绝热基础与储罐基础之间也设有平整用细沙,细沙厚度为50~80mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述储罐罐体除连续槽型绝热基础覆盖处外,其他储罐罐体外壁部分包括人孔外壁均包覆硬质绝热层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述硬质绝热层厚度为150~300mm厚。
9.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述开口井与进料口、出料口之间可用软质绝热材料进行填充,所述软质绝热材料为玻璃棉。
10.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述混凝土储槽与保冷绝热系统之间填充覆土,覆土采用粒径较大的粗砂或者砾石。
11.根据权利要求1所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述混凝土储槽内表面设有隔离层,隔离层为钢衬板或塑料布。
12.根据权利要求11所述的覆土式低温液态烃储存系统,其特征在于:所述覆土四周以及顶部与隔离层之间设有多组电加热带。
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