CN114633003A - Welding method and device for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents
Welding method and device for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 339
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method and a welding device for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates, wherein the method comprises the following steps: A. processing a welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate into a V shape or a U shape; B. performing perforation plasma arc welding on the back of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, wherein the back of a welding seam of the perforation plasma arc welding is formed at the bottom of a truncated edge of a V-shaped or U-shaped groove to finish backing welding; C. and turning the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, and filling and welding the V-shaped or U-shaped groove from the front surface of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate. The welding method and the welding device for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate have the advantages of high welding efficiency, small heat affected zone, narrow welding line, high strength of aluminum alloy joint, less air holes and inclusions, small welding deformation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machining technology, in particular to the technical field of machining forming and remanufacturing of aluminum alloy plates.
Background
Aluminum alloy materials, particularly 2000 series and 7000 series aluminum alloys, are important metal materials in the fields of aviation, aerospace and land battle due to higher strength and hardness, good corrosion resistance, no magnetism, good electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, strong plasticity and excellent weldability and mechanical properties. With the wide application of aluminum alloy materials, higher requirements are provided for the strength and comprehensive performance of the welding joint of the medium-thick plate aluminum alloy. However, there are many technical difficulties in the welding forming and remanufacturing processes of the aluminum alloy plate, for example, the large thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum alloy material itself may cause welding thermal deformation, which may cause welding cracks due to stress concentration inside the aluminum alloy material; in addition, a large number of air holes are generated in the welding forming process, and further welding defects are formed. Particularly, for a medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate or a large aluminum alloy structural member similar to the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the thickness or wall thickness of the plate can generally reach 10-50 mm, or even thicker, and the above technical problems and the resulting welding defects will be more serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a welding method and a welding device for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates, which have the advantages of high welding efficiency, small heat affected zone, narrow welding line, high strength of aluminum alloy joints, less air holes and inclusions, small welding deformation and the like, and are particularly suitable for welding large-scale aluminum alloy structural members and medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A welding method for medium thickness aluminum alloy sheet, comprising the steps of:
A. processing a welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate into a V shape or a U shape;
B. performing perforation plasma arc welding on the back of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, wherein the back of a welding seam of the perforation plasma arc welding is formed at the bottom of a truncated edge of a V-shaped or U-shaped groove to finish backing welding;
C. and turning the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, and filling and welding the V-shaped or U-shaped groove from the front surface of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
In addition, the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate of the present invention further includes the steps of, after the welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate is processed into a V-shape or a U-shape:
removing an oxidation film near the V-shaped or U-shaped groove by using a scraper and other tools, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate by using an acetone solution, and drying the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate;
and (4) carrying out clean and non-oxidation treatment on the surface of the welding wire, and drying.
In addition, in the step C of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, double-wire filling welding is adopted; dual wire fill welding includes front wire welding and rear wire welding, wherein,
the front wire welding adopts a pulse transition welding mode and is used for improving the welding penetration;
and the rear wire welding adopts a cold metal transition welding mode and is used for improving the welding cladding amount and reducing the heat input amount.
In addition, in the step A of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the angle of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate is 60-90 degrees, and the thickness of the truncated edge of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove is 3-5 mm.
In addition, in the step B of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the plasma gas flow rate of the perforation plasma arc welding is 0.9-2.0 liters/minute, the protective gas is argon, and the protective gas flow rate is 10-15 liters/minute.
In addition, in the step B of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the positive polarity current of the perforation plasma arc welding is 100-150 amperes, and the time is 15-20 milliseconds; the reverse polarity current is 150-220 amperes, and the time is 3-5 milliseconds; the wire feeding speed is 1.5-3 m/min, and the welding speed is 180-250 mm/min.
In addition, in the double-wire filling welding process of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, argon is used as shielding gas, and the flow of the shielding gas for front wire welding and rear wire welding is 15-20 liters/minute during double-wire filling welding.
In addition, in the perforating plasma arc welding process in the step B and the double-wire filling welding process in the step C of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wires are used as filling materials.
In addition, in the double-wire filling welding process of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the current for welding the front wire is 300-310 amperes, the current for welding the rear wire is 130-160 amperes, and the welding speed is 450-500 millimeters per minute.
The invention also comprises a welding device for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, wherein the welding device for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate comprises groove processing equipment, perforation plasma arc welding equipment and double-wire filling welding equipment, wherein the groove processing equipment is used for processing the welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate into a V shape or a U shape;
the perforation plasma arc welding device is used for carrying out perforation plasma arc welding on the back of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, and the back of a welding seam of the perforation plasma arc welding is formed at the bottom of the truncated edge of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove to finish backing welding;
the double-wire filling welding equipment is used for carrying out double-wire filling welding on the V-shaped or U-shaped groove from the front side of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
The technical effects of the invention include the following.
1. According to the invention, firstly, the backing welding is carried out by using the perforated plasma arc welding, the plasma arc completely penetrates the truncated edge of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate in the welding process, a penetrating small hole is formed at the position of the truncated edge of the groove under the action of plasma jet, and the air hole in a molten pool overflows from the small hole. As the plasma arc moves in the welding direction, the molten aluminum alloy pores are healed and move along the wall of the molten pool around the arc to the rear of the molten pool, and simultaneously, the newly formed pores move forwards along with the plasma arc. The stable small hole welding process is an effective method for realizing one-time forming of single-side welding and double-side welding. Generally, the plasma arc welding with through holes is more used for one-time welding of aluminum alloy thin plates and medium plates, and realizes one-side welding and two-side forming. However, the method is used for backing welding of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, so that the defects that backing welding is relatively serious in oxidation and more in air holes due to the fact that the cleaning effect of welding electric arc on the bottom of the groove is weakened when the thick plate is deeply welded during the backing welding of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate in the welding forming process are overcome, air holes and impurities are reduced, the welding forming and efficiency of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate are improved, the air holes in a backing welding line are eliminated or reduced by using the perforation effect, and the work load of back chipping in the welding process of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate is reduced.
2. The characteristics that adopt perforation plasma arc welding medium thickness aluminum alloy plate have include: the energy is concentrated, the temperature is high, and small hole effect is added, so that the blunt edge of the groove of the aluminum alloy plate can be easily fully melted through during welding, and a welding seam with uniform reverse forming is formed; in addition, the arc stiffness is good, and the influence of the change of the arc length on the weld forming is not obvious; therefore, the perforation plasma arc welding is suitable for the backing welding process of V-shaped or U-shaped grooves of medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates.
3. According to the invention, the front wire welding in the double-wire filling welding adopts a pulse transition mode, so that the welding penetration is improved, compared with the direct current welding, the pulse transition welding can reduce a heat affected zone, when a heat sensitive material is welded, the pulse current passing time and the base value current value are reduced, the range of the heat affected zone can be reduced to the minimum value, and thus the welding deformation is small; in addition, the pulse transition welding can increase the stirring effect of a molten pool, and the peak current value of the pulse current is larger than that of the constant current at the same average current value, so that the electric arc force is large, the stirring effect is strong, and the phenomena of air holes and non-fusion possibly generated at the bottom of the joint are reduced.
4. According to the invention, the back wire welding in the twin-wire filling welding adopts a cold metal transition welding mode to improve the cladding amount and reduce the heat input amount, so that the aluminum alloy twin-wire welding process achieves the effects of improving the efficiency and reducing the deformation; after the droplet drops from the wire, the welding control system again increases the welding current and further feeds the wire forward. Thereafter, the welding arc is regenerated and a new round of the welding process is started. This alternating between "cold-hot" greatly reduces the generation of welding heat. In addition, a plurality of functions can be realized: the parameters of the molten drop can be correctly set, better welding seam thickness transition is realized, high welding speed is realized, and splashing is reduced.
5. According to the invention, the front and back surfaces of the V-shaped groove and the U-shaped groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate are respectively subjected to respective suitable welding processes, and the front and back surfaces are welded beautifully by the polarity-variable perforation plasma arc welding backing welding adopted on the back surface and the double-wire filling welding adopted on the front surface of the groove, so that the mechanical property of a welding joint is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an operation process of a welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an operation process of a welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an operation process of a welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed exemplary embodiments are disclosed below. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely for purposes of describing example embodiments.
It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular exemplary embodiments disclosed, but to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the description of the figures.
Referring to the drawings, the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present disclosure can be implemented, so that the present disclosure has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the disclosure of the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. Meanwhile, the positional limitation terms used in the present specification are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship therebetween may be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantial changes in the technical content.
It will also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that when an element or unit is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element or unit, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or unit or intervening elements or units may also be present. Moreover, other words used to describe the relationship between components or elements should be understood in the same manner (e.g., "between" versus "directly between," "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent," etc.).
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an operation process of a welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an operation process of a welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an operation process of a welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein the meaning of each reference numeral is as follows.
10, a plasma arc with variable polarity perforations,
11, perforating plasma bottoming, and then carrying out plasma bottoming,
20, a steel plate made of an aluminum alloy plate,
31, a V-shaped groove,
32, a U-shaped groove is formed,
51, the front wire,
52, posterior filament.
Specifically, the embodiment of the invention comprises a welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates, which comprises the following steps:
A. processing a welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate into a V shape or a U shape;
B. performing perforation plasma arc welding on the back of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, wherein the back of a welding seam of the perforation plasma arc welding is formed at the bottom of a truncated edge of a V-shaped or U-shaped groove to finish backing welding;
C. and turning the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, and filling and welding the V-shaped or U-shaped groove from the front surface of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
The variable polarity perforation plasma arc welding technology has the advantages of energy concentration, high aluminum alloy welding oxide film removal efficiency, extremely low weld porosity and the like, and can obtain penetrating fusion depth; meanwhile, the plasma welding seam is narrow, the heat affected zone is small, the strength of the aluminum alloy joint can be improved, the welding deformation is small, the efficiency is high, and the cost is low, so that the polarity-variable perforation plasma welding is widely applied to welding of thin plates with high requirements on the welding seam quality or aluminum alloys with the thickness of less than 10 mm. However, due to the development of large-scale and light-weight manufacturing of ships and aerospace equipment, the welding of the aluminum alloy plate of the medium plate is more and more extensive, and the welding workload and the cost are increased, so that the high-efficiency and high-quality welding technology becomes one of the key technologies in modern manufacturing and remanufacturing industries.
In general, however, the plasma arc perforation is commonly used for high quality welding of medium plate aluminum alloy sheets due to the advantages of high energy density, low overall heat input, and extremely low porosity in the weld seam, which is characteristic of the perforation process, relative to the conventional arc. However, for the welding of thick plate aluminum alloy with the thickness of more than 20mm, because an aluminum alloy molten pool is easy to collapse, and meanwhile, a vertical upward welding process is required, the common flat welding process is not applicable any more, and operation difficulty is brought to the implementation of the subsequent welding process, so that the process is used as a bottoming process for welding of medium and thick plates with large thickness, and the truncated edge thickness of the thick plate aluminum alloy is processed to be suitable for perforation. Therefore, in the specific embodiment of the invention, the backing welding is carried out by using the perforated plasma arc welding, the plasma arc completely penetrates the blunt edge of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate in the welding process, a penetrating small hole is formed at the blunt edge position of the groove under the action of plasma jet flow, and the air hole in the molten pool overflows from the small hole. As the plasma arc moves in the welding direction, the molten aluminum alloy pores are healed and move along the wall of the molten pool around the arc to the rear of the molten pool, and simultaneously, the newly formed pores move forwards along with the plasma arc. The stable small hole welding process is an effective method for realizing one-time forming of single-side welding and double-side welding.
Although generally speaking, the perforation plasma arc welding is more used for one-time welding of aluminum alloy thin plates and medium-thickness plates to realize single-side welding and double-side forming, the perforation plasma arc welding is used for backing welding of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates in the specific embodiment of the invention, so that the defects of serious backing welding oxidation, more air holes and the like caused by weakening the cleaning effect of a welding arc on the bottom of a groove due to a deeper thick plate welding groove when the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates are subjected to backing welding in the welding forming process are reduced, the defects of air holes, impurities and the like are also reduced, the welding forming and the efficiency of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates are improved, the air holes in a backing welding seam are eliminated or reduced by utilizing the perforation effect, and the work load of back chipping in the welding process of the medium-thickness plates is reduced.
In addition, in the method for welding a medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate according to the embodiment of the present invention, after the welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate is processed into a V shape or a U shape, the method further includes the steps of:
removing an oxidation film near the V-shaped or U-shaped groove by using a scraper and other tools, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate by using an acetone solution, and drying the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate;
and (4) carrying out clean and non-oxidation treatment on the surface of the welding wire, and drying.
In the specific implementation mode of the invention, the groove is oxidized, removed and cleaned, so that the defects of poor adhesion of a molten pool and the like in the subsequent welding process can be avoided.
In addition, in the step C of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate according to the specific embodiment of the invention, double-wire filling welding is specifically adopted; dual wire fill welding includes front wire welding and rear wire welding, wherein,
the front wire welding adopts a pulse transition welding mode and is used for improving the welding penetration;
and the back wire welding adopts a cold metal transition welding mode, so that the welding cladding amount is increased, and the heat input amount is reduced.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the front wire welding in the double-wire filling welding adopts a pulse transition mode to improve the welding penetration, compared with the direct current welding, the pulse transition welding can reduce the heat affected zone, and when welding heat sensitive materials, the pulse current passing time and the base value current value are reduced, so that the range of the heat affected zone can be reduced to the minimum value, and the welding deformation is small; in addition, the pulse transition welding can increase the stirring effect of a molten pool, and the peak current value of the pulse current is larger than that of the constant current at the same average current value, so that the electric arc force is large, the stirring effect is strong, and the phenomena of air holes and non-fusion possibly generated at the bottom of the joint are reduced.
In addition, in the specific embodiment of the invention, the back wire welding in the twin-wire filling welding adopts a cold metal transition welding mode to improve the cladding amount and reduce the heat input amount, so that the aluminum alloy twin-wire welding process achieves the effects of improving the efficiency and reducing the deformation; after the droplet drops from the wire, the welding control system again increases the welding current and further feeds the wire forward. Thereafter, the welding arc is regenerated and a new round of the welding process is started. This alternating "cold-hot" greatly reduces the generation of welding heat and reduces the conduction of welding heat in the welded parts. In addition, a plurality of functions can be realized: the parameters of the molten drop can be correctly set, better welding seam thickness transition is realized, high welding speed is realized, and splashing is reduced.
In addition, in the step a of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate according to the embodiment of the invention, the angle of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate is between 60 and 90 degrees, and the thickness of the truncated edge of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove is between 3 and 5 mm.
In addition, in the step B of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the plasma gas flow rate of the perforation plasma arc welding is 0.9-2.0 liters/minute, the protective gas is argon, and the protective gas flow rate is 10-15 liters/minute.
In addition, in the step B of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the positive polarity current of the perforation plasma arc welding is 100-150 amperes, and the time is 15-20 milliseconds; the reverse polarity current is 150-220 amperes, and the time is 3-5 milliseconds; the wire feeding speed is 1.5-3 m/min, and the welding speed is 180-250 mm/min.
In the perforation plasma arc welding, proper welding parameters need to be adjusted to ensure the optimal welding quality, and the method specifically comprises the following steps.
(1) The flow rate of the plasma gas. A sufficient plasma gas flow is required to form the perforations, the amount of which is selected primarily based on the welding current, the orifice shape of the nozzle and the characteristics of the welding material. The increased plasma gas flow rate provides increased plasma arc compressibility and increased arc penetration, and thus, sufficient and proper plasma gas flow rate must be maintained to provide a stable keyhole welding process. In the specific implementation mode of the invention, the plasma gas flow is selected to be 0.9-2.0L/min for the process characteristics of groove truncated edge welding of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
(2) And (4) welding current. The welding current is increased, and the plasma arc penetration capacity is enhanced. The welding current is first selected based on the plate thickness or penetration requirements. The current is too small, the diameter of the small hole is reduced or the small hole cannot be formed; the current is too large, the diameter of the small hole is too large, the molten pool falls off, and a stable perforation welding process cannot be formed. According to the specific embodiment of the invention, according to the thickness of the truncated edge of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove and the melting point of the aluminum alloy, the positive polarity current of perforation plasma arc welding is selected to be 100-150 amperes, and the time is 15-20 milliseconds; the reverse polarity current is 150-220 amperes, the time is 3-5 milliseconds, the formation of small holes can be fully guaranteed, and a molten pool can not fall off.
(3) And (4) welding speed. Generally speaking, the welding speed is increased, the heat input quantity of the welding seam is reduced, and the diameter of a small hole is reduced; if the welding speed is too slow, the plate is overheated, small holes are enlarged, molten pool metal is easy to fall, the front side is undercut, the back side is protruded too much, and even the phenomena of weld joint depression and molten pool leakage are caused. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the welding speed is selected to be 180-250 mm per minute, which is a result of fully considering the characteristic of the back-off welding of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
Therefore, through adopting perforation plasma arc welding process, backing weld is carried out to the groove blunt edge of aluminum alloy plate, and the technological effect that can realize includes: the welding energy is concentrated, the temperature is high, and the small hole effect is added, so that the truncated edge of the groove of the aluminum alloy plate can be fully melted through easily during welding; uniform welding seams are formed on the reverse side, in addition, the electric arc stiffness is good, the influence of the change of the arc length on the welding seam forming is not obvious, and the welding seams are uniform and flat; therefore, the perforation plasma arc welding is suitable for the backing welding process of V-shaped or U-shaped grooves of medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates.
In addition, in the double-wire filling welding process of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, argon is used as shielding gas, and the flow of the shielding gas for front wire welding and rear wire welding is 15-20 liters/minute during double-wire filling welding.
In addition, in the perforation plasma arc welding process in the step B and the double-wire filling welding process in the step C of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, which are provided by the embodiment of the invention, aluminum magnesium alloy welding wires are used as filling materials.
In addition, in the double-wire filling welding process of the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the current for welding the front wire is 300-310 amperes, the current for welding the rear wire is 130-160 amperes, and the welding speed is 450-500 millimeters per minute.
The welding method of the medium thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to the present invention will be described below in a more specific embodiment.
In a specific embodiment, an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 20mm is welded, the welding position is flat welding, a V-shaped or U-shaped groove is formed, and the truncated edge of the groove is 3-5 mm.
The welding process parameters for this embodiment are shown in tables 1 and 2 below.
Table 1 examples back side piercing plasma backing weld process parameters
Table 2 examples front side twin wire fill welding process parameters
Corresponding to the welding method for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, the welding device for the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate comprises groove processing equipment, perforation plasma arc welding equipment and double-wire filling welding equipment, wherein the groove processing equipment is used for processing a welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate into a V shape or a U shape;
the perforation plasma arc welding device is used for carrying out perforation plasma arc welding on the back of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, and the back of a welding seam of the perforation plasma arc welding is formed at the bottom of the truncated edge of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove to finish backing welding;
the double-wire filling welding equipment is used for carrying out double-wire filling welding on the V-shaped or U-shaped groove from the front side of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
According to the invention, the front and back surfaces of the V-shaped groove and the U-shaped groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate are respectively subjected to respective suitable welding processes, and the front and back surfaces are welded beautifully by the polarity-variable perforation plasma arc welding backing welding adopted on the back surface and the double-wire filling welding adopted on the front surface of the groove, so that the mechanical property of a welding joint is improved. By taking 7000 series aluminum alloy plates with the thickness of 20mm as an example for welding, the strength of a welding joint can approach 70% of that of a base material by adopting the process method, and the strength of the welding joint of a common monofilament welding process is 60% -65% of that of the base material; compared with the common monofilament welding process, the welding speed is improved by more than 30 percent, and meanwhile, the porosity in the welding seam reaches more than the national second-level standard.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to exclude other embodiments and may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A welding method for medium thickness aluminum alloy sheet, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
A. processing a welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate into a V shape or a U shape;
B. performing perforation plasma arc welding on the back of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, wherein the back of a welding seam of the perforation plasma arc welding is formed at the bottom of a truncated edge of a V-shaped or U-shaped groove to finish backing welding;
C. and turning the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, and filling and welding the V-shaped or U-shaped groove from the front surface of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
2. The welding method for medium aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein after the welding groove of the medium aluminum alloy sheet is processed into a V-shape or a U-shape, further comprising the steps of:
removing an oxidation film near the V-shaped or U-shaped groove by using a scraper and other tools, cleaning oil stains on the surface of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate by using an acetone solution, and drying the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate;
and (3) carrying out clean and non-oxidation treatment on the surface of the welding wire, and then drying.
3. A welding method for medium aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 1 wherein in step C, twin wire fill welding is employed; dual wire fill welding includes front wire welding and rear wire welding, wherein,
the front wire welding adopts a pulse transition welding mode and is used for improving the welding penetration;
and the rear wire welding adopts a cold metal transition welding mode and is used for improving the welding cladding amount and reducing the welding heat input amount.
4. The welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate in the step A is between 60 and 90 degrees, and the thickness of the truncated edge of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove is between 3 and 5 mm.
5. The welding method for medium-thick aluminum alloy sheets according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the plasma gas flow rate of the perforation plasma arc welding is 0.9 to 2.0L/min, the shielding gas is argon, and the shielding gas flow rate is 10 to 15L/min.
6. The welding method for medium thickness aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the positive polarity current of the piercing plasma arc welding is 100 to 150A for 15 to 20 msec; the reverse polarity current is 150-220 amperes, and the time is 3-5 milliseconds; the wire feeding speed is 1.5-3 m/min, and the welding speed is 180-250 mm/min.
7. The welding method for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates as claimed in claim 3, wherein argon is used as shielding gas in the double-wire filling welding process, and the flow of the shielding gas for the front wire welding and the rear wire welding is 15-20L/min in the double-wire filling welding.
8. A welding method for medium thickness aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 3 wherein the piercing plasma arc welding in step B and the twin wire filling welding in step C are performed by using aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire as a filler material.
9. A welding method for medium thickness aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 3, wherein in the twin wire fill welding process, the current for the front wire welding is 300 to 310A, the current for the rear wire welding is 130 to 160A, and the welding speed is 450 to 500 mm per minute.
10. A welding device for medium-thickness aluminum alloy plates is characterized by comprising groove processing equipment, perforation plasma arc welding equipment and double-wire filling welding equipment, wherein,
the groove processing equipment is used for processing the welding groove of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate into a V shape or a U shape;
the perforation plasma arc welding device is used for carrying out perforation plasma arc welding on the back of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate, and the back of a welding seam of the perforation plasma arc welding is formed at the bottom of the truncated edge of the V-shaped or U-shaped groove to finish backing welding;
the double-wire filling welding equipment is used for carrying out double-wire filling welding on the V-shaped or U-shaped groove from the front side of the medium-thickness aluminum alloy plate.
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