CN114632939A - 一种NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及热喷涂涂层材料领域,具体提供一种NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法。采用“预制母合金+超声气体雾化”两步法工艺:(1)真空感应熔炼制备母合金锭:真空度不大于5Pa时加热,精炼温度1470±50℃,精炼时间5min~10min,停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至压力真空表‑0.07MPa~‑0.09MPa,然后放入炉料Al继续熔炼1~3min后浇注成雾化合金锭。(2)超声气体雾化制备粉体:真空度不大于5Pa时加热,熔炼温度1450±50℃时停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至常压,然后加入金属钇继续熔炼1~3min后雾化,雾化介质为氩气,雾化压力8MPa~11MPa,合金液流量为3kg/min~5kg/min。本发明获得的粉末可以广泛应用于高温合金热端部件表面防护涂层的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热喷涂涂层材料领域,具体提供一种NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法。
背景技术
先进航空发动机正向着更高燃气温度、更高效率、更长寿命的趋势发展,然而这些方面的发展主要受限于热端部件承温能力。为了满足热端部件在高温下长期稳定运行的需要,在进一步发展新型合金和冷却技术的同时,采用MCrAlY(M为Ni或Co)涂层或热障涂层(MCrAlY底层+氧化锆面层)进行热端部件表面防护是一种有效途径。表面涂覆MCrAlY涂层可以显著提高合金基体的抗高温氧化和热腐蚀性能,同时在热障涂层中改善陶瓷涂层和基体间热膨胀相容性,降低体系应力水平。为了满足更为苛刻的使役环境,有必要提供一种抗高温氧化性能优异的合金粉末,以满足越来越高温度环境下热端部件防护要求,具有重要的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,采用该方法制得的NiCoCrAlY合金粉末材料化学成分、杂质含量及粒度等均满足使用要求,为制备高质量NiCoCrAlY高温防护涂层提供材料保障。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,采用“预制母合金+超声气体雾化”两步法工艺;按重量百分比计,该合金粉末的化学成分及杂质含量如下:Ni余量;Co:21~25;Cr:15~19;Al:11~14;Y:0.3~1.0;Fe≤0.2;O≤0.06;N≤0.02;C≤0.03。
所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:母合金锭制备
采用真空感应熔炼法制备母合金锭,将原料镍、钴和铬置于镁铝坩埚内,铝放入加料斗;抽真空,真空度不大于5Pa时加热,精炼温度1470±50℃,精炼时间5min~10min;停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至压力真空表-0.07MPa~-0.09MPa,然后放入炉料铝继续熔炼1~3min后浇注成雾化合金锭;
步骤2:粉末气体雾化制备
采用超声气体雾化技术制备粉体材料,将雾化合金锭置于镁铝坩埚内,金属钇放入加料斗;抽真空,真空度不大于5Pa时加热,熔炼温度1450±50℃时,停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至常压,然后加入金属钇继续熔炼1~3min后雾化,雾化介质为氩气,雾化压力8MPa~11MPa,合金液流量为3kg/min~5kg/min;
步骤3:对步骤2所制备的粉末进行粒度筛分。
所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,利用Hartman激波管原理使高压气体加速,并产生振荡频率为1~10万赫兹的脉冲气流,该气流直接冲击液态金属流,使其雾化成微小的液滴,随后液滴在飞行过程中与气体产生热交换后冷却凝固成合金粉末颗粒。
所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,按重量百分比计,该合金粉末粒度组成为:+325目≤5%,-325目~+800目≥85%,-800目≤10%。
所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,该合金粉末的流动性为≤25s/50g,松装密度为3.7~4.3g/cm3。
所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,该合金粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形。
所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,该合金粉末成品率为40~60%。
本发明设计思想及原理如下:
MCrAlY合金体系中成分根据使用环境不同进行调整优化,为了满足越来越严苛的使役环境要求,本发明NiCoCrAlY中Al和Y元素含量较高,以提高涂层的抗高温氧化和抗热震性能,然而Al和Y元素属于易氧化、易烧损元素,本发明中采用“预制母合金+超声气体雾化”两步法工艺,实现对合金成分的有效控制;同时采用超声气体雾化技术并优化雾化工艺参数,实现合金粉末粒度和形貌有效控制。
本发明的优点及有益效果是:
采用本发明所述方法制得的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末化学成分、杂质含量、形貌和粒度均得到有效控制,具有优异的流动性和松装密度,有利于制备出高质量热喷涂涂层,广泛适用于涡轮发动机的热端零部件表面防护,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益,应用前景广阔。
附图说明
图1实施例1中NiCoCrAlY合金粉末扫描电镜照片。
图2实施例2中NiCoCrAlY合金粉末扫描电镜照片。
图3实施例3中NiCoCrAlY合金粉末扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
在具体实施过程中,本发明NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,所述NiCoCrAlY粉末材料的化学成分及杂质含量如表1所示。
表1 NiCoCrAlY合金粉末材料的化学成分及杂质含量
采用“预制母合金+超声气体雾化”两步法工艺,实现对粉末化学成分的有效控制,具体工艺过程如下:
步骤1:母合金锭制备
采用真空感应熔炼法制备母合金锭,将原料镍、钴和铬置于镁铝坩埚内,铝放入加料斗。抽真空,真空度不大于5Pa时加热,精炼温度1470±50℃,精炼时间5min~10min。停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至压力真空表-0.07MPa~-0.09MPa,然后放入炉料铝继续熔炼1~3min后浇注成雾化合金锭。
步骤2:粉末气体雾化制备
采用超声气体雾化技术制备粉体材料,利用Hartman激波管原理使高压气体加速,并产生振荡频率为1~10万赫兹的脉冲气流,该气流直接冲击液态金属流,使其雾化成微小的液滴,随后液滴在飞行过程中与气体产生热交换后冷却凝固成合金粉末颗粒。将雾化合金锭置于镁铝坩埚内,金属钇放入加料斗。抽真空,真空度不大于5Pa时加热,熔炼温度1450±50℃时停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至常压,然后加入金属钇继续熔炼1~3min后雾化,雾化介质为氩气,雾化压力8MPa~11MPa,合金液流量为3kg/min~5kg/min。
步骤3:对步骤2所制备的粉末进行粒度筛分,粒度组成满足表2要求。
表2 NiCoCrAlY合金粉末粒度组成
粒度 | +325目 | -325目~+800目 | -800目 |
含量(wt%) | ≤5% | ≥85% | ≤10% |
为了保证杂质含量满足要求,优选的原料为:
(1)镍:满足牌号Ni9996或相当规格、更高规格的电解镍;
(2)钴:满足牌号Co9995或相当规格、更高规格的电解钴;
(3)铝:满足牌号Al99.00或相当规格、更高规格的工业纯铝、精铝;
(4)铬:满足牌号JCr98.5A或相当规格、更高规格的金属铬;
(5)金属钇:纯度≥98%。
下面,通过实施例和附图对本发明进一步详细阐述。
实施例1
本实施例中,NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法如下:
步骤1:母合金锭制备
采用真空感应熔炼法制备母合金锭,将原料镍、钴和铬置于镁铝坩埚内,铝放入加料斗。抽真空,真空度3Pa时加热,精炼温度1470℃,精炼时间8min。停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至压力真空表-0.08MPa,然后放入炉料Al,继续熔炼2min后浇注成雾化合金锭。
步骤2:粉末气体雾化制备
采用超声气体雾化设备制备粉体,将母合金锭置于镁铝坩埚内,金属钇放入加料斗。真空度1Pa时加热,熔炼温度1430℃时加入金属钇,继续熔炼2min后雾化,雾化介质为氩气,雾化压力10MPa,合金液流量为5kg/min。
步骤3:对步骤2所制备的粉末进行粒度筛分,粒度组成如表3所示。
表3实施例1合金粉末粒度组成
粒度 | +325目 | -325目~+800目 | -800目 |
含量(wt%) | 0.6% | 92.9 | 6.5% |
对步骤3所制备的NiCoCrAlY合金粉末进行表征:
(1)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末化学成分及杂质含量如表4所示。
表4实施例1粉末的化学成分及杂质含量
(2)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末流动性为19.0s/50g,松装密度为3.98g/cm3。
(3)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形(如图1)。
(4)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末成品率为46.5%。
实施例2
与实施例1不同之处在于,步骤2:粉末气体雾化制备时,将雾化合金锭置于镁铝坩埚内,金属钇放入加料斗。抽真空,真空度3Pa时加热,熔炼温度1450℃时停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至常压,然后加入金属钇继续熔炼3min后雾化,雾化介质为氩气,雾化压力10MPa,合金液流量为4kg/min,液态合金流经雾化喷嘴时被高压高速气流破碎成小液滴,随后液滴在飞行过程中与气体产生热交换后快凝成合金粉末。
对实施例2所制备的粉末进行粒度筛分,粒度组成如表5所示。
表5实施例2粉末粒度组成
粒度 | +325目 | -325目~+800目 | -800目 |
含量(wt%) | 0.7% | 92.5 | 6.8% |
对实施例2所制备的NiCoCrAlY合金粉末进行表征:
(1)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末化学成分及杂质含量如表6所示。
表6实施例2粉末的化学成分及杂质含量
(2)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末流动性为19.0s/50g,松装密度为3.99g/cm3。
(3)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形(如图2)。
(4)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末成品率为51.2%。
实施例3
与实施例1不同之处在于,步骤2:粉末气体雾化制备时,将雾化合金锭置于镁铝坩埚内,金属钇放入加料斗。抽真空,真空度2Pa时加热,熔炼温度1470℃时停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至常压,然后加入金属钇继续熔炼1min后雾化,雾化介质为氩气,雾化压力8MPa,合金液流量为3.5kg/min,液态合金流经雾化喷嘴时被高压高速气流破碎成小液滴,随后液滴在飞行过程中与气体产生热交换后快凝成合金粉末。对实施例3所制备的粉末进行粒度筛分,粒度组成如表7所示。
表7实施例3粉末粒度组成
粒度 | +325目 | -325目~+800目 | -800目 |
含量(wt%) | 0.5% | 91.9 | 7.6% |
对实施例3所制备的NiCoCrAlY合金粉末进行表征:
(1)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末化学成分及杂质含量如表8所示。
表8实施例3粉末的化学成分及杂质含量
(2)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末流动性为19.1s/50g,松装密度为4.01g/cm3。
(3)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形(如图3)。
(4)NiCoCrAlY合金粉末成品率为56.4%。
实施例结果表明,采用本发明所述方法制备的CoCrAlY合金粉末其化学成分和杂质含量、流动性、松装密度、颗粒形貌均在要求范围内,且粉末质地均匀、干燥。本发明获得的粉末可以广泛应用于高温合金热端部件表面防护涂层的制备。
Claims (7)
1.一种NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,其特征在于,采用“预制母合金+超声气体雾化”两步法工艺;按重量百分比计,该合金粉末的化学成分及杂质含量如下:Ni余量;Co:21~25;Cr:15~19;Al:11~14;Y:0.3~1.0;Fe≤0.2;O≤0.06;N≤0.02;C≤0.03。
2.按照权利要求1所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:母合金锭制备
采用真空感应熔炼法制备母合金锭,将原料镍、钴和铬置于镁铝坩埚内,铝放入加料斗;抽真空,真空度不大于5Pa时加热,精炼温度1470±50℃,精炼时间5min~10min;停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至压力真空表-0.07MPa~-0.09MPa,然后放入炉料铝继续熔炼1~3min后浇注成雾化合金锭;
步骤2:粉末气体雾化制备
采用超声气体雾化技术制备粉体材料,将雾化合金锭置于镁铝坩埚内,金属钇放入加料斗;抽真空,真空度不大于5Pa时加热,熔炼温度1450±50℃时,停止抽真空,炉体内充入氩气至常压,然后加入金属钇继续熔炼1~3min后雾化,雾化介质为氩气,雾化压力8MPa~11MPa,合金液流量为3kg/min~5kg/min;
步骤3:对步骤2所制备的粉末进行粒度筛分。
3.按照权利要求2所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,其特征在于,利用Hartman激波管原理使高压气体加速,并产生振荡频率为1~10万赫兹的脉冲气流,该气流直接冲击液态金属流,使其雾化成微小的液滴,随后液滴在飞行过程中与气体产生热交换后冷却凝固成合金粉末颗粒。
4.按照权利要求2所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,该合金粉末粒度组成为:+325目≤5%,-325目~+800目≥85%,-800目≤10%。
5.按照权利要求2所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该合金粉末的流动性为≤25s/50g,松装密度为3.7~4.3g/cm3。
6.按照权利要求2所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该合金粉末颗粒呈球形或近球形。
7.按照权利要求2所述的NiCoCrAlY抗高温氧化热喷涂合金粉末材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该合金粉末成品率为40~60%。
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