CN114631412A - Organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field and distribution experiment method - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field and distribution experiment method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114631412A CN114631412A CN202210278328.4A CN202210278328A CN114631412A CN 114631412 A CN114631412 A CN 114631412A CN 202210278328 A CN202210278328 A CN 202210278328A CN 114631412 A CN114631412 A CN 114631412A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- wheat
- ammonia volatilization
- ammonia
- organic fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization strength of wheat fields, which is prepared by preparing soil, ridging and immediately sowing peanuts after harvesting winter wheat in the previous season, ploughing the soil after peanut straw forming to form peanut green manure, performing a distribution experiment by using the green manure, namely selecting a plurality of groups of different experimental farmlands, fertilizing nitrogen fertilizers with different dosages for each group of experimental farmlands, sowing winter wheat in the experimental farmlands in the third step, monitoring ammonia volatilization loss of the wheat fields by adopting an intermittent closed chamber air extraction method after wheat sowing, taking ammonia absorption liquid back to a laboratory after air extraction is finished, and calculating ammonia volatilization flux every day by using a standard dilute sulphuric acid titration method and a measured value of 4 hours. Through reasonable application experiments of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, the method reasonably predicts how to reduce the ammonia volatilization emission intensity of the wheat field, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, improving the yield of wheat, reasonably utilizing resources and reducing the using amount of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to an organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of a wheat field and a distribution experiment method.
Background
Since ancient times, the plain of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is used as an important agricultural production area, the agricultural intensive degree is higher, the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the planting process of wheat crops becomes a normal state, but the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than 40%, the excessive nitrogen fertilizer cannot increase the crop yield, but can generate a series of environmental problems to bring serious harm to an ecological system, wherein ammonia volatilization is a main gaseous loss way of the nitrogen fertilizer and can reach 9-40% of the nitrogen application amount, nitrogen volatilized into the atmosphere can return to farmlands and natural ecological systems along with rainfall and other modes, the eutrophication of soil bodies and water systems is caused, and the biological diversity is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention is provided in view of the problems of the existing organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field and the distribution experimental method.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of a wheat field and a matched application experimental method, which aims to reduce ammonia volatilization emission intensity of the wheat field by matching application of the organic fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer, so that the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, and the yield of wheat is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an experimental method for preparing organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: after harvesting winter wheat of the previous crop, immediately sowing peanuts after land preparation and ridging;
step two: when the peanut straws sowed in the first step are molded, ploughing the land to form organic fertilizer in the soil;
step three: then selecting a plurality of groups of different experimental farmlands, and fertilizing with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizers in each group of experimental farmlands;
step four: sowing winter wheat in the experimental farmland in the third step, and monitoring the ammonia volatilization loss of the wheat field by adopting an intermittent closed chamber air extraction method after wheat sowing;
step five: after the air pumping is finished, the ammonia absorption liquid is taken back to a laboratory, the ammonia volatilization flux per day is calculated by a standard dilute sulfuric acid titration method according to the measured value of 4h, and the ammonia volatilization flux is continuously measured until the ammonia volatilization flux of each fertilization treatment is close to the environmental background value;
step six: the wheat yield of four groups of experimental farmlands is measured, and the total nitrogen content in the wheat is measured by a Kjeldahl method.
As a preferable scheme of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field and the distribution experiment method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the fertilization modes of the experimental farmland in the third step are divided into the following two modes: the organic fertilizer in the step two is matched with the nitrogen fertilizer for application and the pure nitrogen fertilizer is applied independently, wherein the peanut straw returning amount is 2.5-3.5t/hm2The nitrogen fertilizer dosage of the two modes is respectively as follows: the conventional dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 240kg/hm2The dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent and is 192kg/hm2The dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 40 percent and 144kg/hm2And no nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the following base fertilizer: the panicle fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 6: 4.
As a preferred scheme of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field and the distribution experiment method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: p is applied in all the fertilization treatments in the third step2O5 90kg/hm2，K2O 90kg/hm2Wherein, the phosphate fertilizer is applied according to a base fertilizer, and the potash fertilizer is applied according to a ratio of the base fertilizer to the panicle fertilizer of 5: 5.
As a preferred scheme of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field and the distribution experiment method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the intermittent airtight pumping method adopted in the fourth step uses a collecting device, which comprises: vacuum pump, choke valve, gas washing bottle, air exchange chamber, the air exchange chamber is open for the bottom, and there are the cylindrical organic glass of two exports at the top, and the gas outlet lets in gas through the vacuum pump in toward the gas washing bottle that is equipped with the absorption liquid, and the gas washing bottle links to each other with the choke valve, and the negative pressure that the vacuum pump provided pumps the indoor ammonia that produces of exchange to the absorption liquid in.
As a preferred scheme of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field and the distribution experiment method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: step four, during actual operation, the air exchange chamber is embedded into surface soil by 5-7 cm, a space with the height of 8-10 cm is reserved inside the air exchange chamber, the two outlets are used for air inlet and air outlet respectively, and the air inlet is connected with a hollow plastic ventilation rod with the height of 2.5m through a threaded pipe so as to reduce the influence of field surface air exchange on soil ammonia volatilization determination.
As a preferred scheme of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field and the distribution experiment method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the absorption liquid in the gas washing bottle is 2% boric acid solution containing mixed indicators, and the exchange frequency of indoor air is kept to be 10-15 times/min through a throttle valve-1，The air extraction time period is from eight to ten am and from two to four pm.
As a preferred scheme of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field and the distribution experiment method, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the calculation formula of the ammonia volatilization flux in the fifth step is as follows:
F＝(C×V×24×10-6)/(π×r2×t×10-4)
in the formula: f represents the daily flux of ammonia volatilization; c represents NH in the measured absorption solution+ - 4The concentration of N; v represents the volume of the dilute sulfuric acid absorption solution; t represents the ammonia collection time; r represents the radius of the exchange chamber where the ammonia volatiles are collected;
and calculating the ammonia volatilization loss rate and the ammonia volatilization emission intensity in the step five, wherein the formula is as follows:
R＝FW/f
in the formula: r represents the volatilization loss rate of ammonia; fWExpressing the total emission amount of ammonia volatilization; f represents the nitrogen application amount of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer;
Q＝E/Y
in the formula: q is the emission intensity of ammonia volatilization; e is the total ammonia volatilization emission per unit area; and Y is the wheat yield per unit area.
According to the organic fertilizer and the distribution experiment method for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field, an organic fertilizer is used, the organic fertilizer is peanut green fertilizer formed by soil preparation, ridging and peanut sowing immediately after the winter wheat in the previous season is harvested, and ploughing is carried out on the soil after the peanut straws are formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention reasonably foresees how to reduce the ammonia volatilization emission intensity of the wheat field through reasonable organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer distribution experiments, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and the wheat yield, reducing the wheat fertilizing amount by more than 20 percent through experiments, reasonably utilizing resources, reducing the fertilizer consumption, improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, keeping the high yield and high efficiency of crops and realizing the win-win of grain safety and ecological environment safety.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow structure diagram of an experimental method for the distribution of organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity in wheat field.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of ammonia volatilization rates of different treatments after base fertilizer application in an experimental method for preparing organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity in wheat fields.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of ammonia volatilization rates of different treatments after spike fertilizer application in an organic fertilizer distribution experiment method for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity in wheat fields.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of different treatments of an experimental method for the distribution of organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity in wheat field to wheat yield.
Fig. 5 is a schematic working principle diagram of a collecting device of the organic fertilizer distribution experimental method for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field.
In the figure: 1. an air exchange chamber; 2. a hollow plastic ventilation bar; 3. a vacuum pump; 4. a throttle valve; 5. a gas washing bottle;
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying figures of the present invention are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings, and in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the device is not enlarged partially according to the general scale for convenience of illustration, and the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity in wheat field and a dispensing experiment method, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after harvesting winter wheat of the previous crop, immediately sowing peanuts after land preparation and ridging;
step two: when the peanut straws sowed in the first step are formed, ploughing the land to form organic fertilizer in the soil;
step three: then selecting a plurality of groups of different experimental farmlands, and fertilizing each group of experimental farmlands by using different amounts of nitrogen fertilizers, wherein the specific fertilization conditions are divided into the following two conditions; the organic fertilizer in the step two is matched with the nitrogen fertilizer for application or the organic fertilizer is not matched for application, and the pure nitrogen fertilizer is directly and independently applied, wherein the peanut straw returning amount is 2.5-3.5t/hm2The nitrogen fertilizer dosage of the two modes is respectively as follows: the conventional dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 240kg/hm2The dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent and is 192kg/hm2The dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 40 percent and 144kg/hm2And no nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the following base fertilizer: the panicle fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 6:4, and P is applied in all the fertilization treatments2O5 90kg/hm2，K2O 90kg/hm2Wherein, the phosphate fertilizer is applied according to a base fertilizer, and the potash fertilizer is applied according to a ratio of the base fertilizer to the panicle fertilizer of 5: 5.
Step four: sowing winter wheat in an experimental farmland in the third step, and monitoring ammonia volatilization loss of the wheat farmland by adopting an intermittent closed chamber air extraction method after wheat sowing, wherein the method uses a collecting device which comprises the following steps: the vacuum pump, the choke valve, wash the gas cylinder, the air exchange room is open for the bottom, there is the cylindrical organic glass of two exports at the top, the gas outlet lets in gas through the vacuum pump in the wash the gas cylinder of absorption liquid toward being equipped with, wash the gas cylinder and link to each other with the choke valve, the negative pressure that the vacuum pump provided pumps the ammonia that produces in the exchange room to the absorption liquid, when actual operation, 5 ~ 7cm in embedding air exchange room top layer soil, inside leaves 8 ~ 10cm high space, two exports are used for admitting air respectively and giving vent to anger, the inlet port passes through the screwed pipe and is connected with the high hollow plastic ventilation rod of 2.5m, in order to reduce the influence of field face exchange air to soil ammonia volatilization survey, the absorption liquid that the wash gas cylinder was equipped with is the 2% boric acid solution that contains mixed indicator, through the choke valveKeeping the air exchange frequency in the exchange room at 10-15 times/min-1，The air extraction time period is eight to ten am and two to four pm;
step five: after the gas extraction is finished, the ammonia absorption liquid is taken back to the laboratory, the ammonia volatilization flux every day is calculated by a standard dilute sulfuric acid titration method according to the measured value of 4h, the ammonia volatilization flux is continuously measured until the ammonia volatilization flux of each fertilization treatment is close to the environmental background value, and the ammonia volatilization flux calculation formula is as follows:
F＝(C×V×24×10-6)/(π×r2×t×10-4)
in the formula: f represents the daily flux of ammonia volatilization; c represents NH in the measured absorption solution+ - 4The concentration of N; v represents the volume of the dilute sulfuric acid absorption solution; t represents the ammonia collection time; r represents the radius of the exchange chamber where the ammonia volatiles are collected;
wherein, calculating the ammonia volatilization loss rate and the ammonia volatilization emission intensity in the fifth step, and the formula is as follows:
R＝FW/f
in the formula: r represents the volatilization loss rate of ammonia; fWRepresenting the total amount of ammonia volatile emission; f represents the nitrogen application amount of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer;
Q＝E/Y
in the formula: q is ammonia volatilization emission intensity; e is the total ammonia volatilization emission per unit area; y is the wheat yield per unit area;
step six: the wheat yield of four groups of experimental farmlands is measured, and the total nitrogen content in the wheat is measured by a Kjeldahl method.
The invention also provides an organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field, which is peanut green fertilizer formed by preparing soil, ridging and immediately sowing peanuts after harvesting winter wheat in the previous season, and ploughing the soil after peanut straw is formed.
Wherein, the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer are gradually decreased in the three steps and are matched for application and recorded as P1, P2, P3 and P4 respectively, the single application and gradual decrease of the nitrogen fertilizer, namely the nitrogen fertilizer, are recorded as R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively, the difference of the average emission rates of ammonia volatilization after the base fertilizer and the ear fertilizer are applied in different treatments is obvious, and the difference is expressed as R1, P1, R2, P2, R3, P3, R4, P4, while the yield of the wheat is expressed as P1, R1, P2, R2, P3, R3, P4 and R4, therefore, under the condition of applying the same amount of the nitrogen fertilizer and the utilization rate of the green fertilizer is obviously improved compared with the single application of the nitrogen fertilizer, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and the green fertilizer is obviously improved
The invention reasonably foresees how to reduce the ammonia volatilization emission intensity of the wheat field through reasonable organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer distribution experiments, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and the wheat yield, reducing the wheat fertilizing amount by more than 20 percent through experiments, reasonably utilizing resources, reducing the fertilizer consumption, improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, keeping the high yield and high efficiency of crops and realizing the win-win of grain safety and ecological environment safety.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A distribution experiment method of an organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of a wheat field is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) preparing a solution,
the method comprises the following steps: after harvesting winter wheat of the previous crop, immediately sowing peanuts after land preparation and ridging;
step two: when the peanut straws sowed in the first step are molded, ploughing the land to form organic fertilizer in the soil;
step three: then selecting a plurality of groups of different experimental farmlands, and fertilizing with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizers in each group of experimental farmlands;
step four: sowing winter wheat in the experimental farmland in the third step, and monitoring the ammonia volatilization loss of the wheat field by adopting an intermittent closed chamber air extraction method after wheat sowing;
step five: after the air pumping is finished, the ammonia absorption liquid is taken back to a laboratory, the ammonia volatilization flux per day is calculated by a standard dilute sulfuric acid titration method according to the measured value of 4h, and the ammonia volatilization flux is continuously measured until the ammonia volatilization flux of each fertilization treatment is close to the environmental background value;
step six: the wheat yield of four experimental farmlands is measured, and the total nitrogen content in the wheat is measured by a Kjeldahl method.
2. The distribution experiment method of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilization modes of the experimental farmland in the third step are divided into the following two modes: the organic fertilizer in the step two is matched with the nitrogen fertilizer to be applied and the pure nitrogen fertilizer is applied separately, wherein the returning amount of the peanut straws is 2.5-3.5t/hm2The nitrogen fertilizer dosage of the two modes is respectively as follows: the conventional dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 240kg/hm2The dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent and is 192kg/hm2The dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 40 percent and 144kg/hm2And no nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the following base fertilizer: the panicle fertilizer is applied at a ratio of 6: 4.
3. The dispensing experiment method of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field according to claim 2, is characterized in that: p is applied in all the fertilization treatments in the third step2O5 90kg/hm2，K2O 90kg/hm2Wherein, the phosphate fertilizer is applied according to a base fertilizer, and the potash fertilizer is applied according to a ratio of the base fertilizer to the panicle fertilizer of 5: 5.
4. The distribution experiment method of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field according to claim 3, characterized in that: the intermittent airtight pumping method adopted in the fourth step uses a collecting device, which comprises: vacuum pump, choke valve, gas washing bottle, air exchange chamber, the air exchange chamber is open for the bottom, and there are the cylindrical organic glass of two exports at the top, and the gas outlet lets in gas through the vacuum pump in toward the gas washing bottle that is equipped with the absorption liquid, and the gas washing bottle links to each other with the choke valve, and the negative pressure that the vacuum pump provided pumps the indoor ammonia that produces of exchange to the absorption liquid in.
5. The distribution experiment method of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field according to claim 4, characterized in that: step four, during actual operation, the air exchange chamber is embedded into surface soil by 5-7 cm, a space with the height of 8-10 cm is reserved inside the air exchange chamber, the two outlets are used for air inlet and air outlet respectively, and the air inlet is connected with a hollow plastic ventilation rod with the height of 2.5m through a threaded pipe so as to reduce the influence of field surface air exchange on soil ammonia volatilization determination.
6. The distribution experiment method of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field according to claim 5, characterized in that: the absorption liquid in the gas washing bottle is 2% boric acid solution containing mixed indicators, and the exchange frequency of indoor air is kept to be 10-15 times/min through a throttle valve-1The air extraction time interval is eight to ten am and two to four pm.
7. The dispensing experiment method of the organic fertilizer for reducing the ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field according to any one of claims 1 to 6, is characterized in that: the calculation formula of ammonia volatilization flux in the fifth step is as follows:
F＝(C×V×24×10-6)/(π×r2×t×10-4)
in the formula: f represents the daily flux of ammonia volatilization; c represents NH in the measured absorption solution+ - 4The concentration of N; v represents the volume of the dilute sulfuric acid absorption solution; t represents the ammonia collection time; r represents the radius of the exchange chamber where the ammonia volatiles are collected;
and calculating the ammonia volatilization loss rate and the ammonia volatilization emission intensity in the step five, wherein the formula is as follows:
R＝FW/f
in the formula: r represents the volatilization loss rate of ammonia; fWRepresenting the total amount of ammonia volatile emission; f represents the nitrogen application amount of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer;
Q＝E/Y
in the formula: q is the emission intensity of ammonia volatilization; e is the total ammonia volatilization emission per unit area; and Y is the wheat yield per unit area.
8. The organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of the wheat field is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is peanut green fertilizer formed by soil preparation, ridging and peanut sowing immediately after winter wheat in the previous season is harvested, and ploughing the soil after peanut straw is formed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210278328.4A CN114631412A (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field and distribution experiment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210278328.4A CN114631412A (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field and distribution experiment method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114631412A true CN114631412A (en) | 2022-06-17 |
Family
ID=81949859
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210278328.4A Pending CN114631412A (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field and distribution experiment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114631412A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104813789A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Beijing region winter wheat divisional nitrogen application method giving consideration to area yield and environmental risk |
| KR20160073049A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-24 | 에잇스타 협동조합 | Manufacturing method of Microbes blended organic fertilizer |
| CN106018670A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-10-12 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Field in-situ monitoring method of ammonia volatilization from farmland soils |
| CN107509509A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-26 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of wheat Green manuring method |
| CN113588867A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-02 | 四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Height-adjustable farmland ammonia volatilization collection device and determination method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-03-17 CN CN202210278328.4A patent/CN114631412A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20160073049A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-24 | 에잇스타 협동조합 | Manufacturing method of Microbes blended organic fertilizer |
| CN104813789A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 北京市农林科学院 | Beijing region winter wheat divisional nitrogen application method giving consideration to area yield and environmental risk |
| CN106018670A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-10-12 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Field in-situ monitoring method of ammonia volatilization from farmland soils |
| CN107509509A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-26 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of wheat Green manuring method |
| CN113588867A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-02 | 四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Height-adjustable farmland ammonia volatilization collection device and determination method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104186156B (en) | Take into account the Yu Bei moisture soil district winter wheat high-yield culturing fertilizing method of environmental capacity | |
| CN106780078A (en) | A kind of cereal crops produce the measuring method of carbon emission amount | |
| CN1673201A (en) | Sprayed fertilizer | |
| CN106233908A (en) | A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method | |
| CN103444296A (en) | Method for vegetation restoration in ecological fragile zones of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil | |
| CN113079978A (en) | Rape waterlogging-resistant cultivation method | |
| CN107827550A (en) | A kind of efficient biological compound fertilizer | |
| Li et al. | Effect of irrigation to winter wheat on the soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of summer maize in North China | |
| CN115250669A (en) | Method for improving and restoring soil quality of waste farmland of building residues | |
| Bacon et al. | Nutrient availability under trickle irrigation: I. Distribution of water and Bray no. 1 phosphate | |
| CN104838958A (en) | Planting method for increasing grape survival rate | |
| CN114631412A (en) | Organic fertilizer for reducing ammonia volatilization intensity of wheat field and distribution experiment method | |
| CN115804276A (en) | Cultivation method suitable for semi-arid region | |
| CN102893777B (en) | Method of using domestic sewage for corn irrigation to improve soil fertility | |
| CN111990009B (en) | Method for promoting germination of Cotinus coggygria seeds in Sichuan | |
| CN109220076A (en) | A kind of Sesbania seed processing method | |
| CN114751776A (en) | Mixed fungal fertilizer suitable for reduced fertilizer application of low-fertility farmland and application method | |
| CN110204374A (en) | A kind of tomato fertilizer and its application method and application | |
| CN111713394B (en) | Saffron substrate cultivation method | |
| CN113099764A (en) | Method for improving planting environment during total straw returning | |
| Snyder et al. | Rice production in the United States–an overview | |
| Phong et al. | Effects of nitrogen fertilizer types and alternate wetting and drying irrigation on rice yield and nitrous oxide emission in rice cultivation | |
| CN110800543B (en) | Elaeagnus angustifolia seedling raising method | |
| Neilsen et al. | Response of fruit trees to phosphorus fertilization | |
| Zhai et al. | Subsoiling before winter wheat alleviates the kernel position effect of densely grown summer maize by delaying post-silking root-shoot senescence |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |