CN114623740A - Blasting method for protecting side slope by electronic detonator delay time - Google Patents
Blasting method for protecting side slope by electronic detonator delay time Download PDFInfo
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- CN114623740A CN114623740A CN202210398859.7A CN202210398859A CN114623740A CN 114623740 A CN114623740 A CN 114623740A CN 202210398859 A CN202210398859 A CN 202210398859A CN 114623740 A CN114623740 A CN 114623740A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100350185 Caenorhabditis elegans odd-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a blasting method for protecting a side slope by using an electronic detonator delay time. The method comprises the steps of punching, charging, delay setting and detonation route checking, wherein a first row of blast holes close to a free surface is used as a first row, odd rows and even rows are sequentially set backwards, a row interval delay time interval is arranged, a plurality of first conventional blast holes are reserved in the odd rows, an equi-proportional series mode is adopted for sequentially setting delay time towards a slope direction, a plurality of second conventional blast holes are reserved in the even rows, a Fibonacci series mode is adopted for sequentially setting delay time towards the slope direction, hole interval delay time intervals are set between the blast holes in the same row, and hole interval delay time intervals between the first conventional blast holes and the second conventional blast holes are all set in an equi-proportional series mode; when the method is used for blasting the side slope without changing the aperture size and the hole distribution mode, the influence on the area which is not blasted can be effectively reduced, and the cost of the side slope blasting can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a blasting method for protecting a side slope by delaying time of an electronic detonator.
Background
In blasting technologies, a presplitting blasting method, a smooth blasting method or a cushion blasting method is generally adopted for blasting technologies of slopes. Pre-blasting is to drill a row of dense drill holes along the boundary line of a designed side slope of an open-pit mine, firstly, a small amount of explosive is filled in each blast hole, pre-blasting is carried out before the main blast hole is detonated, a pre-crack with a certain width (1-2 cm) is blasted and penetrates through the drill holes, and then, a blasted rock mass medium and a side slope structure are separated, so that the vibration effect caused by blasting is reduced, and the damage of the side slope rock mass is reduced; the smooth blasting is to drill a row of dense parallel drill holes along the boundary of the side slope, a small amount of explosive is filled in the holes, and the blasting is carried out after the drilling blasting of the mining area to form a flat rock wall surface of the central line of the dense drill holes, so that the effect of protecting the stability of the side slope is achieved; the buffer blasting is that a plurality of rows of resistance lines and buffer holes with gradually decreased charging amount are arranged on a side slope boundary line close to a side slope, so that a buffer layer capable of attenuating the seismic effect is formed, the buffer layer is detonated after normal mining blasting, and the charging amount is reduced in a conventional blast hole, so that the blasting vibration effect is reduced, and the stability of the side slope is protected.
However, in the above blasting methods, the costs of time, cost, and the like of blasting a slope are much higher than those of conventional blasting regardless of the presplitting blasting method, the smooth blasting method, and the cushion blasting method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a slope blasting method for protecting a slope by using an electronic detonator delay time, which is used for solving the problems of high time cost and high cost in slope blasting in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a blasting method for protecting a side slope by delaying time of an electronic detonator, which comprises the following steps:
punching and charging, namely punching a plurality of rows of blast holes on the side slope, packaging and arranging detonators in the blast holes, and connecting the detonators to an initiator;
setting time delay, namely setting odd rows and even rows backwards in sequence by taking a first row of the blast holes close to a free surface as a head row, setting a row interval delay time interval between the adjacent odd rows and the even rows, a plurality of first conventional blast holes are reserved at one end of the odd rows close to the side slope, the delay time is set in turn in the manner that the odd rows face the side slope in an equal ratio array manner, a plurality of second conventional blast holes are reserved at one end of the even-numbered rows close to the side slope, the delay time is sequentially set by adopting a Fibonacci number series mode towards the side slope direction in the even-numbered rows, setting inter-hole delay time intervals among the blast holes in the same row in a Fibonacci number series mode, wherein the inter-hole delay time intervals among the first conventional blast holes and the inter-hole delay time intervals among the second conventional blast holes are set in an equal ratio number series mode;
and checking the detonating line, and detonating the detonator under the condition of meeting the blasting condition.
In a possible embodiment, preferably, in the perforating charge, rows of blast holes are punched on the side slope in a triangular hole distribution manner.
In one possible embodiment, it is preferable that the number of the first and second conventional blast holes is set to 5.
In one possible embodiment, it is preferable that, in the delay setting, equal inter-row delay time intervals are set successively backward starting with the first row.
In a possible embodiment, it is preferable that, in the delay setting, the common ratio of the series of equal ratios is 1.2 to 3.
In one possible embodiment, in the delay setting, it is preferable that a first initial hole is set in a plurality of the first conventional blastholes, a hole delay time interval between the first initial hole and a next hole is an initial hole delay time interval, and a second initial hole is set in a plurality of the second conventional blastholes, and a base number of the hole delay time interval between the second initial hole and the next hole is half of a sum of the initial hole delay time interval and a next hole delay time interval in a previous odd-numbered row.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a blasting method for protecting a side slope by using delay time of an electronic detonator, which comprises the steps of punching, charging, delay setting and detonating line inspection, wherein in the step of delay setting, delay setting is carried out, a first row of blasting holes close to a free surface is taken as a first row, odd rows and even rows are sequentially set backwards, a row delay time interval is set between the adjacent odd rows and even rows, a plurality of first conventional blasting holes are reserved at one end of the odd rows close to the side slope, delay time is sequentially set by the odd rows in an equal ratio sequence mode towards the side slope direction, a plurality of second conventional blasting holes are reserved at one end of the even rows close to the side slope, delay time is sequentially set by the even rows towards the side slope direction in a Bobonacci sequence mode, hole delay time intervals are set by the same row of blasting holes, hole delay time intervals between the first conventional blasting holes and hole intervals between the second conventional blasting holes The time intervals are set in an equal ratio array mode, after delay time is set, the detonation circuit is checked, the detonator is detonated under the condition that blasting conditions are met, the delay time is gradually reduced through a mathematical mode, and therefore the time for separating each blast hole from the whole rock is regularly slowed down, the influence on an unexploded area can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile blasting cost can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for slope blasting by electronic detonator delay time protection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a blast hole in a side slope;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of arranging blast holes on a slope.
Description of the main element symbols:
100-side slope; 110-blast hole; 120-filling blast holes; 130-detonator; 200-free surface; 210-first row; 300-blast holes; 310-odd rows; 311-first hole; 312-a first conventional blast hole; 320-even rows; 321-a second first hole; 322-second conventional blast hole.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a blasting method for protecting a slope by an electronic detonator delay time (hereinafter referred to as blasting method), which includes a step S100 of perforating and charging; s200, setting time delay; and step S300, checking the detonating circuit. When the slope is blasted by the blasting method, the delay blasting time is set for the detonator 130 by combining a mathematical mode, so that the influence on the non-blasting area of the slope is reduced, and the cost of slope blasting is reduced.
The specific implementation steps of the blasting method are as follows:
step S100, punching and charging, punching a plurality of rows of blast holes 110 on the side slope 100, packaging and arranging detonators 130 in the blast holes 110, and connecting the detonators 130 to an initiator.
Referring to fig. 2, specifically, by calculating to punch a suitable blast hole 110 on the slope 100 and simultaneously to load a detonator 130 into the blast hole 110, and after filling the blast hole 120, connecting the detonator 130 to the initiator, which is a conventional perforating and charging step, in order to load the detonator 130 and explosive into the blast hole 110, it can be understood that the amount of charge and the type of detonator 130 can be selected according to actual conditions.
And step S200, delay setting.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, specifically, after the plurality of rows of the blast holes 110 are arranged on the slope 100, the rows of the blast holes 110 are further arranged, and the odd rows 310 and the even rows 320 are sequentially set backward with the first row near the free surface 200 as the first row. That is, the first row close to the free surface 200 is an odd-1 row, and the first row is an even-2 row, an odd-3 row, and an even-4 row in this order, and the row delay time interval (row delay time interval is a delay time between rows) is set between the adjacent odd row 310 and the even row 320, for example, the row delay time interval between the first row (odd row 310) and the second row (even row 320) is set to 100ms, the row delay time interval between the second row (even row 320) and the third row (odd row) should be set to 200ms, and the row delay time interval between the third row (odd row) and the fourth row (even row) should be set to 300ms, and the row delay time intervals are sequentially set backward.
Referring to fig. 3, after the inter-row delay time interval is set, a plurality of first conventional blast holes 312 are reserved at one end of the odd-numbered row 310 close to the side slope, a plurality of second conventional blast holes 322 are reserved at one end of the even-numbered row 320 close to the side slope, the delay time is set sequentially by the blast holes 110 of the odd-numbered row 310 in an equal-ratio number series manner toward the side slope, and the delay time is set sequentially by the even-numbered row 320 in a fibonacci number series manner toward the side slope.
Meanwhile, odd-numbered rows 310 and even-numbered rows 320 both set the inter-hole lag time intervals between the blast holes 110 in the same row in a fibonacci number series manner, and the inter-hole lag time intervals between the first conventional blast holes 312 and the second conventional blast holes 322 are set in an equal ratio number series manner.
It should be noted that the inter-hole lag time interval is a lag time between two adjacent blast holes 110, and the lag time of a blast hole 110 is a time required to delay the blast hole 110.
It is understood that the plurality of first conventional blast holes 312 and the plurality of second conventional blast holes 322 reserved in the odd rows 310 near one end of the slope are the longest delay time blast holes 110.
For better understanding, after 5 first conventional blast holes 312 are left in the odd-numbered rows 310, the delay time is set in an equal-ratio array mode from one end far away from the slope to the slope, assuming that 10 blast holes 110 are provided, after the 5 reserved first conventional blast holes 312, the common ratio of the 5 first conventional blast holes 312 is set to be 2, the delay time of the first hole is 100ms, the hole-to-hole delay time interval between the first hole and the previous hole is 10ms, the delay time of the next hole is set in an equal-ratio array mode on the basis of 10ms of the delay interval between the first hole and the next hole, and the delay time of the previous hole is added, namely 10 × 2+100 ms is 120ms, the delay time of the third hole is set in an equal-ratio array mode on the basis of 20ms of the hole-to-hole delay interval, 20 × 2+ 40ms, so the delay time of the third hole is 160 +2 ms, and the extension time of each of the blast holes 110 is sequentially set in the plurality of first conventional blast holes 312 in this rule.
Similarly, after a plurality of second conventional blast holes 322 are reserved at one end of the even-numbered row 320 close to the side slope, delay time is sequentially set in a Fibonacci number series manner from one end far away from the side slope towards the side slope, hole delay time intervals are set in the same row of blast holes 110 in the Fibonacci number series manner, and hole delay time intervals are set in the plurality of second conventional blast holes 322 in an equal ratio number series manner.
In this step, the blastholes 110 other than first conventional blasthole 312 and second conventional blasthole 322 each set the inter-hole lag time interval in a fibonacci number series manner, and blastholes 110 between first conventional blasthole 312 and second conventional blasthole 322 each set the inter-hole lag time interval in an equal ratio number series manner.
And step S300, checking the detonation circuit, and detonating the detonator 130 under the condition of meeting the blasting condition.
Specifically, after the blasting delay time of the detonator 130 is set, the voltage conditions of the detonation circuit and the detonator are checked, and the detonator 130 is detonated under the condition that the detonation condition is satisfied.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the blasting method is applied to slope blasting by combining a mathematical mode, the delay time of the blast holes 110 is set by utilizing an equal ratio sequence and a Fibonacci sequence, meanwhile, the inter-row delay time interval is set between rows, and the inter-hole delay time interval is set between holes, so that the delay time of the blast holes 110 closer to the slope is regularly prolonged, the time for separating the blast holes from the whole rock after blasting is gradually slowed down, the last blast holes closest to the slope bear the blast stress generated by each blasting, the unexploded area on the slope can be effectively protected under the condition of not influencing the blasting effect, and meanwhile, the blasting cost can be effectively reduced under the condition of not changing the size of the blasting hole diameter and the hole distribution mode, and the slope blasting operation is very favorable.
Referring to fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment of the solution of the present invention, in the step S100 of perforating and charging, a triangular hole distribution mode is preferably adopted to perforate a plurality of rows of blast holes 110 on the side slope 100, and of course, a hole distribution mode or a rectangular hole distribution mode may also be adopted to perforate the side slope, so as to effectively improve the effect of the delay time after the delay time can be set in combination with a mathematical mode.
As a preferred embodiment of the solution of the present invention, the number of the plurality of first conventional blastholes 312 reserved in the odd rows 310 is 5, and the number of the plurality of second conventional blastholes 322 reserved in the even rows 320 is also 5. Of course, the reserved number of the first conventional blastholes 312 and the second conventional blastholes 322 can be set according to the requirement, and the number can be the same or different.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S200, in the delay setting, the equal inter-row delay time intervals are set sequentially backward from the first row close to the free surface 200 as the first row 210, that is, the inter-row delay time intervals may be set to be the same 100ms or 200 ms.
Of course, the inter-row deferral time interval may also be set to unequal deferral times, for example, the inter-row deferral time interval between the first row and the second row may be set to 100ms, and the inter-row deferral time interval between the second row and the third row may be set to 200 ms.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S200 and the delay setting, when the delay time is set in the manner of an equal ratio sequence for the odd-numbered rows 310, the common ratio is preferably selected from 1.2 to 3, and other common ratios may be selected according to practical applications.
When the lag time setting is performed using the fibonacci number sequence for even row 320, the inter-hole lag time interval between the first hole and the second hole in second plurality of conventional blast holes 322 is half the sum of the first inter-hole lag time interval and the second inter-hole lag time interval in first plurality of conventional blast holes 312 in previous odd row 310.
For the sake of more clear description, the first initial hole 311 is set in the first conventional blast holes 312 of the odd-numbered row 310, the hole delay time interval between the first initial hole 311 and the next blast hole 110 is the initial hole delay time interval, the second initial hole 321 is set in the second conventional blast holes 322 of the even-numbered row 320, and assuming that the adopted common ratio between the first conventional blast holes 312 is 2, the blast time of the first hole delay time interval between the first conventional blast holes 110 of the odd-numbered row 310 is 20ms, the next hole delay time interval is 20+40 ms, and further, in the second conventional blast holes 322 of the even-numbered row 320, the hole delay time interval between the second initial hole 321 and the next blast hole is set to (20+ 40)/2-30 ms, and the next hole delay time interval is 30ms, 30-60 ms.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A blasting method for protecting a side slope by using an electronic detonator delay time is characterized by comprising the following steps:
punching and charging, namely punching a plurality of rows of blast holes on the side slope, packaging and arranging detonators in the blast holes, and connecting the detonators to an initiator;
setting time delay, namely setting odd rows and even rows backwards in sequence by taking a first row of the blast holes close to a free surface as a head row, setting a row interval delay time interval between the adjacent odd rows and the even rows, a plurality of first conventional blast holes are reserved at one end of the odd rows close to the side slope, the delay time is set in turn in the manner that the odd rows face the side slope in an equal ratio array manner, a plurality of second conventional blast holes are reserved at one end of the even-numbered rows close to the side slope, the delay time is sequentially set by adopting a Fibonacci number series mode towards the side slope direction in the even-numbered rows, setting inter-hole delay time intervals among the blast holes in the same row in a Fibonacci number series mode, wherein the inter-hole delay time intervals among the first conventional blast holes and the inter-hole delay time intervals among the second conventional blast holes are set in an equal ratio number series mode;
and checking the detonating line, and detonating the detonator under the condition of meeting the blasting condition.
2. A method of blasting an electronic detonator delay time protected slope according to claim 1 wherein the perforating charge is formed by perforating the slope in a triangular pattern.
3. The method of blasting an electronic detonator delay time protection slope according to claim 1, wherein the number of the first conventional blastholes and the number of the second conventional blastholes are each set to 5.
4. A blasting method of an electronic detonator delay time protection slope according to claim 1, wherein in the delay setting, an equal inter-row delay time interval is set successively backwards starting from the first row.
5. The method for blasting the electronic detonator delay time protection slope according to claim 1, wherein in the delay setting, the common ratio of the geometric progression is 1.2-3.
6. A method of blasting an electronic detonator delay time protected slope according to claim 1, wherein in the delay setting, a first initial hole is set in a plurality of the first conventional blast holes, and an inter-hole delay time interval between the first initial hole and a next hole is an initial inter-hole delay time interval, and a second initial hole is set in a plurality of the second conventional blast holes, and an inter-hole delay time interval between the second initial hole and the next hole is a half of a sum of the initial inter-hole delay time interval and a next inter-hole delay time interval in a previous odd-numbered row and a next inter-hole delay time interval in a next odd-numbered row.
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| CN202210398859.7A CN114623740A (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2022-04-15 | Blasting method for protecting side slope by electronic detonator delay time |
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| CN202210398859.7A CN114623740A (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2022-04-15 | Blasting method for protecting side slope by electronic detonator delay time |
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| CN102607340A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Blasting method for improving shovel loading efficiencies of strip mines |
| CN203489797U (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-03-19 | 中铁十七局集团第六工程有限公司 | Deep foundation pit blasting device capable of guaranteeing slope stability |
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2022
- 2022-04-15 CN CN202210398859.7A patent/CN114623740A/en active Pending
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| CN102607340A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Blasting method for improving shovel loading efficiencies of strip mines |
| CN203489797U (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-03-19 | 中铁十七局集团第六工程有限公司 | Deep foundation pit blasting device capable of guaranteeing slope stability |
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| KR101981514B1 (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2019-05-23 | 김재희 | Blasting method for tunnel |
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