CN112035989A - Blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators - Google Patents

Blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators Download PDF

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CN112035989A
CN112035989A CN202010944127.4A CN202010944127A CN112035989A CN 112035989 A CN112035989 A CN 112035989A CN 202010944127 A CN202010944127 A CN 202010944127A CN 112035989 A CN112035989 A CN 112035989A
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周桂松
冷振东
郝亚飞
戴志清
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China Gezhouba Group Yipuli Co ltd
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
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    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
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Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators, which comprises the steps of determining an optimal apparent blast hole dense coefficient and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form according to field blasting basic parameters, and calculating an optimal blast hole distance a and a row spacing b; calculating the delay time delta t between holes according to row-by-row explosion initiationsInter-bank delay time Δ trAnd total delay time T of detonating networkt(ii) a Calculating the delay time delta T between the oblique holes according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time of row-by-row detonation; numbering all blast holes in sequence according to the detonation sequence, and calculating the detonation time t of each blast hole from outside to inside in sequencek(ii) a And drawing a detonation network diagram and checking according to the actual detonation time of the blast hole. The invention can effectively avoid the phenomenon of channeling sections and channeling rows in the blasting network, so that the blasting energy in the whole blasting area is distributed uniformly in time and space, the defects of empirical formulas are made up, and the programming and the embedding of an electronic detonator registration system are facilitated.

Description

Blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting parameter design technology, in particular to a blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators.
Background
With the continuous development of the basic construction of China, the engineering blasting technology is more and more widely applied, and the requirement on the blasting technology is higher and higher. Whether the blasting parameters are reasonable or not can greatly influence the blasting effect. Under the condition of electronic initiation, the blasting design relates to a plurality of parameters, wherein delay parameters and hole distribution modes have obvious influence on the blasting effect and the utilization of the blasting energy.
With the continuous development and improvement of blasting equipment, the electronic detonator is successfully developed and applied to engineering blasting practice. At present, the error of a common electronic detonator is controlled to be less than 1ms, and the electronic detonator has obvious advantages in two aspects of crushing optimization and vibration control besides the advantages of safety control and flexible field delay design. The early stage is limited by the delay precision of the detonator, and the values of the delay of the long meter are generally larger by students. With the high-speed development of the electronic detonator initiation technology, the advantage of short delay in blasting is more and more emphasized, and the short delay becomes a development trend in the blasting delay parameter design of the electronic detonator. The uniformity of the resistance line at the moment of blasting hole initiation is closely related to the arrangement type of the blasting holes, and the direction and the range of the blasting funnel after blasting hole initiation are closely related to the free noodle pieces at the moment of blasting hole initiation. The influence of blast hole arrangement on energy spatial distribution and macroscopic overall delay time distribution. According to the theory of the blasting funnel, if the difference of the explosibility of the rock mass in different directions is ignored, the more uniform the actual resistance lines in different directions in the blasting action range of each blast hole in the blasting area are, the more uniform the distribution of blasting energy is, the better the blasting rock-breaking effect is, and the higher the energy utilization rate of the explosive is.
The existing electronic detonator blasting design basically continues to use the design method of the traditional detonating tube detonator, and has a plurality of defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blasting design method based on the equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators aiming at the defect that an empirical formula is still adopted to calculate blasting parameters in the existing blasting design.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the density coefficient and the hole distribution form of the blast hole: determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form based on an equi-spaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory of the electronic detonators according to field explosion basic parameters;
s2, determining the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes: calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
s3, determining the delay time delta t between holessAnd inter-bank delay time Δ tr: according to the row-by-row blasting mode, according to the determined blast hole spacing a and row spacing b, calculating the delay time delta t between holessAnd inter-bank delay time Δ tr；
S4, calculating the total delay time: calculating the total delay time T of the detonation network according to the row-by-row detonation mode by the following formulat：
Figure BDA0002673124620000021
Wherein i is 1 to n; j is 1-m, n is the number of blast holes in each row, and m is the number of rows of blast holes;
s5, determining the delay time delta T between the oblique holes: according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation, calculating the delay time delta T between oblique holes according to the hole arrangement form of the blast holes, the distance a between the blast holes and the row distance b and according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002673124620000031
in the formula, N is the total number of blast holes, and N is more than 1;
and S6, numbering blast holes and calculating the detonation time in sequence: numbering all blast holes according to the initiation sequence from 1 to N in sequence, and calculating the initiation time of each blast hole according to the following formula from outside to inside in sequence, wherein the initiation time t of the kth blast holekCalculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002673124620000032
s7, drawing a detonating network diagram and checking: and drawing a detonation network diagram according to the calculated detonation time of each blast hole, and checking.
By adopting the scheme, the invention is designed based on the energy balanced distribution theory of the electronic detonators with equal intervals and short time delay, so that the channeling sections and channeling rows in the blasting network are effectively avoided, the triangular oblique line hole-by-hole blasting is combined, and the uniform distribution of the blasting hole blasting time difference in the whole blasting network is realized, so that the balanced distribution of the blasting energy in the whole blasting area on time and space is realized, and the programming and the embedding of an electronic detonator registration system are facilitated.
In the step of determining the hole density coefficient and the hole distribution form, the blasting unit consumption requirement is usually kept unchanged, that is, the hole burden area is constant, that is, a is a constant.
The blasting energy distribution and the distribution of the blast hole detonation instant resistance lines are in important relation, and the energy distribution uniformity index UE is defined as:
UE＝1-(Wmax-Wmin)/Wavg
in the formula, Wmax is the maximum value of the three directional resistance lines, Wmax＝Max{W1，W2，W3}; wmin is the minimum of the three directional resistance lines, Wmin＝Max{W1，W2，W3}; wavg is the average of the three directional lines of resistance, Wavg＝(W1+W2+W3)/3。
Calculating to obtain an energy distribution uniformity index when the isosceles triangle is provided with holes:
Figure BDA0002673124620000041
in the formula, m is an apparent blast hole density coefficient, m is a/b, and m is more than or equal to 1. When m is 1.15, the uniformity index has a limit value of 1, namely the blasting energy distribution in the form of regular triangular hole distribution is most uniform when the holes are detonated hole by hole. Meanwhile, considering that the empty face condition of the side face of the blast hole is not actually consistent with the empty face condition of the front edge, the value range of the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m can be 1.15-1.30; and further calculating the values of the row distances a and b between the blast holes, and calculating according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002673124620000042
Figure BDA0002673124620000043
in the above calculation formula, S is the blast hole burden area in m2And m is the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient.
In step S3, for inter-hole lag time Δ tsThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δts＝ksTsijSij；
for calculating inter-bank delay time DeltatrThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δtr＝krTrjBj
in the above calculation formula, i is the hole site number of the row where the blast holes of 1-n are located; j is the number of the row where the blast holes of 1-m are located, and n and m are both natural numbers; k is a radical ofsThe correction coefficient of delay time between holes is considered for the impedance characteristic of rock wave; t issij is the delay time of prolonging the meter between holes, and the unit is ms/m; sijThe distance between the ith-1 blast hole and the ith blast hole in the jth row is expressed in m.
Delay time Deltat between holessCalculation formula and inter-bank delay time DeltatrSubstituting calculation formula into total network delay time TtIn the calculation formula, the calculation formula for obtaining the total network delay time is as follows:
Figure BDA0002673124620000044
finally, the total network delay time T is settSubstituting the calculation result into the delay time delta T between the oblique holes and the detonation time T of the kth blast holekRespectively obtaining the delay time delta T between oblique holes and the detonation time T of the kth blast holekThe calculation formula of (a) is respectively:
Figure BDA0002673124620000051
Figure BDA0002673124620000052
the blasting network has the advantages that the phenomena of channeling sections and channeling rows in the blasting network can be effectively avoided, the triangular oblique lines are combined for hole-by-hole blasting, poor uniform distribution of blasting hole blasting in the whole blasting network is realized, and accordingly the uniform distribution of the blasting energy of the whole blasting area in time and space is realized; the method has a theoretical basis, makes up the defects of an empirical formula, has a clear principle, and is convenient for programming and embedding an electronic detonator registration system.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the row-by-row initiation detonating circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the oblique detonation initiation circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the detonation network design for a specific case in which the method of the invention is applied.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings, but the invention is not limited thereby within the scope of the embodiments described.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the density coefficient and the hole distribution form of the blast hole: determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form based on an equi-spaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory of the electronic detonators according to field explosion basic parameters;
s2, determining the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes: calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
s3, determining the delay time delta t between holessAnd inter-bank delay time Δ tr: according to the row-by-row blasting mode, according to the determined blast hole spacing a and row spacing b, calculating the delay time delta t between holessAnd inter-bank delay time Δ tr；
S4, calculating the total delay time: calculating the total delay time T of the detonation network according to the row-by-row detonation mode by the following formulat：
Figure BDA0002673124620000061
Wherein i is 1 to n; j is 7-m, n is the number of blast holes in each row, and m is the number of rows of blast holes;
s5, determining the delay time delta T between the oblique holes: according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation, calculating the delay time delta T between oblique holes according to the hole arrangement form of the blast holes, the distance a between the blast holes and the row distance b and according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002673124620000062
in the formula, N is the total number of blast holes, and N is more than 1;
and S6, numbering blast holes and calculating the detonation time in sequence: numbering all blast holes according to the initiation sequence of 7-N in sequence, and calculating the initiation time of each blast hole according to the following formula from outside to inside in sequence, wherein the initiation time t of the kth blast holekCalculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002673124620000063
s7, drawing a detonating network diagram and checking: and drawing a detonation network diagram according to the calculated detonation time of each blast hole, and checking.
In the step of determining the hole density coefficient and the hole distribution form, the blasting unit consumption requirement is usually kept unchanged, that is, the hole burden area is constant, that is, a, b, S, is constant.
Calculating to obtain an energy distribution uniformity index when the isosceles triangle is provided with holes:
Figure BDA0002673124620000064
in the formula, m is an apparent blast hole density coefficient, m is a/b, and m is more than or equal to 1. When m is 1.15, the uniformity index has a limit value of 1, namely the blasting energy distribution in the form of regular triangular hole distribution is most uniform when the holes are detonated hole by hole. Meanwhile, considering that the empty face condition of the side face of the blast hole is not actually consistent with the empty face condition of the front edge, the value range of the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m can be 1.15-1.30; and further calculating the values of the row distances a and b between the blast holes, and calculating according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002673124620000071
Figure BDA0002673124620000072
in the above calculation formula, 5 is the blast hole burden area in m2And m is the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient.
In step S3, for inter-hole lag time Δ tsThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δts＝ksTsijSij；
for calculating inter-bank delay time DeltatrThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δtr＝krTrjBj
in the above calculation formula, i is the hole site number of the row where the blast holes of 7-n are located; j is the number of the row where the blast holes of 1-m are located, and n and m are both natural numbers; k is a radical ofsThe correction coefficient of delay time between holes is considered for the impedance characteristic of rock wave; t issijThe delay time is the delay time between holes in a meter extension way, and the unit is ms/m; sijThe distance between the ith-1 blast hole and the ith blast hole in the jth row is expressed in m.
Delay time Deltat between holessCalculation formula and inter-bank delay time DeltatrSubstituting calculation formula into total network delay time TtIn the calculation formula, the calculation formula for obtaining the total network delay time is as follows:
Figure BDA0002673124620000073
finally, the total network delay time T is settSubstituting the calculation result into the delay time delta T between the oblique holes and the detonation time T of the kth blast holekIn the calculation formulas of (1), respectivelyObtaining the delay time delta T between the oblique holes and the detonation time T of the kth blast holekThe calculation formula of (a) is respectively:
Figure BDA0002673124620000081
Figure BDA0002673124620000082
referring to fig. 1-3 in combination with fig. 4, when blasting mining is performed in a large-scale surface mine, an electronic detonator is used for initiation, and the burden area of a blast hole is 36m2±0.5m2And the total number of the blast holes is four rows, and the blast hole network parameters and the initiation network are designed according to the method, wherein the total number of the blast holes is 54. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form according to field blasting basic parameters and based on an electronic detonator equispaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory;
secondly, calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
the hole distribution form is that holes are distributed according to an isosceles triangle, and the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m is 1.2 in consideration of the fact that the blank face condition of the side face of the blast hole is not consistent with the front blank face condition.
Therefore, the values of the row distances a and b between the blast holes can be calculated:
Figure BDA0002673124620000083
thirdly, calculating the delay time delta t between holes according to row-by-row explosion initiationsAnd inter-bank delay time Δ tr(ii) a Wherein the inter-hole delay time DeltatsCalculated as follows:
Δts＝ksTsijSij＝0.7×1.0ms/m×6.6m＝5.28ms
in the above formula, ksIn order to consider the correction coefficient of the delay time between holes of the rock wave impedance characteristic, 0.7 is taken in the case; t issijThe delay time of the rice among the holes is 1.0 ms/m; sijThe distance between the ith-1 and ith blastholes in the jth row is 6.6m in the present case according to the previous calculation result.
Inter-bank delay time Δ trCalculated as follows:
Δtr＝krTrjBj＝1.5×3ms/m×5.5m＝24.75ms
in the above formula, krIn order to consider the inter-row delay time correction coefficient of the rock wave impedance characteristic, 1.5 is taken in the case; t isrjIn order to prolong the rice delay time between rows, the value of the example is 3.0 ms/m; b isjThe distance between the j-th row and the j-1 st row of blast holes is 5.5m in the example.
Fourthly, according to the row-by-row explosion, calculating the total network delay time:
Figure BDA0002673124620000091
and fifthly, calculating the delay time between the oblique holes according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation:
Figure BDA0002673124620000092
for the convenience of field registration and networking, the inter-hole delay time is calculated by taking an integer, so that the inter-hole delay time is an oblique inter-hole delay time Δ T of 6ms in this case.
And sixthly, numbering all blast holes in sequence according to the detonation sequence, and calculating the detonation time of each blast hole from outside to inside, wherein the delay time of the kth detonation blast hole is as follows:
tk＝(k-1)×6ms
calculated by substituting to obtain t1＝0ms，t2＝6ms，t3＝12ms，t4＝18ms，……，t54＝318ms。
And seventhly, drawing a detonation network diagram according to the design, and checking the diagram as shown in figure 4.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (3)

1. A blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining the density coefficient and the hole distribution form of the blast hole: determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form based on an equi-spaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory of the electronic detonators according to field explosion basic parameters;
s2, determining the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes: calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
s3, determining the delay time delta t between holessAnd inter-bank delay time Δ tr: according to the row-by-row blasting mode, according to the determined blast hole spacing a and row spacing b, calculating the delay time delta t between holessAnd inter-bank delay time Δ tr；
S4, calculating the total delay time: calculating the total delay time T of the detonation network according to the row-by-row detonation mode by the following formulat：
Figure FDA0002673124610000011
Wherein i is 1 to n; j is 1-m, n is the number of blast holes in each row, and m is the number of rows of blast holes;
s5, determining the delay time delta T between the oblique holes: according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation, calculating the delay time delta T between oblique holes according to the hole arrangement form of the blast holes, the distance a between the blast holes and the row distance b and according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002673124610000012
in the formula, N is the total number of blast holes, and N is more than 1;
and S6, numbering blast holes and calculating the detonation time in sequence: numbering all blast holes according to the initiation sequence from 1 to N in sequence, and calculating the initiation time of each blast hole according to the following formula from outside to inside in sequence, wherein the initiation time t of the kth blast holekCalculated as follows:
Figure FDA0002673124610000013
s7, drawing a detonating network diagram and checking: and drawing a detonation network diagram according to the calculated detonation time of each blast hole, and checking.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the optimal apparent hole-density coefficient m is 1.15 to 1.30; the most reasonable blast hole distribution form is an isosceles triangle; and in step S2, the hole pitch a and the row pitch b are calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0002673124610000021
Figure FDA0002673124610000022
in the above calculation formula, S is the blast hole burden area in m2And m is the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the delay time Δ t is used between holessThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δts＝ksTsijSij；
for calculating inter-bank delay time DeltatrThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δtr＝krTrjBj
in the above calculation formula, i is the hole site number of the row where the blast holes of 1-n are located; j is the number of the row where the blast holes of 1-m are located, and n and m are both natural numbers; k is a radical ofsThe correction coefficient of delay time between holes is considered for the impedance characteristic of rock wave; t issijThe delay time is the delay time between holes in a meter extension way, and the unit is ms/m; sijThe distance between the ith-1 blast hole and the ith blast hole in the jth row is expressed in m.
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CN114577386A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-06-03 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 Method and system for testing true shock wave load borne by electronic detonator in blast hole
CN114623740A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-06-14 广西中爆电子科技有限公司 Blasting method for protecting side slope by electronic detonator delay time
CN115060127A (en) * 2022-06-10 2022-09-16 大昌建设集团有限公司 Blasting method and system for equidistantly-distributed hole steps, storage medium and intelligent terminal
CN116182655A (en) * 2023-02-16 2023-05-30 广西国方建设工程有限责任公司 Method for improving rock breaking effect by setting delay of electronic detonator

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