CN112035989B - Blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators - Google Patents
Blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators, which comprises the steps of determining an optimal apparent blast hole dense coefficient and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form according to field blasting basic parameters, and calculating an optimal blast hole distance a and a row spacing b; calculating the delay time delta t between holes according to row-by-row explosion initiation s Inter-bank delay time Δ t r And total delay time T of detonating network t (ii) a Calculating delay time delta T between inclined holes according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time of row-by-row detonation; numbering all blast holes in sequence according to the detonation sequence, and calculating the detonation time t of each blast hole from outside to inside in sequence k (ii) a And drawing a detonation network diagram and checking according to the actual detonation time of the blast hole. The invention can effectively avoid the phenomenon of channeling sections and channeling rows in the blasting network, so that the blasting energy in the whole blasting area is distributed uniformly in time and space, the defects of empirical formulas are made up, and the programming and the embedding of an electronic detonator registration system are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting parameter design technology, in particular to a blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators.
Background
With the continuous development of the basic construction of China, the engineering blasting technology is more and more widely applied, and the requirement on the blasting technology is higher and higher. Whether the blasting parameters are reasonable or not can greatly influence the blasting effect. Under the condition of electronic initiation, the blasting design relates to a plurality of parameters, wherein delay parameters and hole distribution modes have obvious influence on the blasting effect and the utilization of the blasting energy.
With the continuous development and improvement of blasting equipment, the electronic detonator is successfully developed and applied to engineering blasting practice. At present, the error of a common electronic detonator is controlled to be less than 1ms, and the electronic detonator has obvious advantages in two aspects of crushing optimization and vibration control besides the advantages of safety control and flexible field delay design. The early stage is limited by the delay precision of the detonator, and the values of the delay of the long meter are generally larger by students. With the high-speed development of the electronic detonator initiation technology, the advantage of short delay in blasting is more and more emphasized, and the short delay becomes a development trend in the blasting delay parameter design of the electronic detonator. The uniformity of the resistance line at the moment of blasting hole initiation is closely related to the arrangement pattern of the blasting holes, and the direction and the range of the blasting funnel after the blasting holes are initiated are closely related to the free noodle pieces at the moment of blasting hole initiation. The influence of blast hole arrangement on energy spatial distribution and macroscopic overall delay time distribution. According to the theory of the blasting funnel, if the difference of the explosibility of the rock mass in different directions is ignored, the more uniform the actual resistance lines in different directions in the blasting action range of each blast hole in the blasting area are, the more uniform the distribution of blasting energy is, the better the blasting rock-breaking effect is, and the higher the energy utilization rate of the explosive is.
The existing electronic detonator blasting design basically continues to use the traditional design method of the nonel detonator, and has a plurality of defects, and based on the defects, a scientific and reasonable blasting design method is to be provided for the electronic detonator so as to realize the balanced distribution of the blasting energy, improve the blasting effect and control the hazard effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blasting design method based on the equispaced short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators aiming at the defect that an empirical formula is still adopted to calculate blasting parameters in the existing blasting design.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a blast hole density coefficient and a hole distribution form: determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form based on an equi-spaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory of the electronic detonators according to field explosion basic parameters;
s2, determining the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes: calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
s3, determining the delay time delta t between holes s And inter-bank delay time Δ t r : according to the row-by-row blasting mode, according to the determined blast hole spacing a and row spacing b, calculating the delay time delta t between holes s And inter-bank deferral time Δ t r ；
S4, calculating the total delay time: calculating the total delay time T of the detonation network according to the row-by-row detonation mode by the following formula t ：
Wherein i =1 to n; j = 1-m, n is the number of blast holes in each row, and m is the number of rows of blast holes;
s5, determining the delay time delta T between the oblique holes: according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation, calculating the delay time delta T between oblique holes according to the hole arrangement form of the blast holes, the distance a between the blast holes and the row distance b according to the following formula:
in the formula, N is the total number of blast holes, and N is more than 1;
s6, numbering blast holes and calculating detonation time in sequence: numbering all blast holes according to the initiation sequence from 1 to N in sequence, and calculating the initiation time of each blast hole according to the following formula from outside to inside in sequence, wherein the initiation time t of the kth blast hole k Calculated as follows:
s7, drawing a detonating network diagram and checking: and drawing a detonation network diagram according to the calculated detonation time of each blast hole, and checking.
By adopting the scheme, the invention is designed based on the energy balanced distribution theory of the electronic detonators with equal intervals and short time delay, so that the channeling sections and channeling rows in the blasting network are effectively avoided, the triangular oblique line hole-by-hole blasting is combined, and the uniform distribution of the blasting hole blasting time difference in the whole blasting network is realized, so that the balanced distribution of the blasting energy in the whole blasting area on time and space is realized, and the programming and the embedding of an electronic detonator registration system are facilitated.
In the step of determining the hole density coefficient and the hole distribution form, the blasting unit consumption requirement is kept unchanged due to the common blasting unit consumption requirement, namely the hole burden area is constant, namely a × b = S = constant, namely a × b equals to a constant.
The blasting energy distribution and the distribution of the blast hole detonation instant resistance lines are in important relation, and the energy distribution uniformity index UE is defined as:
U E ＝1-(W max -W min )/W avg ；
in the formula, wmax is the maximum value of the three directional resistance lines, W max ＝Max{W 1 ，W 2 ，W 3 }; wmin is the minimum of the three directional resistance lines, W min ＝Max{W 1 ，W 2 ，W 3 }; wavg is the average of the three directional lines of resistance, W avg ＝(W 1 +W 2 +W 3 )/3。
Calculating to obtain an energy distribution uniformity index when the isosceles triangle is provided with holes:
in the formula, m is an apparent blast hole density coefficient, m = a/b, and m is more than or equal to 1. When m =1.15, there is a limit value of 1 for the uniformity index, i.e. the most uniform distribution of the blast energy in the form of a regular triangular hole pattern when initiating hole by hole. Meanwhile, considering that the blank face condition of the side surface of the blast hole is not actually consistent with the front blank face condition, the value range of the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m can be between 1.15 and 1.30; and further calculating the values of the row distances a and b between the blast holes, and calculating according to the following formula:
in the above calculation formula, S is the blast hole burden area in m 2 And m is the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient.
In step S3, for an inter-hole lag time Δ t s The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δt s ＝k s T sij S ij ；
for calculating inter-bank delay time Deltat r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δt r ＝k r T rj B j ；
in the above calculation formula, i is the hole site number of the row in which the blast holes of 1-n are located; j is the number of the row where the blast holes of 1-m are located, and n and m are both natural numbers; k is a radical of s The correction coefficient of delay time between holes is considered for the impedance characteristic of rock wave; t is sij The delay time is the delay time between holes in a meter extension way, and the unit is ms/m; s ij The unit m is the distance between the ith-1 blast hole and the ith blast hole in the jth row; k is a radical of r The modification coefficient of inter-row delay time is considered in the rock wave impedance characteristic; t is rj Prolonging the rice delay time between rows; b is j The distance between the jth row and the jth-1 row of blast holes.
Delay time Deltat between holes s Calculation formula and inter-bank delay time Deltat r Substituting calculation formula into total network delay time T t In the calculation formula, the calculation formula for obtaining the total network delay time is as follows:
finally, the total network delay time T is set t Substituting the calculation result into the delay time delta T between the inclined holes and the detonation time T of the kth blast hole k Respectively obtaining the delay time delta T between oblique holes and the detonation time T of the kth blast hole k The calculation formula of (a) is respectively:
the blasting network has the advantages that the phenomena of channeling sections and channeling rows in the blasting network can be effectively avoided, the triangular oblique lines are combined for hole-by-hole blasting, poor uniform distribution of blasting hole blasting in the whole blasting network is realized, and accordingly the uniform distribution of the blasting energy of the whole blasting area in time and space is realized; the method has theoretical basis, makes up the defects of empirical formulas, has clear principle and is convenient for programming and embedding the electronic detonator registration system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the row-by-row initiation detonating circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the oblique detonation initiation network of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the detonation network design for a specific case in which the method of the invention is applied.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings, without thereby restricting the invention to the described embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a blast hole density coefficient and a hole distribution form: determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form based on an equi-spaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory of electronic detonators according to field explosion basic parameters;
s2, determining the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes: calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
s3, determining the delay time delta t between holes s And inter-bank delay time Δ t r : according to the row-by-row blasting mode, according to the determined blast hole spacing a and row spacing b, calculating the delay time delta t between holes s And inter-bank delay time Δ t r ；
S4, calculating the total delay time: calculating the total delay time T of the detonation network according to the row-by-row detonation mode by the following formula t ：
Wherein i =1 to n; j = 1-m, n is the number of blast holes in each row, and m is the number of rows of blast holes;
s5, determining the delay time delta T between the oblique holes: according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation, calculating the delay time delta T between oblique holes according to the hole arrangement form of the blast holes, the distance a between the blast holes and the row distance b and according to the following formula:
in the formula, N is the total number of blast holes, and N is more than 1;
s6, numbering blast holes and calculating detonation time in sequence: numbering all blast holes according to the initiation sequence from 1 to N in sequence, and calculating the initiation time of each blast hole according to the following formula from outside to inside in sequence, wherein the initiation time t of the kth blast hole k Calculated as follows:
s7, drawing a detonating network diagram and checking: and drawing a detonation network diagram according to the calculated detonation time of each blast hole, and checking.
In the step of determining the hole density coefficient and the hole distribution form, the unit blasting consumption requirement is kept unchanged, namely the hole burden area is constant, namely a × b = S = constant.
Calculating to obtain an energy distribution uniformity index when the isosceles triangle is provided with holes:
in the formula, m is an apparent blast hole density coefficient, m = a/b, and m is more than or equal to 1. When m =1.15, there is a limit value of 1 for the uniformity index, i.e. the most uniform distribution of the blast energy in the form of a regular triangular hole pattern when initiating hole by hole. Meanwhile, considering that the empty face condition of the side face of the blast hole is not actually consistent with the empty face condition of the front edge, the value range of the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m can be between 1.15 and 1.30; and further calculating the values of the row distances a and b between the blast holes, and calculating according to the following formula:
in the above calculation formula, S is the blast hole burden area in m 2 And m is the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient.
In step S3, for an inter-hole lag time Δ t s The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δt s ＝k s T sij S ij ；
for calculating inter-bank delay time Deltat r The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δt r ＝k r T rj B j ；
in the above calculation formula, i is the hole site number of the row where the blast holes of 1-n are located; j is the number of the row where the blast holes of 1-m are located, and n and m are both natural numbers; k is a radical of s The correction coefficient of delay time between holes is considered for the impedance characteristic of rock wave; t is a unit of sij The unit is the inter-hole delay time of rice extension and delay time of ms/m; s ij The distance between the ith-1 blast hole and the ith blast hole in the jth row is expressed in the unit of m; k is a radical of r The modification coefficient of inter-row delay time is considered in the rock wave impedance characteristic; t is rj Prolonging the rice delay time between rows; b is j The distance between the jth row and the jth-1 row of blast holes.
Delay time Deltat between holes s Calculation formula and inter-bank delay time Deltat r Substituting calculation formula into total network delay time T t In the calculation formula, the calculation formula for obtaining the total network delay time is as follows:
finally, the total network delay time T is set t Substituting the calculation result into the delay time delta T between the oblique holes and the detonation time T of the kth blast hole k Respectively obtaining the slant anglesDelay time delta T between holes and detonation time T of kth blast hole k The calculation formula of (a) is respectively:
referring to fig. 1-3 in combination with fig. 4, when blasting mining is performed in a large-scale surface mine, an electronic detonator is used for initiation, and the burden area of a blast hole is 36m 2 ±0.5m 2 And the total number of the blast holes is four rows, and the blast hole network parameters and the initiation network are designed according to the method, wherein the total number of the blast holes is 54. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form according to field blasting basic parameters and based on an electronic detonator equispaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory;
secondly, calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
the hole distribution form is that holes are distributed according to an isosceles triangle, and the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m is 1.2 in consideration of the fact that the blank face condition of the side face of the blast hole is not consistent with the front blank face condition.
Thus, the values of the row spacing a and b between the blast holes can be calculated:
thirdly, calculating the delay time delta t between holes according to row-by-row explosion initiation s And inter-bank delay time Δ t r (ii) a Wherein the inter-hole delay time Deltat s Calculated as follows:
Δt s ＝k s T sij S ij ＝0.7×1.0ms/m×6.6m＝5.28ms；
in the above formula, k s In order to consider the correction coefficient of the delay time between holes of the rock wave impedance characteristic, 0.7 is taken in the case; t is sij The delay time of prolonging the rice among the holes is 1.0ms/m; s ij The distance between the ith-1 and ith blastholes in the jth row is 6.6m in the present case according to the previous calculation result.
Inter-bank delay time Δ t r Calculated as follows:
Δt r ＝k r T rj B j ＝1.5×3ms/m×5.5m＝24.75ms；
in the above formula, k r In order to consider the inter-row delay time correction coefficient of the rock wave impedance characteristic, 1.5 is taken in the case; t is rj In order to prolong the rice delay time between rows, the value of the scheme is 3.0ms/m; b is j The distance between the j-th row and the j-1 st row of blast holes is 5.5m in the example.
Fourthly, according to the row-by-row explosion, calculating the total network delay time:
and fifthly, calculating the delay time between the inclined holes according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation:
for the convenience of field registration networking, the inter-hole delay time is calculated by taking an integer, so that the oblique inter-hole delay time in this case is Δ T =6ms.
And sixthly, numbering all blast holes in sequence according to the detonation sequence, and calculating the detonation time of each blast hole from outside to inside, wherein the delay time of the kth detonation blast hole is as follows:
t k ＝(k-1)×6ms；
calculated by substituting to obtain t 1 ＝0ms，t 2 ＝6ms，t 3 ＝12ms，t 4 ＝18ms，……，t 54 ＝318ms。
And seventhly, drawing a detonation network diagram according to the design, and checking the diagram as shown in figure 4.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A blasting design method based on equal-interval short-delay energy balanced distribution of electronic detonators is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining a blast hole density coefficient and a hole distribution form: determining an optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and a most reasonable blast hole distribution form based on an equi-spaced short-delay explosion energy balanced distribution theory of electronic detonators according to field explosion basic parameters;
s2, determining the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes: calculating the distance a and the row pitch b of the blast holes according to the obtained optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient m and the most reasonable blast hole distribution form;
s3, determining the delay time delta t between holes s And inter-bank delay time Δ t r : according to the row-by-row blasting mode, according to the determined blast hole spacing a and row spacing b, calculating the delay time delta t between holes s And inter-bank delay time Δ t r ；
S4, calculating the total delay time: calculating the total delay time T of the detonation network according to the row-by-row detonation mode by the following formula t ：
Wherein i =1 to n; j = 1-m, n is the number of blast holes in each row, and m is the number of rows of blast holes;
s5, determining the delay time delta T between the inclined holes: according to the principle that the total delay time during oblique line detonation is equal to the total delay time during row-by-row detonation, calculating the delay time delta T between oblique holes according to the hole arrangement form of the blast holes, the distance a between the blast holes and the row distance b and according to the following formula:
in the formula, N is the total number of blast holes, and N is more than 1;
s6, numbering blast holes and calculating detonation time in sequence: numbering all blast holes according to the initiation sequence from 1 to N in sequence, and calculating the initiation time of each blast hole according to the following formula from outside to inside in sequence, wherein the initiation time t of the kth blast hole k Calculated as follows:
s7, drawing a detonating network diagram and checking: drawing a detonation network diagram according to the calculated detonation time of each blast hole, and checking;
wherein, in step S1, the optimal apparent hole-density coefficient m =1.15 to 1.30; the most reasonable blast hole distribution form is an isosceles triangle; and in step S2, the pitch a and the row pitch b of the blast holes are calculated according to the following formulas:
in the above calculation formula, S is the blast hole burden area in m 2 And m is the optimal apparent blast hole density coefficient.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of removing the metal oxide is performed in a batch processIn step S3, for the inter-hole delay time Deltat s The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Δt s ＝k s T sij S ij ；
for calculating inter-row postponing times Δ t r The calculation formula of (c) is:
Δt r ＝k r T rj B j ；
in the above calculation formula, i is the hole site number of the row in which the blast holes of 1-n are located; j is the number of the row of the blast holes of 1-m, and n and m are natural numbers; k is a radical of s The correction coefficient of delay time between holes is considered for the impedance characteristic of rock wave; t is sij The delay time is the delay time between holes in a meter extension way, and the unit is ms/m; s ij The distance between the ith-1 blast hole and the ith blast hole in the jth row is expressed in the unit of m; k is a radical of r The modification coefficient of inter-row delay time is considered in the rock wave impedance characteristic; t is a unit of rj Prolonging the rice delay time among rows; b is j The distance between the jth row and the jth-1 row of blast holes.
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| CN114295020B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-03-21 | 北京伊拜科技有限责任公司 | Wireless detonator detonation control system |
| CN114623740A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-06-14 | 广西中爆电子科技有限公司 | Blasting method for protecting side slope by electronic detonator delay time |
| CN115060127B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-02-20 | 大昌建设集团有限公司 | Equidistant hole distribution step blasting method, equidistant hole distribution step blasting system, storage medium and intelligent terminal |
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