CN107270792A - Blasting technology below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers - Google Patents
Blasting technology below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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Abstract
The invention discloses blasting technology below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers.Comprise the following steps：A, the blasting vibration safety control standed for determining 500kV high voltage transmission line towers；B, determine blasting method：Blasting Excavation area contour line delimited, the blasting method of different zones is determined；C, determine blasting vibration attenuation parameter：Blasting vibration attenuation parameter is determined according to rock-mass quality and architectural feature；D, determine maximum single blow blasting charge：Determined according to high voltage transmission line tower blasting vibration safety control standed in itself and high voltage transmission line tower base concrete, the blasting vibration control standard of high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section and blasting vibration attenuation parameter different explosion types and the different quick-fried hearts away from maximum single blow blasting charge；E, controlled blasting parameter；F, determine detonation mode；G, burst region carry out security protection.The present invention has safe and reliable and can reduce the characteristics of blasting vibration influences on high voltage transmission line tower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind, particularly a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers lower section blasting technology.
Background technology
Anhui Jinzhai County pumping energy storage power station project, which is in hilly country, process of construction, can use Blasting Excavation.Power station
Burst region is closer to the distance with ultra-high-tension power transmission line, and the vibration produced is excavated in work progress borehole blasting and slungshot can be to neighbouring
Transmission line of electricity and column foot constitute a threat to.Because high voltage power transmission transmission tower is not an isolated structures, it be by wire, steel tower,
One spatial architecture of the compositions such as column foot, mutually constrains respective deformation.Blasting Excavation may be to high voltage transmission line tower
Sedimentation and top skew produce influence, so as to cause the stressing conditions of steel tower to change, when the maximum stress of steel tower exceedes
During the strength failure criterion of steel, steel tower is just destroyed.Electric power pylon column foot is nearer apart from blast source, can be by stronger quick-fried
Broken energetic disturbance, and the usual casting concrete of electric power pylon column foot foundation, for Q345 steel, concrete it is strong
Degree is much lower, and intensity in concrete and the bonding part of steel tower steel is very low is also also easy to produce stress concentration, while blast should
Reeb, which is propagated to, is now also easy to produce tension ripple, and these can significantly influence the safety of electric power pylon column foot.Because high pressure is defeated
The quantities of electric line migration is huge, in the case where that can not migrate electric power pylon, and being badly in need of research one kind can reduce to steel tower
The blasting digging method of destruction.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide blasting technology below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers.The present invention has safety can
Lean on and the characteristics of blasting vibration influences on high voltage transmission line tower can be reduced.
Technical scheme：Blasting technology below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers, comprises the following steps：
A, the blasting vibration safety control standed for determining 500kV high voltage transmission line towers：Comprise the following steps：
A1, determine high voltage transmission line tower Deformation control threshold value；
A2, determine the blasting vibration control standard of high voltage transmission line tower in itself：The blasting vibration security control of high voltage transmission line tower in itself
Standard is 17-19cm/s；
A3, the blasting vibration control standard for determining high voltage transmission line tower base concrete and high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section：High pressure
The blasting vibration control standard of transmission tower base concrete and high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section is 4-6cm/s；
B, determine blasting method：Blasting Excavation area contour line delimited, the blasting method of different zones is determined；
C, determine blasting vibration attenuation parameter：Blasting vibration attenuation parameter is determined according to rock-mass quality and architectural feature；
D, determine maximum single blow blasting charge：According to the blasting vibration safety control standed and high voltage transmission line tower of high voltage transmission line tower in itself
Base concrete, the blasting vibration control standard of high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section and blasting vibration attenuation parameter are determined not
With explosion type and the different quick-fried hearts away from maximum single blow blasting charge；
E, controlled blasting parameter；The distance between cutting depth, burst region and high voltage transmission line tower according to burst region with
And explosion type carrys out controlled blasting parameter；
F, determine detonation mode：Using msdelayed light emission detonation mode, carry out by row or trapezoidal detonation；
G, burst region carry out security protection.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, the explosion of different zones in the step B
Mode is：Entirety is by the way of subregion, layering explosion；3m uses medium-length hole blasting with top bar, and 3m uses shallow to get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation
Hole explosion；Side slope profile position uses presplit blasting or photoface exploision, closes on profile position and uses buffer shooting.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, the blasthole diameter of described medium-length hole blasting
For 79-105mm；The blasthole diameter of the shallow blasting is 40-44mm.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, the blasting parameter bag in described step E
Include the length of Hole pattern parameters, hole depth, explosive specific charge, single hole explosive payload, charge constitution and the multiple-row blasting material of blasthole.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, described charge constitution is Uncoincided charge
Structure.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, it is intensive that described Hole pattern parameters include blasthole
Coefficient, pitch-row and array pitch；Described blasthole close coefficient is more than 1；Described blasthole using big pitch-row float away from cloth hole side
Formula, the ratio between the pitch-row and array pitch of blasthole is 1.5-2.5；The array pitch that the blasthole is longitudinally excavated is less than to high-voltage line side
To resistance line length.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, the length of described multiple-row blasting material is 1-
1.2 times of minimum resistance line length；Described multiple-row blasting material is clay.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, during millisecond time in described step F
Between be 15ms-100ms.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, the security protection in the step G includes
Blasting flyrock protection, the protection of explosion Rolling Stone, air-shock wave protection and the protection of Property of Blasting Noise.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, the step F uses nonel tube.
Below a kind of foregoing 500kV high voltage transmission line towers in Blasting Excavation technique, it is additionally provided with blasting vibration and monitors in real time and be
System.
Compared with prior art, the dynamic response feature of the invention by analyzing high voltage transmission line tower, determines 500kV high-voltage lines
The zone of reasonableness value of the blasting vibration safety control standed of tower, then joins according to blasting vibration safety control standed to explosion
Number, the maximum single blow blasting charge of explosion are controlled accordingly, and shadow of the blasting vibration to high voltage transmission line tower can be reduced to greatest extent
Ring, it is safe and reliable.Detonate, carried out by row or trapezoidal detonation by using msdelayed light emission, can be with the mobile throwing after controlled blasting
Direction is thrown, control of flyrock avoids the direction of high-voltage line, while broken quality can also be improved, boulder yield is reduced, beneficial to follow-up
Artificial scarfing cinder work；It is overall to use subregion, layering explosion, the fine explosion that medium-length hole blasting and shallow blasting are used cooperatively
Scheme, side slope profile position uses presplit blasting or photoface exploision, and the position for closing on profile uses buffer shooting；Can be more preferable
Controlled blasting precision, reduce explosion vibration.By carrying out security protection in burst region, explosion can be reduced to week
Build the influence with resident in side.In summary, the present invention has safe and reliable and can reduce blasting vibration to high voltage transmission line tower
The characteristics of influence.
By controlling the array pitch that blasthole is longitudinally excavated to be less than the burden to high-voltage line direction in cloth hole, so that it is guaranteed that
Rock is loosened without dispersing.By in blasthole stemming length be 1-1.2 times of minimum resistance line length plugging material, can
Ensure that blasting flyrock will not be gone out from aperture position.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not intended as to the foundation of the invention limited.
Embodiment.Blasting technology below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers, comprises the following steps：
A, the blasting vibration safety control standed for determining 500kV high voltage transmission line towers：Comprise the following steps：
A1, determine high voltage transmission line tower Deformation control threshold value；
A2, determine the blasting vibration control standard of high voltage transmission line tower in itself：The blasting vibration security control of high voltage transmission line tower in itself
Standard is 17-19cm/s；
A3, the blasting vibration control standard for determining high voltage transmission line tower base concrete and high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section：High pressure
The blasting vibration control standard of transmission tower base concrete and high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section is 4-6cm/s；
B, determine blasting method：Blasting Excavation area contour line delimited, the blasting method of different zones is determined；
Presplitting, light are quick-fried identical with buffering blasthole diameter；The difference of medium-length hole and shallow blasting is aperture and hole depth, one
As blasthole diameter be less than 50mm, depth is less than 5.0m and is referred to as shallow blasting, and blasthole diameter is more than 76mm, depth more than 5.0m into
For medium-length hole blasting.
The design parameter of presplit blasting and photoface exploision is essentially identical, and difference is that the detonation in relative side slope Zhu Bao areas is suitable
Sequence, presplit blasting is some row peripheries blasthole for detonating in advance of forward position design profile line in slope excavating Shi Zhubao area's detonations,
Photoface exploision is then some row peripheries blasthole finally detonated along design profile line after side slope Zhu Bao areas all detonation.It is slow
Burst brokenly and be more common in extensive medium-length hole blasting, pack in hole is weakened to 0.5-0.8 times of main blast hole dose, while using subtracting
The measures such as few single hop connection hole count, to avoid damage of the explosion to reservation rock mass within design profile line.
Explosive specific charge refers to broken per m3The quality of explosive needed for rock, unit is usually kg/m3, rock is harder, institute
Need explosive specific charge often bigger.
In engineering explosion, generally by the beeline of pack center or center of gravity to the nearest scope of freedom, referred to as minimum resistance
Line, typically conventional W is represented.
C, determine blasting vibration attenuation parameter：Blasting vibration attenuation parameter is determined according to rock-mass quality and architectural feature；Such as
Shown in table 1.
The construction area explosion attenuation parameter of table 1.
| Explosion type | K | α |
| Presplit blasting | 100 | 1.2 |
| Deep hole bench balsting | 80 | 1.2 |
| Shallow blasting | 60 | 1.5 |
D, determine maximum single blow blasting charge：According to the blasting vibration safety control standed and high voltage transmission line tower of high voltage transmission line tower in itself
Base concrete, the blasting vibration control standard of high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section and blasting vibration attenuation parameter are determined not
With explosion type and the different quick-fried hearts away from maximum single blow blasting charge；As shown in table 2.1,2.2 and 2.3.
The maximum single blow blasting charge of the presplit blasting of table 2.1
The maximum single blow blasting charge of the medium-length hole blasting of table 2.2
The maximum single blow blasting charge of the shallow blasting of table 2.3
E, controlled blasting parameter；The distance between cutting depth, burst region and high voltage transmission line tower according to burst region with
And explosion type carrys out controlled blasting parameter；
F, determine detonation mode：Using msdelayed light emission detonation mode, carry out by row or trapezoidal detonation；
G, burst region carry out security protection.
The blasting method of different zones is in the step B：Entirety is by the way of subregion, layering explosion；3m is to appear on the stage
Rank uses medium-length hole blasting, and 3m uses shallow blasting to get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation；Side slope profile position uses presplit blasting or photoface exploision,
Close on profile position and use buffer shooting.
The blasthole diameter of described medium-length hole blasting is 79-105mm；The blasthole diameter of the shallow blasting is 40-
44mm。
Blasting parameter in described step E include the Hole pattern parameters of blasthole, hole depth, explosive specific charge, single hole explosive payload,
The length of charge constitution and multiple-row blasting material.
Described charge constitution is decoupling charge structure.
Described Hole pattern parameters include blasthole close coefficient, pitch-row and array pitch；Described blasthole close coefficient is more than 1；Institute
The blasthole stated using big pitch-row float away from pattern, ratio between the pitch-row and array pitch of blasthole is 1.5-2.5.
The array pitch that the blasthole is longitudinally excavated is less than the resistance line length to high-voltage line direction.Described multiple-row blasting material
Length be 1-1.2 times of minimum burden；Described multiple-row blasting material is clay.During millisecond time in described step F
Between be 15ms-100ms.Security protection in the step G includes blasting flyrock protection, the protection of explosion Rolling Stone, air-shock wave
Protection and the protection of Property of Blasting Noise.The step F uses nonel tube.
The step A needs first to analyze the Dynamic response characteristic under the influence of blasting vibration, and Dynamic response characteristic includes
Under the influence of blasting vibration under the influence of the stress distribution feature and blasting vibration of high voltage transmission line tower high voltage transmission line tower vibration distribution feature.
Determine influence degree of the blasting vibration to high voltage transmission line tower different zones：According to power of the high voltage transmission line tower under the influence of blasting vibration
Response characteristic analysis draws the column foot and tower top that the impacted maximum region of high voltage transmission line tower is high voltage transmission line tower.
Therefore, the present invention is settled and tilted carry out numerical simulation using ANSYS LS-DYNA to it, with steel tower
Maximum stress reaches that the strength failure criterion of steel is the safe decision criteria of steel tower, it is considered to safe margin, chooses smaller value as defeated
The deformation controlling standards of ferroelectric tower.
Electric power pylon is carried out suitably to simplify, according to steel tower as this feature of flexible space structure, in calculating process
In, steel tower is reduced to beam purlin mixed model, i.e.,：1. four main materials of electric power pylon are reduced to beam element, oblique material and auxiliary material
Bar unit is simplified to Deng whole；2. the node of frame of assuming to spread out is hinged to be smooth；3. assume that beam element connects with bar unit to be fixed
Connect；4. external force is all acted on node.The geometrical construction of iron tower model closely, is only carried out with practical structures locally
Simplify.The material for considering electric power pylon is bilinearity moving model (the * MAT_ in Q345, selection ANSYS LS-DYNA
PLASTIC_KINEMATIC) electric power pylon is calculated, rock mass constitutive relation is simulated using elastic-plastic model.Calculate
Middle use LS-DYNA's restarts technology, by applying continuing to increase and tentative calculation for deformation, to obtain electric power pylon stress
With column foot sedimentation and the inclined relation of tower body, when the stress in tower exceed its intensity level when, corresponding deformation be defined as it is defeated
The Deformation control threshold value of ferroelectric tower.
It can draw, when one of column foot is settled, the maximum tension stress in tower gradually increases, its rule
Nearly close to linear increase, the connection constraints reason between deadweight and beam and bar due to tower body, in transmission tower model
Maximum primary stress is close to 110MPa, and when settling amount is 70mm or so, the maximum tension stress of steel tower reaches Q345 design
Intensity level 295MPa.Therefore determine that column foot allows settling amount to be 70mm by calculating, design and advise compared to building foundation
On 400mm as defined in the foundation's settlement of tall and slender structure in model (GB 50007-2002), more tend to be conservative, from safety control
Controlling angle is advantageously.Therefore the secure threshold of column foot sedimentation amount is defined as 70mm.Column foot tilts the sedimentation for referring to adjacent column foot
The poor ratio with the distance between adjacent column foot center, can be by the displacement of calculating by working out related FORTRAN routine
Information is scaled column foot tilt quantity.Result of calculation shows that, with the increase of column foot tilt quantity, the maximum tension stress of tower body is gradually
Increase, similar to the settling amount of column foot, the tilt quantity of column foot and the relation of maximum tension stress are close to the linear pass of monotonic increase
System.
The Dynamic response characteristic of high voltage transmission line tower under the influence of blasting vibration：
Model generalization and computational methods
The explosion of high voltage transmission line tower under Numerical Simulation Analysis method based on LS-DYNA dynamic finite elements, research blasting condition
Dynamic response and blasting vibration safety control standed.Electric power pylon still uses above-mentioned Three-dimensional CAD, and basement rock is adopted with steel tower
With fixed contact, with reference to imperial political affairs line and the locus of suitable magnificent line and construction area, highway sideline and imperial political affairs transmission tower base minimum range
For 24.5m, in a model arrange blast hole at column foot 20m, hole depth 7m, blasthole diameter 90mm, charge diameter 70mm,
Model bottom applies Normal Constraint, and surrounding applies zero recoil fraction and simulates unlimited rock mass.The geological condition disclosed according to scene,
Region is excavated more based on coating and strongly weathered sand-rock, rock mass, coagulation soil borne pathogens use ideal elastoplastic model,
Bonding using consolidation style simulation between concrete and steel.
The stress distribution feature of high voltage transmission line tower under the influence of blasting vibration：
Implement explosion near high-voltage line column foot, will be passed when Explosion stress wave propagates to electric power pylon bottom from rock mass
Enter in steel tower, and produce the dynamic response of series, after explosive initiation, the pressure of electric power pylon experienced after a first increase
The process of reduction, it is clear that the energetic disturbance process of one flash of experience, reaches peak value in 20ms or so, is declined in 70ms or so
Depreciation initial level.Show to implement explosion near high voltage transmission line tower, electric power pylon experienced the duration very in the process
Short impulse action.Electric power pylon is combined by beam element and bar unit and simulated in the calculating of this project, for rod member
Say, axle power is an important mechanical index, therefore have chosen the axle power of electric power pylon diverse location and be tracked and contrast.
Respectively in the middle part of column foot, tower body and three location arrangements test points such as tower top.By preprocessor, it can check after calculating
The Axial Force Calculating result of beam element and bar unit.In 20ms or so, the axle power of rod member reaches peak value, although after not
With in the period, still there are multiple crests, but compared to first crest, the peak value very little of these crests, its Producing reason
It is due to the complicated of electric power pylon, stress wave produces the secondary stress wave of reflection in different parts, and these stress waves are repeatedly
Superposition, therefore the situation for having many small crests after a main body crest is formd, this meets reason.Using same side
The peak value of method tracking tower body midpoint and tower top, the first angle from peak value, column foot and tower top is closer to, and result of calculation shows
Show in 160MPa or so, and in the middle part of tower body, the value of axle power is only in 65MPa or so, and the loading characteristic of high voltage transmission line tower is two
End is big, middle small feature, and wherein reason can be from explained below：For column foot, it is apart from the nearest blasting vibration in quick-fried source
The degree of decay is minimum, therefore the axle power obvious column foot of distribution presentation and tower top of the axle power peak value rod member at this are larger, and tower
Less feature in the middle part of body.For the composition of tower shell material and physical dimension selected in this calculating, the stress in the middle part of tower body is about
For the half of column foot, and the axle power of tower top is then slightly larger than the stress of bottom of towe.Because column foot is different with the constraints of tower top, two
The mechanical mechanism that person produces larger axle power is significantly different, therefore under the influence of blasting vibration, the axle power distribution of electric power pylon is not
Symmetrical situation is presented.It is distributed and is shown according to axle power, high voltage transmission line tower larger axle power position occurs respectively in column foot and tower top, because
This should be noted the Security checking of blasting to the position in construction, and the determination of blasting vibration safety control standed should also focus on
With the two positions.
The vibration distribution feature of high voltage transmission line tower under the influence of blasting vibration
Several characteristic points are selected to carry out the tracking of vibratory response in calculating, respectively in electric power pylon column foot, tower body
Point and steel tower summit.Because electric power pylon is embedded in basement rock, it is considered to the difference that blasting vibration is propagated in rock mass and steel
It is different, and when determining explosion maximum single blow blasting charge according to blasting vibration safety control standed, the explosion being based in rock mass is shaken
Dynamic attenuation law, therefore the blasting vibration response of the concrete contacted with steel tower and steel tower beam element, tower are compared first
The blasting vibration curve of Rock and column foot beam element is basically identical, vibrates the rule that changes with time identical.But quick-fried
Certain difference is still suffered from terms of broken vibration peak, such as in 8ms or so, the blasting vibration peak of column foot rock mass is 16.1cm/s,
And be 10cm/s or so with the blasting vibration peak of its neighbouring beam element, show that stress wave is propagating to electric power pylon from rock mass
In the presence of certain energy expenditure during column foot, while the wave impedance of electric power pylon material is larger, also results in vibration and exist significantly
Decay this result.Due to nearer apart from quick-fried source, the stress wave of column foot bottom is still very big, and Blasting Vibration Velocity is more greatly
10cm/s or so, but the peak value of Blasting Vibration Velocity is obviously reduced in the middle part of tower body, and tower top blasting vibration peak value then
There is increased trend again.In general, the distribution characteristics of electric power pylon blasting vibration and axle power distribution characteristics are non-under Blasting Excavation
Very close to maximum vibration velocity is appeared at the top of electric power pylon.Therefore from security standpoint, the influence to steel tower in itself is vibrated
Column foot may be concentrated on.
The determination of 500KV high-voltage line column foot blasting vibration safety control standeds
The determination of the blasting vibration safety control standed of high voltage transmission line tower with high voltage transmission line tower dynamic response in itself and with it is defeated
Concrete strength that ferroelectric tower column foot is bonded etc. is used as control foundation.Blasting vibration safety control standed is important in explosion
Reference significance is to determine maximum single blow blasting charge, and the determination of the index is needed according to blasting vibration safety control standed and explosion
Vibration attenuation rule, therefore the basement rock for setting up the position of blasting vibration safety control standed to be contacted with high voltage transmission line tower basis,
The interference of other factors can be excluded.
The blasting vibration control standard of electric power pylon in itself
The determination method and step of blasting vibration safety control standed are as follows：By changing quick-fried source parameter, make different answer
Electric power pylon is passed through in Reeb；Fortran programs are worked out, (settling amount inclines the deflection of calculating electric power pylon diverse location rod member
Gradient), calculate when each step is completed and search for maximum deformation quantity；By repeatedly calculating, the explosion of the basement rock contacted with column foot is set up
The corresponding relation of vibration velocity and gradient；When maximum distortion is the deformation threshold value of tower body, corresponding Blasting Vibration Velocity
It is defined as blasting vibration safety control standed.As a result show, the maximum inclination (offset) of basement rock vibration velocity and column foot
Obvious positive correlation is presented, vibration velocity is bigger, the maximum offset of electric power pylon is bigger, but the increasing of maximum offset
Long speed is gradually reduced, and the deformation of electric power pylon easily occurs in a small range, but during to certain limit, due to structural constraint
Feature, resistance to deformation ability enhancing.According to result of calculation above, the maximum inclination of electric power pylon is 0.0045, when
When peak excursion measures the value, Blasting Vibration Velocity is 21.6cm/s.
It should be noted that because the dynamic response of explosion is a dynamic response, therefore there is peak excursion in electric power pylon
The duration of amount is very short, is not moderate finite deformation persistently occur, while in a dynamic condition, the intensive parameter phase of rock mass
There are certain increase, therefore in summary both sides reason than quasistatic, the determination of blasting vibration safety control standed has necessarily
Conservative factor, from shotfiring safety control angle, be favourable.Although the result this time calculated is 21.6cm/s, then is examined
Consider 1.2 safety coefficient, it is proposed that blasting vibration safety control standed be 18cm/s.Therefore in summary result of calculation, from defeated
The security standpoint of ferroelectric tower in itself, because the intensity of steel in itself is very high, the permissible value of its blasting vibration is higher.
The blasting vibration control standard of electric power pylon base concrete and its adhesive section：
By above identical method, the different calculating parameter by changing produces different power in column foot position and disturbed
It is dynamic, based on multiple tentative calculation, obtain the corresponding relation of maximum tension stress and Blasting Vibration Velocity, it is believed that when maximum tension stress exceedes
During tensile strength at this, corresponding vibration velocity is blasting vibration safety control standed.As a result it is shown in electric power pylon base
Plinth and bonding fragment position, tension peak value and compression peak value are closer to, but due to concrete tensile strength and are resisted
The difference of Compressive Strength, therefore often pull open bad caused by Explosion stress wave in electric power pylon basis and adhesive section, crush
Bad possibility is smaller.For the safety perspective of blasting vibration control, the minimum of several object control standards should be taken
It is worth the safety control standed as blast working near high voltage transmission line tower, just can guarantee that the safety of total.Result of calculation shows
The value generally considers certain safety coefficient in 8.5cm/s or so, engineering, therefore it is respectively 1.2 Hes to give safety coefficient
Blasting vibration control standard value when 1.5, it is considered to during 2.0 safety coefficient, the blasting vibration security control of high-voltage line column foot
Standard is within 5cm/s.Blasting vibration when hereafter in the determination of explosion maximum single blow blasting charge by using safety coefficient as 1.5
Safety standard takes 5.7cm/s as reference value, control standard of vibration.
Blasting flyrock control measure：Controlled blasting slungshot direction：Resistance in the direction of the smallest line is controlled in the side of explosion step
Face；By in blasthole stemming length be 1-1.2 times of minimum resistance line length plugging material, ensure that blasting flyrock not
It can be gone out from aperture position.Plugging material is clay, is successively consolidated, it can be ensured that stemming length and blocking quality；Scarfing cinder is quick-fried
It is broken, necessary place cleaning before explosion, including surface surface dust, plant, chip ballast etc.；Blast area surface is covered, in possible bar
Under part, quick-fried area is covered to prevent slungshot, can be using protectiveness protection for important building, will be straight by protection building
Connect and covered with protective materials, plank, bamboo curtain splint, straw bag than directly overlaying quick-fried area's better protecting effect.In high-voltage line both sides
In the certain limit of region, it is necessary to take corresponding covered protection measure.Such as in the range of the 50m of high-voltage line both sides, particularly exist
Burst region immediately below high-voltage line, should be using reinforcement safeguard procedures, quick-fried area's surface cover steel plate, sandbag, steel wire；50-100m
In the range of, sandbag, steel wire should be covered on quick-fried area surface；The measures such as sandbag protection, specific protection can be taken outside 100m scopes
Measure is still needed and carries out detailed design with reference to road excavation situation.
Explosion Rolling Stone control measure：There is the barricade of certain altitude, width together in protective structure surrounding buildingses, to few
Amount Rolling Stone is stopped；A number of sandbag is finally stacked around protective structure base support, very small amount can be prevented quick-fried
Broken Rolling Stone is to needing protective structure to damage.
Blasting vibration control measure：The approach of blasting vibration control is main by using rational blasting parameter, powder charge knot
Structure, explosion firing order and burden direction, choose the suitable segment delay time, carry out the intensity of controlled blasting vibration.
Using msdelayed light emission detonating technique, if control maximum single blow blasting charge lithology and explosion place are given, it is determined that permit
Perhaps under the conditions of Peak Particle Velocity and the given quick-fried heart are away from R, control the most effectual way of Peak Particle Velocity to pass through
Using msdelayed light emission detonating technique, maximum single blow blasting charge is controlled.After being determined by the permission threshold vibration speed of protection building,
The maximum dosage of onepull can rationally be determined.
, then must blasting in groups, control onepull when designing dose more than the value and other no Measure of reducing vibration
Explosive charge.Onepull dose is divided into multistage graph problem detonation so that explosion earthquake velocity peak values are reduced to be rung maximum by single
Dose is controlled.In the case of total charge and other condition identicals, the oscillation intensity of millisecond detonating is than volley reduction
1/3-2/3, segmentation is more, drops effect of shaking better.And powder factor, it is to calculate the another of explosive charge during explosion is designed
Individual very important parameter, it has an effect on the intensity of blasting vibration in addition to playing a decisive role to ensureing demolition effect.It is excessive
Explosive specific charge, can increase blasting vibration and air-shock wave, and cause sillar excessively to move or throwing.On the contrary, explosive list
Consumption is too small, also due to the stretching wave effect that delay and reduction are returned from Reflection From Free Surface, so that blasting vibration increases.Most
Excellent explosive specific charge, will be determined by on-the-spot test and long-term practice.
More effectively to reduce blasting vibration, when detonator section is not arranged, it is contemplated that blasthole number is suitably reduced at front row, and
Heel row can suitably increase blasthole number again, can not only so make blasting vibration control in the range of requiring, and can also make explosion
Scale expands as far as possible, meets the requirement of explosion production.Reasonable selection blasthole aperture；Using decoupling charge structure.
In addition, in engineering practice, in order to prevent the vibration that main blast hole explosion induces from producing destruction to retaining rock mass, often
Cushion hole is set between Chang Zhu blast holes and outlining blasting hole (presplit blasting or photoface exploision).The bore diameter of cushion hole is same
Main blast hole is the same, but the more main blast hole reduction 30-50% of its dynamite quantity per hole.And the particle peak vibration speed that Buffer control is produced
Degree is only the 15-35% for the Peak Particle Velocity that main blast hole explosion is produced.It can be seen that, can using decoupling charge structure
Effectively reduce blasting vibration.
Reasonable selection millisecond crushing blasting：Rational millisecond crushing blasting is chosen, different intersegmental blasting vibrations can be prevented
Superposition.Explosion test result shows, when detonating delay time is more than 3T (shake phase cycle based on T), and each separate explosion vibration wave is independent
Without being superimposed.Under total dose the same terms, the vibration velocity of fragment delay interval blasting ratio volley can reduce 30-
60%, reduction degree depending on interval time, hold hair hop count, explosion type and blasting condition it is different and variant.If ignited
When the time difference is equal to T/2, best results of being shaken to drop reduce amplitude due to interfering.
Blasting parameter design is reasonable, it is ensured that explosive is evenly distributed in by quick-fried rock mass, prevents energy excessively
Concentrate, reach the purpose for reducing blasting vibration intensity.It is required that the Hole pattern parameters chosen reach following requirement：Blasthole close coefficient
To be more than 1 as far as possible；Using big pitch-row float away from pattern, make the ratio between blasthole spacing and array pitch 2 or so；Blasthole is reduced to surpass
It is deep；Blasthole aperture stemming length is reasonable, prevents aperture dose concentration；Using spaced loading in hole；When hole depth is very big, single hole
When explosive payload is more than largest segment dose, the method that can be combined using In-hole short delay with elementary errors outside hole.Can certainly be using " half
Step " blasting procedure, i.e. shoulder height reduce half, and hole depth, single hole explosive payload and maximum seismic velocity decline.
Using plastic detonating tube millisecond detonating networking, strict control single hop explosive quantity, so that it is guaranteed that shaking of producing of explosion
It is dynamic to produce destroying infection to steel tower.Simultaneously in work progress, in iron tower foundation and house foundation arrangement vibration monitoring
Point, monitored over time blasting vibration influence, with scientific evaluation explosion influence degree.
Air-shock wave safeguard procedures：(1) the strong of air-shock wave is weakened using advanced millisecond short delay blasting technology
Degree.It was verified that millisecond crushing blasting is optimal for 15ms-100ms Deep Hole Millisecond Blasting Technique technique effect between the row of use.(2) it is smart
Really drilling can keep design burden uniform, prevent because drilling position deflection makes explosive cross premature ejaculation from drilling weak part
Leak and produce compared with strong shock wave.(3) aperture section is strengthened blocking and ensures to block quality, the intensity shadow of shock wave can be reduced
Ring.It was verified that cloak or tamper are better than with the ground of densification with sand (sand)；Blocking is better than with solid with water；In solid
Again with Coarse Aggregate than fine granules preferably, it is also possible to well cuttings block.
(4) Geological discontinuity of rock mass is given reinforcement to control the generation channel of shock wave.It is unavoidable to meet during borehole charge
Upper weak facing, joint, crack and interlayer etc., once blast is possible to produce gas leakage growth air-impingement along its plane of weakness
Ripple, therefore, should make reinforcement solutions to above-mentioned plane of weakness, or reduces the explosive payload at these positions to control the generation of shock wave.
(5) in controlled blasting, also support can be made using pin or bamboo bar, what straw screen or mat, chaste tree basketry etc. was set up as covering
Framed bent is protected, its shock wave has reflection, is oriented to and cushioning effect, therefore can preferably play weakening air-shock wave
Effect, it is general single to reduce shock strength 30%-50% or so.The size of framed bent is protected according to protected object
Depending on, and its intensity is then depending on shock strength, the shock wave resistance ability of protected object and its importance.Its shape one
As be herringbone, the angle for meeting quick-fried face and ground should be bigger than the back side and ground angle, generally 60 ° -75 °.To delay protection to arrange
Displacement time of the frame under shock wave should be embedded to more than underground 0.3m with its rigidity, its branch suspension column is strengthened.To laying special stress on protecting
Object, can set up double or multiple rows of support, and row's spacing is 4-6m., can also be quick-fried in addition to above-mentioned air-shock wave control measure
Add the coverings such as covering, such as lid sand loading or straw bag, or lid sebific duct curtain, damaged tire curtain, rubber curtain on source.
Property of Blasting Noise control measure：It is strict to block blasthole and strengthen covering, it can also weaken Property of Blasting Noise significantly.
Blast working safety prevention measure
Route choosing：Route arranges that section of having ready conditions is used as far as possible and passes round high-voltage line, the scheme of residential block, it is necessary to logical
When crossing high-voltage line, it is ensured that with the requirement of high-voltage line, the plane of steel tower and vertical clearance.Route ensures at steel tower in plane
Side slope aperture lines are as far as possible consistent with column foot on column foot 20m, elevation, reduce and excavate.When column foot is located above road, road
Pass through as far as possible in embankment form, it is to avoid excavate.When column foot is located at below road, road should lift height on vertical alignment design
Journey, to reduce excavation, reduces explosion.
Blasting vibration safety devices
When high voltage transmission line tower is close away from quick-fried source, one presplitting vibration damping band or Drilling not powder charge can be set on quick-fried source periphery
Vibrationproof hole.Pre- ceasma or vibrationproof hole can be a rows or multiple rows of.But when medium is soil layer, pre- dehiscence furrow can be excavated,
Presplitting furrow width is deep premised on easy construction, and as far as possible, preferably more than principal cartridge dose position 50cm.
The present invention is additionally provided with shotfiring safety monitoring system：Blast monitoring designs the construction for each excavation area that should combine closely
Method, the structure type for needing protection and progress are carried out, and distinguished different excavations and its feature, are entered for its focused protection position
Row monitoring arrangement；Monitoring should divide primary and secondary, give top priority to what is the most important, and take into account general；Apparatus measures are combined with artificial inspection.
The monitoring of construction time shotfiring safety should follow following principle：Based on the feedback analysis of safety monitoring, adjust in time quick-fried
Broken parameter and construction technology, it is ensured that the safety of construction quality and side slope.
Monitoring should be through construction and excavation overall process, and reply explosion, which is tracked, to be monitored satisfaction monitoring quantity and survey secondary want
Ask.Point layout should give top priority to what is the most important (high voltage transmission line tower) and important civilian and office premises.Monitoring instrument frequency response and range should
Meet and require, reliable and stable, monitoring method should be easy to be quick.
Particle movement parameter monitoring：Based on being monitored with Particle Vibration Velocity, supplemented by acceleration monitoring.Research and application into
On the basis of fruit, the control standard obtained to experiment further checking or is revised, with the change at Blasting Excavation position, and right
Blasting vibration forecast is modified.Kinetic parameter is monitored：The noise that explosion is produced is monitored if necessary.Walkaround inspection：It is right
Demolition effect carries out macroscopical investigation.
Test scope is at least up to 60m, with quick-fried source different distance at backlash to (can scene according to quick-fried source and anti-eye protection
Depending on target relative position) 5 measuring points of arrangement, the vertical sensing to, three directions of horizontal radial and horizontal tangential of every test
Device, carries out Particle Vibration Velocity, frequency test.For obtain blasting vibration fading propagation rule measuring point, by exponential distribution cloth
Put on the straight line of the direction of propagation.Seimic wave propagation rule is calculated using homing method statistical analysis, corresponding decay is provided
COEFFICIENT K and damped expoential α.
Blasting vibration propagation law is counted after being tested 1 to 2 time per position early stage, monitoring is supplemented in later stage routine monitoring
Data is modified to blasting vibration propagation law, to improve the correctness of forecast.
To (scope is determined according to blasting vibration propagation law test result) scale need to be protected in the certain limit of target periphery
Explosion is monitored, and arranges 2-3 conventional vibration monitoring point, every survey in the basic part of house owed by a citizen, high-voltage line column foot etc. every time
The vertical sensor to, three directions of horizontal radial and horizontal tangential of examination, carries out Particle Vibration Velocity, frequency test.Enter simultaneously
Macroscopic view investigation before and after row explosion.
To actual measurement kinematic parameter should enter travelling wave analysis using general program, draw peak-peak vibration velocity (if necessary to
Go out acceleration peak value), and master oscillator frequenc is provided to waveform progress analysis of spectrum.Actual measurement kinetic parameter should be entered using general program
Traveling wave conformal analysis, draws maximum Property of Blasting Noise, and to whether transfiniting and evaluating.Actual measurement parameter is entered with walkaround inspection result
Row comparative analysis, the adaptability to original design standard is analyzed.
Stricter is required to the sensor frequency band range that blast monitoring is used, is difficult to meet using Systems for routine surveillance for people and wants
Ask, it is impossible to measure real concussion of blasting.This engineering should be using advanced and digital monitoring device to important explosion, emphasis portion
The key position during explosion of position carries out explosion and monitored in real time.YBJ-III with Internet of Things real-time Transmission function is long-range miniature dynamic
State recorder and various sensors one wireless sensor network of formation, by GPRS or 3G network technology, will be collected
Signal rely on internet wireless to be transferred to the data center of explosion management information platform, realize that blast monitoring management, explosion are shaken
Dynamic propagation law statistical analysis and Blasting safety assessment.
The system can select Monitoring Data automatic statistical analysis and propose blasting vibration propagation law, for shotfiring safety control
Data bank is called, and controls standard and field data to carry out safety evaluation according to shotfiring safety, uploads monitoring bulletin, has simultaneously
There is automatic assess and warning function.
The information system can realize that field data is uploaded in real time, and project related personnel (setting authority according to demand) can lead to
Cross mobile phone or computer real-time query monitoring bulletin or field data.March into the arena start monitoring 30 days can on-line running, and according to
Consigner requires suitably to be adjusted.
According to this engineering explosion safety monitoring feature, position is paid close attention to for local, preferably using at present in the world at first
The Mini Mate Plus explosion micro-type testing systems entered, the system can be simultaneously in the quick-fried of 3 directions of same observation station test
Broken velocity of vibration (containing time-history curves) and Property of Blasting Noise, in addition, may also provide peak accelerator, peak displacement and frequency
Rate --- peak value velocity of vibration curve, can record 300 concussion of blastings not in the same time.
Measuring point will be different according to quick-fried source position difference, primarily determine that from 3 sets of miniature surveys of Mini Mate Plus explosions
Test system, measured data is uploaded to information management system manually.
Using the long-range miniature dynamic recorders of the YBJ-III with Internet of Things real-time Transmission function and various sensor shapes
Into a wireless sensor network, the blasting vibration signal of collection can be transmitted during per separate explosion into computer, so can be with
Continuing to monitor for the region blast working vibration is realized, while the interface routine of correlation can be worked out, by blasting vibration measurement knot
Sent during fruit into the mobile phone of related personnel.
Claims (10)
1. blasting technology below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
A, the blasting vibration safety control standed for determining 500kV high voltage transmission line towers：Comprise the following steps：
A1, determine high voltage transmission line tower Deformation control threshold value；
A2, determine the blasting vibration control standard of high voltage transmission line tower in itself：The blasting vibration safety control standed of high voltage transmission line tower in itself
For 17-19cm/s；
A3, the blasting vibration control standard for determining high voltage transmission line tower base concrete and high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section：High voltage transmission line tower
The blasting vibration control standard of base concrete and high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section is 4-6cm/s；
B, determine blasting method：Blasting Excavation area contour line delimited, the blasting method of different zones is determined；
C, determine blasting vibration attenuation parameter：Blasting vibration attenuation parameter is determined according to rock-mass quality and architectural feature；
D, determine maximum single blow blasting charge：It is mixed according to high voltage transmission line tower blasting vibration safety control standed in itself and high voltage transmission line tower basis
Soil, the blasting vibration control standard of high voltage transmission line tower column foot adhesive section and blasting vibration attenuation parameter is coagulated to determine different explosion classes
Type and the different quick-fried hearts away from maximum single blow blasting charge；
E, controlled blasting parameter：The distance between cutting depth, burst region and high voltage transmission line tower according to burst region and quick-fried
Broken type carrys out controlled blasting parameter；
F, determine detonation mode：Using msdelayed light emission detonation mode, carry out by row or trapezoidal detonation；
G, to burst region carry out security protection.
2. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
The blasting method of different zones is in rapid B：Entirety is by the way of subregion, layering explosion；3m is quick-fried using medium-length hole with top bar
Broken, 3m uses shallow blasting to get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation；Side slope profile position uses presplit blasting or photoface exploision, closes on the use of profile position
Buffer shooting.
3. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described
The blasthole diameter of medium-length hole blasting is 79-105mm；The blasthole diameter of the shallow blasting is 40-44mm.
4. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Blasting parameter in step E includes Hole pattern parameters, hole depth, explosive specific charge, single hole explosive payload, charge constitution and the blasthole of blasthole
Block the length of material.
5. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described
Charge constitution is decoupling charge structure.
6. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described
Hole pattern parameters include blasthole close coefficient, pitch-row and array pitch；Described blasthole close coefficient is more than 1；Described blasthole is using big
The pattern of the small array pitch of pitch-row, the ratio between the pitch-row and array pitch of blasthole is 1.5-2.5；The row that the blasthole is longitudinally excavated
Away from less than the resistance line length to high-voltage line direction.
7. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described
The length of multiple-row blasting material is 1-1.2 times of minimum resistance line length；Described multiple-row blasting material is clay.
8. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
Millisecond crushing blasting in step F is 15ms-100ms.
9. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Security protection in rapid G includes the anti-of blasting flyrock protection, the protection of explosion Rolling Stone, air-shock wave protection and Property of Blasting Noise
Shield.
10. Blasting Excavation technique below a kind of 500kV high voltage transmission line towers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
Rapid F uses nonel tube.
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