CN114619109A - Device and method for manufacturing micro parts through magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Device and method for manufacturing micro parts through magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114619109A CN114619109A CN202210442051.4A CN202210442051A CN114619109A CN 114619109 A CN114619109 A CN 114619109A CN 202210442051 A CN202210442051 A CN 202210442051A CN 114619109 A CN114619109 A CN 114619109A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for manufacturing a fine part by magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing. The method comprises the steps of combining electrochemical deposition and additive manufacturing technologies, forming a three-dimensional micro part under the magnetic field coupling effect, receiving information processed by an additive manufacturing CAD model by a printing head, keeping four-dimensional movement of the printing head through CNC control, keeping the distance between an anode and a cathode below 100 microns, enabling a magnetic field generated by a magnetic field generating module to act on the distance between the poles, and ensuring supply of a forming material by an electrolyte circulating module, so that electrochemical additive manufacturing under the coupling effect of a magnetic field, an electric field and a flow field is formed, and forming of the micron-sized part is achieved. By adjusting the pulse frequency, duty ratio, magnetic field intensity, inter-polar distance and inter-polar voltage, the micro part with strong localization and better molding structure uniformity is manufactured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fine part devices, and particularly relates to a device and a method for manufacturing a fine part by using a magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive.
Background
In recent years, with the coming of miniaturization of products, micro-nano scale three-dimensional devices have great industrial demands in various fields.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing technology that adopts materials gradually accumulated and stacked into a solid part or prototype with a certain structure and function, and is one of international leading research and competitive hot spots in the fields of material preparation science and advanced manufacturing technology. Electrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM), also known as electrochemical 3D printing, is a relatively new form of additive manufacturing that combines electrodeposition and additive manufacturing techniques to deposit a thin and highly adherent metal layer onto the surface of a conductive substrate by reducing metal ions in solution.
Nowadays, the additive manufacturing technology of three-dimensional metal microstructures is typically represented by a laser sintering technology and an electron beam melting forming technology which take laser and electron beams as heat sources, but high thermal residual stress and strain and oxidation phase change segregation exist, the mechanical property and the dimensional accuracy of a formed part are influenced, and defects such as air holes, cracks, inclusions, unfused parts and the like exist in metal parts, so that the metal parts have certain limitations. In the electrochemical material increase manufacturing technology, the material transfer is carried out in an ion scale in the deposition process, so that the micro-nano machining precision can be achieved, and the deposited layer has the characteristics of small internal stress, no thermal deformation, no crack and the like, so that the machining mode has great development potential in the micro-manufacturing field and even the nano-manufacturing field, and the machining target of a high-precision, high-performance and complex three-dimensional metal microstructure is realized.
At present, the Electrochemical additive manufacturing technology includes mask electrodeposition, crescent electrolyte confined three-dimensional forming, local Electrochemical Deposition (LECD), laser induced reduction technology, focused electron/ion beam induced Deposition technology (FEBID and FIBID), EFAB technology (Electrochemical fab Brication), jet electrodeposition technology, Electrochemical printing technology, Electrochemical scanning probe microscope (EC-SPM), and other main technologies. Although electrochemical additive manufacturing is widely applied in the field of micromachining and various electrochemical deposition technologies are applied, part of electrochemical technologies cannot be applied to additive manufacturing, such as electrochemical printing, tend to be more prone to printing and coating due to the limitation of the own conditions, the implementation conditions of the individual electrochemical additive manufacturing technologies are strict, the processing speed is extremely slow, and the required precision is extremely high, such as electrochemical scanning probe microscopy, and only a specific device can be molded. And the problems of poor surface quality, unstable crystal grain crystallization, poor localization and the like of the conventional formed part exist.
Therefore, a need exists for a special processing apparatus and method that can form microfabricated devices without thermal stress using the benefits of electrochemical additive manufacturing techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for manufacturing a micro part by using a magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive, which realize micron-scale part forming technology by using electrochemical additive manufacturing under the coupling action of a magnetic field, an electric field and a flow field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing device for fine parts comprises a rack, a precise electric control moving platform module, a pressurization module, a mechanical arm module, a printing head module, a constant temperature module, a magnetic field generation module, a vibration isolation module, an electrolyte circulation module, a control module and a computer; a precise electric control moving platform module is arranged on the frame, a pressurizing module is arranged on a frame body in the middle of the frame, and the pressurizing module is used for providing pressure for an internal cavity of the printing head so as to adjust the jet pressure of the printing head; a mechanical arm module is arranged below the precise electric control mobile platform module, the mechanical arm module is connected with the printing head module and is positioned below the precise electric control mobile platform module, a vibration isolation module is arranged at the lowest part of the rack and is used as a base of the device, a constant temperature module is arranged on the vibration isolation module and is used for keeping the temperature of electrolyte in the reaction tank; the magnetic field generating module is also arranged on the vibration isolation module and is mainly used for generating a magnetic field so that the printing head module is positioned in the magnetic field during printing and the printing quality of the molded part is improved through the magnetic field; the electrolyte circulation module is also arranged on the vibration isolation module and is used for circulating the electrolyte to ensure that the interior of the printing head is filled with the electrolyte, so that the printing head module is continuously supplied with the electrolyte to deposit metal; the vibration isolation module is also provided with a control module which is mainly used for executing a control instruction transmitted by a computer and a feedback instruction of the sensor, controlling the motion of the precise electric control mobile platform module and feeding back the information of the sensor; the computer is also arranged on the vibration isolation module, the computer is mainly used for CAD three-dimensional design software to complete three-dimensional structure design, the special rapid forming software is used for slicing the model, planning a path scanning mode, generating a G code, and detecting signals transmitted by the detection sensor in the printing process by the detection software.
The manipulator module comprises a manipulator mounting plate, a driving motor, a mechanical arm fixing plate, a rotary drum, a manipulator and a holding claw, wherein the manipulator mounting plate is 7-shaped, and is fixedly connected with the X-axis moving upper connecting plate and is connected with the driving motor and the mechanical arm fixing plate, the rotary drum is fixedly connected with the mechanical arm fixing plate, the manipulator is mounted inside the rotary drum, and the holding claw is fixedly connected to the manipulator. The driving motor drives the manipulator to rotate in the rotary drum, so that the rotation of the manipulator module in the Y-Z plane is realized.
The printing head module comprises a reaction tank, a printing head, a micro-anode, an auxiliary electrode, a printing head end cover, interelectrode voltage, a cathode wiring terminal, a cathode plate and a sensor, wherein the printing head is in threaded connection with the printing head end cover, the inside of the printing head is of a cavity structure, the micro-anode and the auxiliary electrode extend into the inside of the printing head through a small hole of the printing head end cover, the micro-anode extends out of the printing head by a few microns and forms a concentric cylinder structure with the printing head cylinder structure to allow electrolyte to flow. The cathode plate is made of base material, a micro-voltage (less than 4V) is applied between the cathode and the anode through an interelectrode voltage, the reaction tank is arranged right below the whole module and used for receiving electrolyte flowing out of the printing head, the sensor is arranged on the cathode plate and used for measuring the distance between the micro-anode and the cathode, and the signal of the sensor is received by the computer and is controlled by the computer to move along the Z axis, so that the distance between the micro-anode and the cathode is changed.
The micro-anode material is a platinum wire with the purity of 99.99 percent, the diameter of the platinum wire is 0.3mm, the platinum wire is polished into a conical tip, the size of the conical tip is 10 mu m, and the conical tip extends out of the printing head by 1-5 mu m to form the micro-anode. The distance between the micro anode and the cathode is less than 100 mu m.
Under the action of the magnetic field generating module, the distance between the micro anode and the cathode is kept below 100 mu m, so that an electrochemical reaction is in a micro area coupled by a magnetic field, an electric field and a flow field, an MHD effect generated by the magnetic field stirs the micro area between the poles, mass transfer is increased, the appearance of a forming tissue and the size of grains are improved, in addition, the very small distance between the poles can improve the localization of the micro anode, and the micro anode is combined with CAD three-dimensional modeling, layered slicing, data processing, scanning path optimization and CNC control technology which are special for an additive manufacturing technology, so that the additive manufacturing with continuous forming micron precision at room temperature is realized.
The computer is used for CAD three-dimensional design software to complete three-dimensional structure design, slicing the model through special rapid forming software, setting section thickness and path scanning mode, generating a G code, using the G code as the input of the control module, and controlling the distance between the micro anode and the cathode through detection software on the computer to prevent the forming material from contacting with the anode to cause short circuit in the additive manufacturing process.
The electrolyte is characterized in that if parts made of other materials are molded, the corresponding materials, such as Zn, Ag, Co, Cu and other metals, can be molded only by replacing the electrolyte formula.
The use method of the magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing fine part device comprises the following steps; taking the magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing of nickel parts as an example:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a computer is used for completing three-dimensional structure design through CAD three-dimensional design software, slicing processing is conducted on a model through special rapid forming software, section thickness and a path scanning mode are set, G codes are generated, and the G codes are used as input of a control system to achieve movement and rotation control of an X, Y, Z, Y-Z plane of a printing head;
(2) preparing electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises nickel sulfate with the concentration of 200-240g/L, nickel chloride with the concentration of 30-50g/L and boric acid with the concentration of 30-40g/L, and the electrolyte is placed in a reaction tank and placed in a constant-temperature water bath kettle to be stirred by magnetic force;
(3) selecting a platinum wire with the purity of 99.99% as an anode material, wherein the diameter of the platinum wire is 0.3mm, the platinum wire is polished into a conical tip, the size of the conical tip is 10 mu m, and the conical tip extends out of a printing head by 1-5 mu m to form a micro anode;
(4) selecting copper as a cathode material, firstly carrying out mechanical polishing treatment, firstly using metallographic abrasive paper to polish from #1 to #6 step by step, then using a stepless speed regulation metallographic polishing machine to carry out fine polishing, finally using an ultrasonic cleaner to clean and dry in deionized water and alcohol, and fixing the cathode material on a cathode plate after no water stain exists on the surface;
(5) electrifying the constant temperature module, and putting the uniformly mixed reaction tank into the constant temperature module after the temperature is stabilized to 36.5 ℃ to ensure that the electrolyte in the reaction tank keeps stable temperature in the circulation process;
(6) adjusting the distance between the anode and the cathode of the printing head through a CNC system, ensuring that the gap is below 100 mu m, and adjusting the gap to be 30 mu m;
(7) electrifying the magnetic field generation module, adjusting the magnetic field intensity, measuring the magnetic induction intensity of the reaction micro-region by using an HT20 digital gauss meter, and adjusting the magnetic induction intensity to 100 mT;
(8) connecting the micro anode with the positive electrode of a pulse power supply, connecting the copper substrate with the negative electrode, adjusting parameters such as current density, frequency and duty ratio, switching on the power supply to lead current to the cathode and the anode, and enabling the interelectrode voltage to be 2.5V, the pulse current duty ratio to be 0.5 and the pulse frequency to be 2 kHz;
(9) turning on a micro pump of the electrolyte circulation module, and adjusting the flow rate to be 10 ml/min;
(10) opening an air pump of the pressurizing module, pushing the electrolyte in the printing head out of the printing head, and flowing to the cathode;
(11) and starting computer detection software, detecting signals transmitted by the sensor, and controlling the distance between the micro anode and the cathode. Starting a control module, and controlling the movement of the printing head in the direction X, Y, Z and the rotation of the Y-Z plane through the G code so as to form the model micro-part according to the CAD model
The invention has the beneficial effects.
The invention combines the electrodeposition technology and the additive manufacturing technology, and keeps the distance between the micro anode and the cathode below 100 mu m under the magnetic field environment, so that the electrochemical reaction is in a micro area coupled by a magnetic field, an electric field and a flow field, and MHD effect generated by the magnetic field stirs the micro area between the poles, increases mass transfer and improves the shape of a forming structure and the size of grains. In addition, the extremely small polar distance can improve the localization of the micro-anode, and is combined with the technologies of CAD three-dimensional modeling, layered slicing, data processing, scanning path optimization, CNC control and the like which are special in the additive manufacturing technology, so that the additive manufacturing with micron precision of continuous molding at room temperature is realized. In addition, the invention can be used for increasing various metal materials and alloys by changing the electrolyte.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a fine part by magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram, a front view and a side view of the precision electric control mobile platform module.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the robot module.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the printhead module.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the magnetic field generation module.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a rack, 2, a precise electric control moving platform module, 2-1. Z-axis movement, 2-2. Y-axis mounting plate, 2-3. X-axis movement, 2-4. Y-axis movement, 2-3-1. upper connecting plate, 2-3-2. micromotor, 2-3-3. roller guide rail, 2-3-4. lower connecting plate, 3. pressurizing module, 3-1. air pump, 3-2. air pump mounting plate, 3-3. air pipe, 4. manipulator module, 4-1. manipulator mounting plate, 4-2. driving motor, 4-3. manipulator fixing plate, 4-4. manipulator, 4-5. holding claw, 4-6. rotary drum, 5. printing head module, 5-1. reaction tank, 5-2. printing head, 5-3 micro-anode, 5-4 auxiliary electrode, 5-5 printing head end cover, 5-6 interelectrode voltage, 5-7 cathode binding post, 5-8 cathode, 5-9 cathode plate, 5-10 sensor, 6 constant temperature module, 7 magnetic field generation module, 7-1 silicon steel sheet, 7-2 housing, 7-3 copper coil, 7-4 power supply, 8 vibration isolation module, 9 electrolyte circulation module, 9-1 micro pump, 9-2 silicone tube, 10 control module, 11 computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-5, an apparatus and method for manufacturing a fine component by magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing. The device comprises a rack 1, a precise electric control mobile platform module 2, a pressurization module 3, a manipulator module 4, a printing head module 5, a constant temperature module 6, a magnetic field generation module 7, a vibration isolation module 8, an electrolyte circulation module 9, a control module 10 and a computer 11. Wherein accurate automatically controlled moving platform module 2 is installed in the frame 1, pressure boost module 3 is installed on 1 middle part support body in the frame, manipulator module 4 is installed in accurate automatically controlled moving platform module 2 below, it links together to beat printer head module 5 and manipulator module 4, be in accurate automatically controlled moving platform module 2 below, vibration isolation module 8 is installed in frame 1 below, as the base of device, constant temperature module 6, magnetic field generation module 7, electrolyte circulation module 9, control module 10, computer 11 all installs on vibration isolation module 8.
The precise electric control mobile platform module comprises a Z-axis mobile 2-1, a Y-axis mounting plate 2-2, an X-axis mobile 2-3 and a Y-axis mobile 2-4, wherein the X-axis mobile 2-3 comprises an upper connecting plate 2-3-1, a micro motor 2-3-2, a roller guide rail 2-3-3 and a lower connecting plate 2-3-4, the upper connecting plate 2-3-1 and the lower connecting plate 2-3-4 are connected through the roller guide rail 2-3-3, and the micro motor 2-3-2 drives the upper connecting plate 2-3-1 to move relative to the lower connecting plate 2-3-4. The Z-axis movement 2-1, the Y-axis movement 2-4 and the X-axis movement 2-3 form the same action mode, a lower connecting plate of the Z-axis movement 2-1 is fixedly connected to the rack 1, a lower connecting plate of the Y-axis movement 2-4 is fixedly connected with a Y-axis mounting plate 2-2, the Y-axis mounting plate 2-2 is further fixedly connected with an upper connecting plate of the Z-axis movement 2-1, and a lower connecting plate of the X-axis movement 2-3 is fixedly connected with an upper connecting plate of the Y-axis movement 2-4. When the Z axis moves 2-1, the Y axis moves 2-4 and the X axis moves 2-3, and when the Y axis moves 2-4, the X axis moves 2-3, so that X, Y, Z-direction movement is realized.
The pressurizing module 3 comprises an air pump 3-1, an air pump mounting plate 3-2 and an air pipe 3-3. An air pump mounting plate 3-2 is arranged in the middle of the frame 1, an air pump 3-1 is arranged on the air pump mounting plate 3-2, one end of an air pipe 3-3 is connected with the air pump 3-1, and the other end is connected with a printing head 5, so that the control of the air pressure in the printing head is realized.
The manipulator module 4 comprises a manipulator mounting plate 4-1, a driving motor 4-2, a manipulator arm fixing plate 4-3, a rotary drum 4-6, a manipulator 4-4 and a holding claw 4-5, wherein the manipulator mounting plate 4-1 is 7-shaped, one side of the manipulator mounting plate is fixedly connected with an upper connecting plate 2-3-1 of the X-axis movement 2-3, the other side of the manipulator mounting plate is connected with the driving motor 4-2 and the manipulator arm fixing plate 4-3, the rotary drum 4-6 is fixedly connected with the manipulator arm fixing plate 4-3, the manipulator 4-4 is installed inside the rotary drum 4-6, and the holding claw 4-5 is fixedly connected with the manipulator 4-4. The driving motor 4-2 drives the mechanical arm 4-4 to rotate in the rotary drum 4-6, so that the rotation of the mechanical arm module 4 in a Y-Z plane is realized.
The printing head module 5 comprises a reaction tank 5-1, a printing head 5-2, a micro anode 5-3, an auxiliary electrode 5-4, a printing head end cover 5-5, an interelectrode voltage 5-6, a cathode binding post 5-7, a cathode 5-8, a cathode plate 5-9 and a sensor 5-10. The printing head 5-2 and the printing head end cover 5-5 are connected together in a threaded mode, the interior of the printing head 5-2 is of a cavity structure, the micro anode 5-3 and the auxiliary electrode 5-4 extend into the interior of the printing head 5-2 through a small hole of the printing head end cover 5-5, the micro anode 5-3 extends out of the printing head 5-2 and is a concentric cylinder structure with the cylindrical structure of the printing head 5-2, and electrolyte flows. The cathode 5-9 is made of an emitter material to form a cathode 5-8, micro-voltage (less than 4V) is applied between the cathode and the anode through an interelectrode voltage 5-6, the reaction tank 5-1 is arranged right below the whole module and used for receiving electrolyte flowing out of a printing head, and the sensor 5-10 is mainly used for detecting the distance between the micro-anode 5-3 and the cathode 5-8 and preventing short circuit in the material increase process.
The constant temperature module 6 mainly ensures that the electrolyte in the reaction tank 5-1 keeps stable temperature in the circulation process.
The magnetic field generation module 7 mainly comprises a silicon steel sheet 7-1, a housing 7-2, a copper coil 7-3 and a power supply 7-4, wherein the copper coil 7-3 is wound on the silicon steel sheet 7-1 and then is sealed in the housing 7-2, and the magnetic field intensity can be changed by adjusting input current.
The electrolyte circulation module 9 comprises a micro pump 9-1 and a silicone tube 9-2, the micro pump 9-1 is installed on the vibration isolation module 8, one end of the silicone tube 9-2 is connected with the electrolytic cell 5-1, and the other end of the silicone tube 9-2 is connected with the printing head 5-2, so that circulation of electrolyte is mainly achieved.
A magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing device and method for fine parts comprises the following steps:
(1) the CAD three-dimensional design software is adopted to complete the three-dimensional structure design, then the special rapid forming software is used to slice the model, the section thickness and the path scanning mode are set, G codes are generated, and the G codes are used as the input of a CNC system to realize the movement and rotation control of the X, Y, Z, Y-Z plane of the printing head module 5.
(2) Preparing electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises nickel sulfate with the concentration of 200-240g/L, nickel chloride with the concentration of 30-50g/L and boric acid with the concentration of 30-40g/L, and the electrolyte is placed in a reaction tank 5-1 and is placed in a constant-temperature water bath kettle for magnetic stirring.
(3) The micro anode 5-3 is made of a platinum wire with the purity of 99.99 percent, the diameter is 0.3mm, the platinum wire is ground into a conical tip, the size of the conical tip is 10 mu m, and the conical tip extends out of a printing head by 5-21-5 mu m to form the micro anode 5-3.
(4) The cathode 5-8 is made of copper, firstly, mechanical polishing treatment is carried out, firstly, metallographic abrasive paper is used for polishing from #1 to #6 step by step, then, a stepless speed regulation metallographic polishing machine is used for carrying out fine polishing, finally, an ultrasonic cleaner is used for cleaning and drying in deionized water and alcohol, and then, the cathode 5-9 is fixed.
(5) And electrifying the constant temperature module 6, and after the temperature is stable, putting the uniformly mixed reaction tank 5-1 into the constant temperature module to ensure that the electrolyte in the reaction tank 5-1 keeps a stable temperature in the circulating process.
(6) The distance between the micro anode 5-3 and the cathode 5-8 is adjusted by the CNC system to the printing head module 5, the gap is ensured to be below 100 mu m, and the distance between the poles is adjusted to be 30 mu m at this time.
(7) And electrifying the magnetic field generation module 7, adjusting the magnetic field intensity, measuring the magnetic induction intensity of the reaction micro-region by using an HT20 digital gauss meter, and adjusting the magnetic induction intensity to 100 mT.
(8) Connecting a pulse power supply anode to the micro anode 5-3, connecting a copper substrate to a cathode, turning on the power supply to lead current to the cathode and the anode, and adjusting parameters such as current density, frequency, duty ratio and the like to ensure that the voltage between the electrodes is 2.5V, the duty ratio of the pulse current is 0.5 and the pulse frequency is 2 kHz.
(9) And opening a micro pump 9-1 of the electrolyte circulation module 9, and adjusting the flow rate to be 10 ml/min.
(10) And opening the air pump 3-1 of the pressurization module 3, pushing the electrolyte in the printing head 5-2 out of the printing head 5-2, and flowing to the cathode 5-8.
(11) And starting computer detection software, detecting signals transmitted by the sensor, and controlling the distance between the micro anode and the cathode. The movement accuracy in the direction of X, Y, Z was set to 1 μm/s, and the movement of the head module 5 in the direction of X, Y, Z and the rotation of the Y-Z plane were controlled by the G code, whereby the model micro-part was molded according to the CAD model.
The invention combines the electrodeposition technology and the additive manufacturing technology, and keeps the distance between the micro anode 5-3 and the cathode 5-8 below 100 mu m under the magnetic field environment, so that the electrochemical reaction is in a micro area coupled by a magnetic field, an electric field and a flow field, and MHD effect generated by the magnetic field stirs the micro area between the micro areas, thereby increasing mass transfer and improving the appearance of a forming structure and the size of grains. In addition, the extremely small polar distance can improve the localization of the micro-anode, and is combined with the technologies of CAD three-dimensional modeling, layered slicing, data processing, scanning path optimization, CNC control and the like which are special in the additive manufacturing technology, so that the additive manufacturing with micron precision of continuous molding at room temperature is realized.
Claims (7)
1. The magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing device for the fine parts is characterized by comprising a rack (1), a precise electric control moving platform module (2), a pressurization module (3), a manipulator module (4), a printing head module (5), a constant temperature module (6), a magnetic field generation module (7), a vibration isolation module (8), an electrolyte circulation module (9), a control module (10) and a computer (11); a precise electric control mobile platform module (2) is installed on a rack (1), a pressurizing module (3) is installed on a rack body in the middle of the rack (1), and the pressurizing module (3) is used for providing pressure for an internal cavity of a printing head (5-2) to adjust the jet pressure of the printing head (5-2); a mechanical arm module (4) is installed below a precise electric control moving platform module (2), the mechanical arm module (4) is connected with a printing head module (5) and located below the precise electric control moving platform module (2), a vibration isolation module (8) is arranged on the bottom of a rack (1), the vibration isolation module (8) is used as a base of the device, a constant temperature module (6), a magnetic field generation module (7), an electrolyte circulation module (9), a control module (10) and a computer (11) are installed on the vibration isolation module 8, and the constant temperature module (6) is used for keeping the temperature of electrolyte in a reaction tank (5-1). The magnetic field generation module (7) is used for generating a magnetic field, so that the printing head module (5) is in the magnetic field during printing, and the printing quality of the molded part is improved through the magnetic field. The electrolyte circulation module (9) is used for circulating electrolyte, the printing head (5-2) is filled with the electrolyte, the control module (10) is used for executing a control instruction transmitted by the computer (11) and a feedback instruction of the sensor (5-9) to control the motion of the precise electric control mobile platform module (2) and feed back information of the sensor (5-9), the computer (11) is used for CAD three-dimensional design software to complete three-dimensional structure design, special rapid forming software is used for slicing the model, planning a path scanning mode, generating a G code, and detecting signals transmitted by the detection sensor in the printing process by the detection software.
2. The magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing device for fine parts according to claim 1, wherein the manipulator module (4) comprises a manipulator mounting plate (4-1), a driving motor (4-2), a manipulator arm fixing plate (4-3), a rotating drum (4-6), a manipulator (4-4) and a holding claw (4-5), wherein the manipulator mounting plate (4-1) is 7-shaped, one side of the manipulator mounting plate is fixedly connected with the upper connecting plate (2-3-1) of the X-axis movement (2-3), the other side of the manipulator mounting plate is connected with the driving motor (4-2) and the manipulator arm fixing plate (4-3), the rotating drum (4-6) is fixedly connected with the manipulator arm fixing plate (4-3), and the manipulator (4-4) is installed inside the rotating drum (4-6), the holding claws (4-5) are fixedly connected to the mechanical arms (4-4), and the driving motor (4-2) drives the mechanical arms (4-4) to rotate in the rotary drum (4-6), so that the rotation of the mechanical arm module (4) on a Y-Z plane is realized.
3. The magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing fine part device according to claim 1, wherein the print head module (5) comprises a reaction tank (5-1), a print head (5-2), a micro anode (5-3), an auxiliary electrode (5-4), a print head end cover (5-5), an inter-electrode voltage (5-6), a cathode terminal (5-7), a cathode (5-8), a cathode plate (5-9) and a sensor (5-10), wherein the print head (5-2) and the print head end cover (5-5) are connected together in a threaded manner, the interior of the print head (5-2) is of a cavity structure, the micro anode (5-3) and the auxiliary electrode (5-4) extend into the interior of the print head (5-2) through a small hole of the print head end cover (5-5), the micro anode (5-3) extends out of the printing head (5-2) by a few micrometers and forms a concentric cylindrical structure with the cylindrical structure of the printing head (5-2) for electrolyte to flow, the cathode (5-8) is formed by the discharge material on the cathode plate (5-9), micro voltage (less than 4V) is applied between the cathode and the anode through the interelectrode voltage (5-6), the reaction tank (5-1) is positioned right below the whole module and used for receiving electrolyte flowing out from the printing head, and the sensor (5-10) is installed on the cathode plate (5-9) and used for measuring the distance between the micro anode (5-2) and the cathode (5-8).
4. A magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for fine parts according to claim 3, wherein the micro anode (5-3) is made of a platinum wire with a purity of 99.99%, the diameter of the platinum wire is 0.3mm, the platinum wire is polished to be conical, the size of the conical tip is 10 μm, the conical tip extends out of the printing head (5-2) by 1-5 μm to form the micro anode (5-3), and the distance between the micro anode (5-3) and the cathode (5-8) is less than 100 μm.
5. The device for manufacturing the micro-part through the magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the computer (11) is used for CAD three-dimensional design software to complete three-dimensional structure design, slicing processing is performed on a model through special rapid prototyping software, section thickness and path scanning mode are set, G codes are generated, the G codes are used as input of the control module (10), and detection software on the computer controls the distance between the micro-anode and the cathode in the printing process.
6. The device for manufacturing the fine parts through the magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein under the action of the magnetic field generation module (7), the distance between the micro anode (5-2) and the cathode (5-8) is kept below 100 μm, so that an electrochemical reaction is in a micro region coupled by a magnetic field, an electric field and a flow field, an MHD effect generated by the magnetic field stirs the inter-polar micro region, mass transfer is increased, the morphology of a formed tissue and the size of grains are improved, and the micro-pole distance can improve the localization of the micro anode, and the device is combined with CAD three-dimensional modeling, layered slicing, data processing, scanning path optimization and CNC (computerized numerical control) technology which are specific to an additive manufacturing technology, so that the additive manufacturing with continuous forming micron precision at room temperature is realized.
7. The use method of the magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing fine part device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps;
taking the magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing of nickel parts as an example:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a computer (11) is used for completing three-dimensional structure design through CAD three-dimensional design software, slicing processing is conducted on a model through special rapid forming software, the section thickness and the path scanning mode are set, G codes are generated and used as input of a control system, and X, Y, Z, Y-Z plane movement and rotation control of a printing head are achieved;
(2) preparing electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises nickel sulfate with the concentration of 200-240g/L, nickel chloride with the concentration of 30-50g/L and boric acid with the concentration of 30-40g/L, and the electrolyte is placed in a reaction tank and placed in a constant-temperature water bath kettle to be stirred by magnetic force;
(3) selecting a platinum wire with the purity of 99.99% as an anode material, wherein the diameter of the platinum wire is 0.3mm, the platinum wire is polished into a conical tip, the size of the conical tip is 10 mu m, and the conical tip extends out of a printing head by 1-5 mu m to form a micro anode;
(4) selecting copper as a cathode material, firstly carrying out mechanical polishing treatment, firstly using metallographic abrasive paper to polish from #1 to #6 step by step, then using a stepless speed regulation metallographic polishing machine to carry out fine polishing, finally using an ultrasonic cleaning instrument to clean and dry in deionized water and alcohol, and fixing on a cathode plate until no water stain exists on the surface;
(5) electrifying the constant temperature module, and putting the uniformly mixed reaction tank into the constant temperature module after the temperature is stabilized to 36.5 ℃ to ensure that the electrolyte in the reaction tank keeps stable temperature in the circulation process;
(6) adjusting the distance between the anode and the cathode of the printing head through a CNC system, ensuring that the gap is below 100 mu m, and adjusting the gap to be 30 mu m;
(7) electrifying the magnetic field generation module, adjusting the magnetic field intensity, measuring the magnetic induction intensity of the reaction micro-area by using an HT20 digital gauss meter, and adjusting to 100 mT;
(8) connecting the micro anode with the positive electrode of a pulse power supply, connecting the copper substrate with the negative electrode, adjusting parameters such as current density, frequency and duty ratio, and switching on the power supply to lead current to the cathode and the anode, so that the voltage between the electrodes is 2.5V, the duty ratio of the pulse current is 0.5, and the pulse frequency is 2 kHz;
(9) turning on a micro pump of the electrolyte circulation module, and adjusting the flow rate to be 10 ml/min;
(10) opening an air pump of the pressurizing module, pushing the electrolyte in the printing head out of the printing head, and flowing to the cathode;
(11) starting computer detection software, detecting signals transmitted by a sensor, controlling the distance between the micro anode and the cathode, starting a control module, and controlling the movement of the printing head in the X, Y, Z direction and the rotation of the Y-Z plane through a G code, so that the model micro part is formed according to the CAD model.
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