CN107400913A - Electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer and Method of printing - Google Patents
Electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer and Method of printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107400913A CN107400913A CN201710351130.3A CN201710351130A CN107400913A CN 107400913 A CN107400913 A CN 107400913A CN 201710351130 A CN201710351130 A CN 201710351130A CN 107400913 A CN107400913 A CN 107400913A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/003—3D structures, e.g. superposed patterned layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/02—Heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer, including three-dimensional motion support, in addition to printing substrate, an at least wires conduit is provided with above printing substrate, metal wire is equipped with wireway, the front end of metal wire stretches out wireway, forms metal exposed part；A wherein pole for the rear end connection power-supply controller of electric of metal wire；Another pole of the conductive component connection power-supply controller of electric of printing substrate；Metal wire is wound on metal wire controls, and metal wire controls can drive the metal exposed part of metal wire to be moved downward along wireway；Printing substrate or metal wire are arranged on three-dimensional motion support, realize the relative motion between metal wire and printing substrate.The metal ion of electrochemical deposition is directly ionized from the metal exposed part of metal line front end and produced in the present invention, so as to realize that electrochemical metal needle point deposits 3D printing.The invention also discloses a kind of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printing method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 3D metallic prints machine, and in particular to a kind of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer.The present invention
Further relate to a kind of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printing method.
Background technology
3D printing technique refers to manufacture three-dimensional body by way of material is accumulated in layer under the control of the computer.
This manufacture method relatively has many advantages with traditional manufacture method, can save material, it is not necessary to expensive equipment can
Manufacture the part of profile and internal structure complexity.The development of 3D printing technique is by following manufacturing production model and the mankind
Life style produces material impact.
3D printing has many methods, including high temperature welding, laser printing, photochemistry etc., material can be plastics, resin,
Metal.Wherein, 3D metallic prints are widely used in the industry, and this is due to that metal material has in terms of high temperature resistant and intensity
Special advantage.3D metallic prints are mainly high power laser light printing at present.In closed container, make metal dust in Gao Gong
Stack shaping is melted under the laser of rate.But due to metal dust in atmosphere easily oxidation and it is inflammable and explosive, if be exposed to
Can be harmful in air, preserve, transport and process so must necessarily be placed in the closed container full of inert gas.Meanwhile
The requirement of superpower laser is high, and 3D laser printing apparatus is all somewhat expensive.In addition, micron-sized powder is made in metal material
Cost is added, so the application of 3D laser metals printing at present is subject to certain restrictions.
For the 3D metallic print technologies of developing low-cost, there are some electricity consumption chemical metal depositions (plating) and be used as 3D
The method of metallic print machine.The common feature of these methods is to be reduced into the metal ion in solution by the method for electrochemistry
Metal is simultaneously deposited on surface.The advantages of this method is low cost, and shortcoming is position and the deposition velocity of unmanageable deposition
It is slow.
Because in this approach, electrolyte contains the metal deposit ion of high solubility, just there is metal in the place for having solution
Ion, it is possible to depositing metal atoms.And the contact area of solution is not easily controlled, when electrolyte contacts are to conductive plate, electricity
The region that solution liquid will moisten contact surface and diffuse to outside dropper.Even if 0.1 millimeter of diameter or smaller can be designed
The dropper of diameter, electrolyte are also not easily controlled in the region of a mm dia.3D printer typically requires plane precision control
For system below 50 microns, millimetre-sized precision is can not to meet the requirement of commercial Application.And when electrolyte dropper leaves deposition
During position, also have electrolyte and stay in surface, the metal ion of high solubility is also included in these electrolyte, and may flow to not
Place, continue deposited metal.Result is that metal deposit is completely out of hand.Another problem of this method is metal ion
Constantly tailed off in print procedure in the solubility of near surface, the speed of deposition is by metal ion diffusion velocity in the solution
Limitation, so it is difficult to improving deposition velocity.
Therefore, the mark that existing electrochemistry 3D metallic prints technology is all difficult to reach commercial Application in print speed and precision
Standard, commercial application can not be realized.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer, and it can realize electricity
Chemical metal needle point deposits.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer of the present invention is：
Including three-dimensional motion support 1, three-dimensional motion support 1 can make three-dimensional motion along X, Y, Z axis three degree of freedom；Also wrap
Printing substrate 5 is included, the top of printing substrate 5 is provided with an at least wires conduit 3, metal is equipped with wireway 3
Line 9, the front end of metal wire 9 form metal exposed part 6, and metal exposed part 6 is less than 10 millimeters with printing substrate distance；Metal
A wherein pole for the rear end connection power-supply controller of electric 10 of line 9；The conductive component of printing substrate 5 connects the another of power-supply controller of electric 10
Pole；There is electrolyte 4 between metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5, do not include in electrolyte 4 or only include a small amount of metal deposit
Ion；Metal wire 9 is wound on metal wire controls 8, and metal wire controls 8 can drive the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9
Moved downward along wireway 3；Printing substrate 5 or/and metal wire 9 are arranged on three-dimensional motion support 1, realize metal wire 9
With the relative motion between printing substrate 5.
Make to perform relative motion between the metal wire 9 and printing substrate 5, when the close printing base of the exposed part 6 of metal wire 9
During plate 5, the conductive component of metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5 is set to be immersed in electrolyte 4, the gold of metal wire 9 after energization
Electrochemical reaction occurs in the presence of voltage and electrolyte 4 and produces cation for category exposed part 6, and the cation is in printing substrate
Move, and deposit to the direction of printing substrate 5 in the presence of electric field between 5 conductive component and the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9
In on printing substrate 5；Relative movement orbit between the conductive component of metal wire 9 and printing substrate 5 forms print track, so as to
Realize electrochemistry 3D metallic prints.
The wireway 3 is fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support 1, and the metal wire 9 in wireway 3 is with three-dimensional
Motion bracket 1 together moves；Metal wire controls 8 are fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support 1, are together transported with three-dimensional motion support 1
It is dynamic；Printing substrate 5 is fixedly installed in electrolyte storage container 2, and electrolyte storage container 2 connects electricity by being electrolysed fluid catheter 12
Solve liquid supply container 11；Electrolyte supply container 11 supplies electrolyte by being electrolysed fluid catheter 12 into electrolyte storage container 2
4, so that the metal exposed part 6 of the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal wire of top 9 is immersed in electrolyte 4.
The wireway 3 is fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support 1, and the metal wire 9 in wireway 3 is with three-dimensional
Motion bracket 1 together moves；Metal wire controls 8 are fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support 1, are together transported with three-dimensional motion support 1
It is dynamic；Electrolyte supply container 11 is additionally provided with three-dimensional motion support 1, the connection electrolysis fluid catheter 12 of electrolyte supply container 11
Arrival end, the port of export of electrolysis fluid catheter 12 are located at the upper surface of the printing substrate 5 of face metal exposed part 6；Electrolyte supplies
The electrolyte for answering container 11 to be supplied to electrolysis fluid catheter 12 can be by the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal wire of top 9
Metal exposed part 6 be immersed in electrolyte 4.
The wireway 3 and metal wire controls 8 are fixedly installed on Z axis support 13, and the printing substrate 5 is solid
Surely it is arranged at X, on Y-axis support；Electrolyte supply container 11 is additionally provided with Z axis support 13, electrolyte supply container 11 connects
The arrival end of fluid catheter 12 is electrolysed, the port of export of electrolysis fluid catheter 12 is located at the upper of the printing substrate 5 of face metal exposed part 6
Surface；The electrolyte that electrolyte supply container 11 is supplied to electrolysis fluid catheter 12 can by the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its
The metal exposed part 6 of the metal wire 9 of top is immersed in electrolyte 4.
The separation net of an insulation is provided between the wireway 3 and printing substrate 5.
The printing substrate 5 and metal wire 9 connect temperature-adjusting heating device；Temperature-adjusting heating device connects temperature controller, leads to
The metal exposed part 6 of excess temperature controller control metal wire 9 and the operating temperature of printing substrate 5；The exposed metal/bare metal of metal wire 9
The operating temperature range of part 6 and printing substrate 5 is between the fusing point and boiling point of electrolyte.
The printing substrate 5 is the insulated substrate that surface has conducting film or conductive paper, conducting film or conductive paper connection electricity
Another pole of source controller 10；Or the printing substrate 5 is electrically-conductive backing plate, electrically-conductive backing plate connects the another of power-supply controller of electric 10
One pole；The material of electrically-conductive backing plate is conductive material, metal and metal alloy, graphite or semi-conducting material.
The material of the metal wire 9 is conductive material, metal and metal alloy or semi-conducting material.
The electrolyte 4 is aqueous solution electrolysis liquid or nonaqueous solution electrolysis liquid.
Contain electrolyte in the electrolyte 4；Electrolyte is soluble in the salt and conductive ion of electrolyte, and conductive ion is not
The electro-deposition on printing substrate 5 is participated in, does not include in electrolyte 4 or only includes a small amount of metal deposit ion.
Also contain electrolysis additive in the electrolyte 4；Electrolysis additive be used for reduce bubble, change surface it is wet
Profit, improve electrodeposition rate and the additive of quality.
The present invention also provides a kind of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printing method, and its technical solution is, including following step
Suddenly：
The first step, control three-dimensional motion support 1 move, and make the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and printing substrate 5 mutual
It is close, and the distance between metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5 of metal wire 9 is less than 10 millimeters；
The distance between metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5 of metal wire 9 pass through Z axis track and/or metal line traffic control
Device 8 controls.
Second step, make electrolyte supply container 11 by being electrolysed fluid catheter 12 to the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and beating
Electrolyte is supplied between print substrate 5, so that the metal exposed part 6 of the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal wire of top 9
It is immersed in electrolyte 4；
3rd step, power-on controller 10, the output voltage of control power-supply controller of electric 10, and output current, with control
Electrodeposition rate；The ionization under voltage effect of the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 produces cation, and these cations are reduced
And the surface of printing substrate 5 is deposited on, realize electrochemical deposition；
4th step, opening temperature controller, control the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and the work temperature of printing substrate 5
Degree, to control the movement velocity of these cations in the solution, improve print speed；The metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and beat
The operating temperature range of substrate 5 is printed between the fusing point and boiling point of electrolyte；
5th step, the movement locus of control three-dimensional motion support 1, the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 is set to make three maintenance and operations
It is dynamic, so as to print three-dimensional objects.
What the present invention can reach has the technical effect that：
The present invention can reduce the cost and volume of laser 3D metallic print machines, while solve Conventional electrochemical metal and sink
Product 3D printing technique in terms of print speed and accuracy exist the problem of.
The metal ion of electrochemical deposition is directly ionized from the metal exposed part of metal line front end and produced in the present invention, from
And realize that electrochemical metal needle point deposits 3D printing, produced by controlling metal exposed part and the deposited metal of metal ion from
The distance between surface of son, to reduce transmission distance of the metal ion from metal exposed part (i.e. metal needle point) to deposition surface
From so that it is deposited directly over printing substrate surface from ion caused by metal exposed part.Due in the electrolytic solution without can
The metal ion of deposition, so the problem of Conventional electrochemical 3D printing metal deposition sites are uncontrollable is not present.
When metal exposed part is less than 50 microns apart from deposition surface, the diameter that depositional area depends primarily on needle point is big
It is small.If necessary to the high print member of precision, just using the small metal wire of diameter.
This invention also solves the problem of Conventional electrochemical 3D printing deposition rate of metal.Because metal needle point can distance
Deposition surface is close (in micron dimension), and the influence of the resistance of solution to ion motion is resolutely small, and the deposition velocity of metal ion is complete
Controlled by electrode current, rather than determined by the ion solubility diffusion velocity in solution entirely, as long as improving electrode current can
Improve deposition velocity.
The three-dimensional motion precision of three-dimensional motion support has been able to realize micron order in the prior art, therefore can control gold
Belong to the distance of exposed part and deposition surface in micron dimension.Electrolysis and electro-deposition of the present invention by micron order closely, it is real
Show the deposition 3D printing of electrochemical metal needle point, can reduce supply voltage, improve electrodeposition rate and deposition accuracy, can be with
The cost and volume of 3D metallic print machines are greatly reduced, while solves Conventional electrochemical metal deposit 3D printing technique and is beating
The problem of existing in terms of print-out rate and accuracy.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals in figure：
1 is three-dimensional motion support, and 2 be electrolyte storage container,
3 be wireway, and 4 be electrolyte,
5 be printing substrate or conductive film, and 6 be metal exposed part,
7 be computer, and 8 be metal wire controls,
9 be metal wire, and 10 be power-supply controller of electric,
11 be electrolyte supply container, and 12 be electrolysis fluid catheter,
13 be Z axis support.
Embodiment
Electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer of the present invention, including three-dimensional motion support 1, three-dimensional motion support 1 is in computer 7
Control under can make three-dimensional motion along X, Y, Z three degree of freedom；
Also include printing substrate 5, the top of printing substrate 5 is provided with an at least wires conduit 3, wireway 3
Metal wire 9 is inside equipped with, the front end of metal wire 9 stretches out wireway 3, forms metal exposed part 6；The rear end of metal wire 9
Connect a wherein pole (such as positive pole) for power-supply controller of electric 10；The conductive component of printing substrate 5 connects the another of power-supply controller of electric 10
Pole (such as negative pole)；Metal wire 9 is wound on metal wire controls 8, and metal wire controls 8 can drive the bare metal of metal wire 9
Dew part 6 moves downward along wireway 3；
Printing substrate 5 or metal wire 9 are arranged on three-dimensional motion support 1, are realized between metal wire 9 and printing substrate 5
Relative motion；
When the exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 is close to printing substrate 5, make the conduction of metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5
Part is immersed in electrolyte 4, and metal exposed part 6 occurs to ionize and be deposited on printing substrate 5, metal wire 9 after energization
Relative movement orbit between printing substrate 5 forms print track, so as to realize electrochemistry 3D metallic prints；
In print procedure, the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 is gradually consumed, and drives metal wire controls 8, metal wire
Controller 8 drives the front end of metal wire 9 to be moved downward along wireway 3, realizes the supplement to metal.
Preferably, the separation net of an insulation can be provided between wireway 3 and printing substrate 5；Separation net with
Beeline of the distance between the printing substrate 5 between the metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5 of metal wire 9；
The separation net of the present invention can not only avoid the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 from directly being contacted with printing substrate 5,
And the distance between metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5 of metal wire 9 can be controlled.
Printing substrate 5 can be the insulated substrate that surface has conducting film or conductive paper, conducting film or conductive paper connection electricity
Another pole (such as negative pole) of source controller 10；
Printing substrate 5 can also be electrically-conductive backing plate, and electrically-conductive backing plate connects another pole (such as negative pole) of power-supply controller of electric 10；Lead
The material of electric substrate can be various conductive materials, metal and metal alloy, graphite or semi-conducting material.
The material of metal wire 9 can be various conductive materials, metal and metal alloy or semi-conducting material, including but not
It is limited to copper, iron, aluminium, silver, platinum, gold, molybdenum, palladium, titanium etc.；
The section of metal wire 9 can be circle, rectangle, square or other shapes；
Power-supply controller of electric 10 has constant current controlling and constant voltage control function, can control the conductive part of printing substrate 5
Voltage and current between part and the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9；
Electrolyte 4 can be aqueous solution electrolysis liquid or nonaqueous solution electrolysis liquid；Contain electrolyte in electrolyte 4, may be used also
To contain electrolysis additive；
Electrolyte can be the various salt and conductive ion for dissolving in electrolyte, and conductive ion is not involved in electro-deposition and (led
Electron ion does not include the ion for electro-deposition, or only includes a small amount of ion for being used for electro-deposition, and the electricity on printing substrate 5 sinks
Product is mainly electrolysed from the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and produced)；
Electrolysis additive can be various for reducing bubble, changing surface wettability, raising electrodeposition rate and quality
Additive；
Material such as metal wire 9 is copper, and electrolyte can be that distilled water adds sodium sulfate in high purity or potassium sulfate saturated solution
And improve electrodeposition rate and the additive of quality.
It is as shown in Figure 1 the first embodiment of the present invention, wireway 3 is fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support 1, gold
Metal wire 9 in category wire conduit 3 together moves with three-dimensional motion support 1；Metal wire controls 8 are fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion branch
Frame 1, together moved with three-dimensional motion support 1；
Three-dimensional motion support 1 is flexibly connected printer frame 2 by X-axis track, Y-axis track and Z axis track, passes through stepping
Motor or other motors can drive three-dimensional motion support 1 to make three maintenance and operations along X, Y, Z three degree of freedom relative to printing substrate 5
It is dynamic；
Printing substrate 5 is fixedly installed in electrolyte storage container 2, and electrolyte storage container 2 is by being electrolysed fluid catheter 12
Connect electrolyte supply container 11；Electrolyte supply container 11 is supplied by being electrolysed fluid catheter 12 into electrolyte storage container 2
Electrolyte, so that the metal exposed part 6 of the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal wire of top 9 is immersed in electrolyte 4
Interior (because metal wire 9 is arranged in wireway 3, therefore only metal exposed part 6 is immersed in electrolyte 4)；
Electrolyte storage container 2 is using the stable material of chemical property, such as plastics, glass, stainless steel, ceramics；
When power-supply controller of electric 10 is opened, the exposed metal/bare metal portion of the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal wire 9 of top
6 are divided to be powered, electrochemical reaction occurs in the presence of electrolyte 4 and produces cation, the sun for the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9
Ion is between the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 to printing substrate 5 in the presence of electric field
Direction is moved, and is deposited on printing substrate 5；The exposed metal/bare metal of three-dimensional motion support 1 and metal wire 9 is controlled by computer 7
The movement locus of part 6, the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 is deposited in the form of an ion on printing substrate 5, obtain 3D and beat
Print product；
The second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in figure 2, the difference with first embodiment is：Electrolyte supply container 11
It is arranged on three-dimensional motion support 1, is together moved with three-dimensional motion support 1；The connection electrolysis fluid catheter of electrolyte supply container 11
12 arrival end, the port of export of electrolysis fluid catheter 12 are located at the upper surface of the printing substrate 5 of face metal exposed part 6；Electrolysis
The electrolyte that liquid supply container 11 is supplied to electrolysis fluid catheter 12 can be by the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal of top
The metal exposed part 6 of line 9 is immersed in electrolyte 4；
Because electrolyte supply container 11 is arranged on three-dimensional motion support 1, the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 is being made
While three-dimensional motion, the port of export of electrolysis fluid catheter 12 together moves with the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9, realizes electrification
Learn metal needle point deposition.
The present embodiment is in print procedure, it is only necessary to which a small amount of electrolyte is near the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9, energy
Enough save the dosage of electrolyte.
The third embodiment of the present invention, including printer frame 2 are illustrated in figure 3, is fixedly installed in printer frame 2
Z axis support 13, an at least wires conduit 3 is fixedly installed on Z axis support 13, metal wire is equipped with wireway 3
9, wireway 3 is stretched out in the front end of metal wire 9, forms metal exposed part 6；The rear end connection power-supply controller of electric of metal wire 9
A 10 wherein pole (such as positive pole)；Metal wire 9 is wound on metal wire controls 8, and metal wire controls 8 can drive metal wire
9 front end moves downward along wireway 3；Metal wire controls 8 are fixedly installed on Z axis support 13；
The lower section of wireway 3 is provided with printing substrate 5；The conductive component connection power-supply controller of electric 10 of printing substrate 5
Another pole (such as negative pole)；Printing substrate 5 is fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support 1, and three-dimensional motion support 1 is in computer 7
It can make three-dimensional motion along X, Y, Z three degree of freedom under control；
Electrolyte supply container 11, the connection electrolysis fluid catheter 12 of electrolyte supply container 11 are additionally provided with Z axis support 13
Arrival end, electrolysis fluid catheter 12 the port of export be located at face metal exposed part 6 printing substrate 5 upper surface；Electrolyte
The electrolyte that supply container 11 is supplied to electrolysis fluid catheter 12 can be by the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal wire of top
9 metal exposed part 6 is immersed in electrolyte 4.
In print procedure, the position of metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 is fixed on Z axis motion bracket the present embodiment, is beaten
Print substrate 5 together moves with X, Y motion support 1, so as to realize relative motion therebetween.
Electrochemical metal needle point 3D printing method of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
The first step, clean the surface of printing substrate 5；
Second step, control three-dimensional motion support 1 to move by computer 7, make the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and beat
It is close to each other to print substrate 5, and the distance between metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5 of metal wire 9 is less than 10 millimeters；
The distance between metal exposed part 6 and printing substrate 5 of metal wire 9 can pass through Z axis track and metal line traffic control
The co- controlling of device 8 processed；
3rd step, make electrolyte supply container 11 by being electrolysed fluid catheter 12 to the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and beating
Electrolyte is supplied between print substrate 5, so that the metal exposed part 6 of the conductive component of printing substrate 5 and its metal wire of top 9
It is immersed in electrolyte 4；
4th step, power-on controller 10, the maximum output voltage of control power-supply controller of electric 10 are no more than 1 volt, output
Between electric current is 200 milliamperes to 4000 milliamperes, to control electrodeposition rate；The metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 acts in voltage
Lower ionization produces cation, and these cations are reduced and are deposited on the surface of printing substrate 5, realize electrochemical deposition；
5th step, opening temperature controller, control the metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and the work temperature of printing substrate 5
Degree, to control the movement velocity of cation in the solution, so as to improve print speed；
The metal exposed part 6 of metal wire 9 and the operating temperature range of printing substrate 5 electrolyte fusing point and boiling point it
Between；
6th step, the movement locus of three-dimensional motion support 1 is controlled by computer 7, make the metal exposed part of metal wire 9
6 make three-dimensional motion, so as to print three-dimensional objects.
Claims (14)
- A kind of 1. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer, it is characterised in that：Including three-dimensional motion support (1), three-dimensional motion support (1) three-dimensional motion can be made along X, Y, Z axis three degree of freedom；Also include printing substrate (5), an at least wires conduit (3), wireway are provided with above printing substrate (5) (3) metal wire (9) is equipped with, the front end of metal wire (9) forms metal exposed part (6), metal exposed part (6) and printing Substrate distance is less than 10 millimeters；A wherein pole for the rear end connection power-supply controller of electric (10) of metal wire (9)；Printing substrate (5) Another pole of conductive component connection power-supply controller of electric (10)；There is electrolyte between metal exposed part (6) and printing substrate (5) (4), do not include in electrolyte (4) or only include a small amount of metal deposit ion；Metal wire (9) is wound in metal wire controls (8) On, metal wire controls (8) can drive the metal exposed part (6) of metal wire (9) to be moved downward along wireway (3)；Printing substrate (5) or/and metal wire (9) are arranged on three-dimensional motion support (1), realize metal wire (9) and printing substrate (5) relative motion between.
- 2. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Make the metal wire (9) with Printing substrate performs relative motion between (5), when the exposed part (6) of metal wire (9) is close to printing substrate (5), makes bare metal The conductive component of dew part (6) and printing substrate (5) is immersed in electrolyte (4), the exposed metal/bare metal of metal wire (9) after energization Partly electrochemical reaction generation cation occurs in the presence of voltage and electrolyte (4) for (6), and the cation is in printing substrate (5) moved between conductive component and the metal exposed part (6) of metal wire (9) in the presence of electric field to printing substrate (5) direction It is dynamic, and be deposited on printing substrate (5)；Relative movement orbit between metal wire (9) and printing substrate (5) forms printing rail Mark, so as to realize electrochemistry 3D metallic prints.
- 3. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The wireway (3) it is fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support (1), the metal wire (9) in wireway (3) is with three-dimensional motion support (1) one With motion；Metal wire controls (8) are fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support (1), are together moved with three-dimensional motion support (1)；Printing substrate (5) is fixedly installed in electrolyte storage container (2), and electrolyte storage container (2) is by being electrolysed fluid catheter (12) electrolyte supply container (11) is connected；Electrolyte supply container (11) stores appearance by being electrolysed fluid catheter (12) to electrolyte Supply electrolyte (4) in device (2), so that the exposed metal/bare metal portion of the conductive component of printing substrate (5) and its metal wire (9) of top (6) are divided to be immersed in electrolyte (4).
- 4. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The wireway (3) it is fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support (1), the metal wire (9) in wireway (3) is with three-dimensional motion support (1) one With motion；Metal wire controls (8) are fixedly installed on three-dimensional motion support (1), are together moved with three-dimensional motion support (1)；Electrolyte supply container (11), electrolyte supply container (11) connection electrolyte are additionally provided with three-dimensional motion support (1) The arrival end of conduit (12), the port of export of electrolysis fluid catheter (12) are located at the printing substrate (5) of face metal exposed part (6) Upper surface；Electrolyte supply container (11) can be by the conduction of printing substrate (5) to the electrolyte of electrolysis fluid catheter (12) supply The metal exposed part (6) of part and its metal wire of top (9) is immersed in electrolyte (4).
- 5. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The wireway (3) and metal wire controls (8) are fixedly installed on Z axis support (13), and the printing substrate (5) is fixedly installed on X, Y-axis On support；Electrolyte supply container (11), electrolyte supply container (11) connection electrolysis fluid catheter are additionally provided with Z axis support (13) (12) arrival end, the port of export of electrolysis fluid catheter (12) are located at the upper table of the printing substrate (5) of face metal exposed part (6) Face；Electrolyte supply container (11) can be by the conductive component of printing substrate (5) to the electrolyte of electrolysis fluid catheter (12) supply And its metal exposed part (6) of the metal wire (9) of top is immersed in electrolyte (4).
- 6. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The wireway (3) The separation net of an insulation is provided between printing substrate (5).
- 7. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The printing substrate (5) and Metal wire (9) connects temperature-adjusting heating device；Temperature-adjusting heating device connects temperature controller, and metal wire is controlled by temperature controller (9) metal exposed part (6) and the operating temperature of printing substrate (5)；The metal exposed part (6) of metal wire (9) and printing The operating temperature range of substrate (5) is between the fusing point and boiling point of electrolyte.
- 8. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The printing substrate (5) is Surface has another pole of the insulated substrate of conducting film or conductive paper, conducting film or conductive paper connection power-supply controller of electric (10)；Or Person, the printing substrate (5) are electrically-conductive backing plates, and electrically-conductive backing plate connects another pole of power-supply controller of electric (10)；The material of electrically-conductive backing plate Expect for conductive material, metal and metal alloy, graphite or semi-conducting material.
- 9. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The material of the metal wire (9) Expect for conductive material, metal and metal alloy or semi-conducting material.
- 10. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The electrolyte (4) is water Solution electrolyte or nonaqueous solution electrolysis liquid.
- 11. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The electrolyte (4) includes There is electrolyte；Electrolyte is soluble in the salt and conductive ion of electrolyte, and the electricity that conductive ion is not involved on printing substrate (5) sinks Product, electrolyte (4) is interior not to be included or only includes a small amount of metal deposit ion.
- 12. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printer according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In the electrolyte (4) also Contain electrolysis additive；Electrolysis additive is to be used to reduce bubble, change surface wettability, improve electrodeposition rate and quality Additive.
- A kind of 13. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：The first step, control three-dimensional motion support (1) move, and make the metal exposed part (6) and printing substrate (5) of metal wire (9) It is close to each other, and the distance between metal exposed part (6) and printing substrate (5) of metal wire (9) is less than 10 millimeters；Second step, make electrolyte supply container (11) by being electrolysed metal exposed part (6) of the fluid catheter (12) to metal wire (9) Electrolyte is supplied between printing substrate (5), so that the gold of the conductive component of printing substrate (5) and its metal wire (9) of top Category exposed part (6) is immersed in electrolyte (4)；3rd step, power-on controller (10), the output voltage of control power-supply controller of electric (10), and output current, with control Electrodeposition rate；The ionization under voltage effect of the metal exposed part (6) of metal wire (9) produces cation, these cation quilts Reduce and be deposited on the surface of printing substrate (5), realize electrochemical deposition；4th step, opening temperature controller, the metal exposed part (6) of control metal wire (9) and the work temperature of printing substrate (5) Degree, to control the movement velocity of cation in the solution；The metal exposed part (6) of metal wire (9) and the work of printing substrate (5) Make temperature range between the fusing point and boiling point of electrolyte；5th step, the movement locus of control three-dimensional motion support (1), the metal exposed part (6) of metal wire (9) is set to make three maintenance and operations It is dynamic, so as to print three-dimensional objects.
- 14. electrochemical metal needle point 3D printing method according to claim 13, it is characterised in that：It is golden in the first step The distance between metal exposed part (6) and printing substrate (5) of category line (9) pass through Z axis track and/or metal wire controls (8) control.
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| CN2016103342298 | 2016-05-19 | ||
| CN201610334229 | 2016-05-19 |
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| CN108930054A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of micro- 3D printing method of metal based on to self-assembled monolayers control technology |
| CN109750327A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-05-14 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of more electrochemical metal 3D printing devices and its Method of printing |
| CN110253020A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-09-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of micro- increasing material manufacturing device of electrochemical metal and manufacturing method |
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| CN110306210B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-07-02 | 吉林大学 | Electrochemical 3D printing device and method for metal-based composite material part |
| CN110306219A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-08 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | A kind of metal 3D printer and its Method of printing based on electrochemical reaction |
| CN110306219B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-03-16 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Metal 3D printer based on electrochemical reaction and printing method thereof |
| CN111041529A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-21 | 厦门理工学院 | Electro-deposition 3D printing head and device |
| CN111041529B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-12-07 | 厦门理工学院 | Electro-deposition 3D printing device |
| CN112831806A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 大连大学 | Direct-writing type metal electrochemical 3D printing device and printing method |
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Application publication date: 20171128 |