CN114607103A - Water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing roof - Google Patents
Water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing roof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114607103A CN114607103A CN202210292134.XA CN202210292134A CN114607103A CN 114607103 A CN114607103 A CN 114607103A CN 202210292134 A CN202210292134 A CN 202210292134A CN 114607103 A CN114607103 A CN 114607103A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 226
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 25
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- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/28—Roofing elements comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing a roof, which is characterized in that a water interlayer is arranged in a roof building, and the water in the water interlayer is heated by utilizing solar illumination and is obtained and utilized. The invention can simultaneously utilize rainwater and solar energy resources, has better water-saving and energy-saving effects, and is particularly suitable for being used in mountain areas with strong sunshine in summer and frequent rains for a short time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a water and energy saving method by utilizing a roof.
Background
In recent years, the global warming problem has attracted increasing attention from international society. China is the largest and largest country for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in the world, wherein the building energy consumption accounts for more than 1/3 of the total social energy consumption, the proportion of the building energy consumption in the total energy consumption is increased year by year, the total energy consumption of the whole process of the national building in 2018 is 21.47 hundred million tce, and the proportion of the building energy consumption accounts for 46.5 percent of the total energy consumption of the national building. The total carbon emission of the whole process of the national building in 2018 is 49.3 hundred million (million) of total CO2, and the carbon emission accounts for 51.3 percent of the carbon emission of the national building.
In order to cope with climate change, China also needs to achieve the carbon emission targets of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization as early as possible. The roof is an indispensable part in the building and receives strong solar radiation, so that energy conservation and emission reduction of the building are performed from the perspective of the roof, energy consumption of the building can be reduced to a great extent, and a means is provided for realizing carbon peak-reaching carbon neutralization.
Regarding novel energy-saving roofs, there are greening roofs, water storage roofs, ventilating roofs, high-reflection roofs, and the like. These are directed to the entire roofing system. Currently, energy-saving tiles have energy-saving measures such as coating high-reflection heat-insulation paint on the outer surface, arranging a hollow structure, utilizing water storage evaporation and the like. There are also technologies for using solar hot water by partially arranging water interlayers in the tiles, such as a solar hot water pipe combined with roof tiles disclosed in CN201220248178.4 and a solar hot water tile disclosed in CN201010147016.7, which can be used as hot water for domestic life. However, in the technologies, the water interlayer is simply arranged in the tile, and the solar illumination and the water interlayer are utilized for direct heat exchange, so that in areas with strong illumination, a large amount of heat can still permeate the tile to radiate indoors in strong illumination periods in the daytime, the energy consumption of an indoor air conditioner is increased, and the heat shielding effect is poor. Meanwhile, the conventional water storage tile has poor heat storage performance, the solar light peak period in the day is the time when the household water is less, and the water temperature is insufficient at the night in the household water peak period, so that the overall light heat utilization efficiency is low.
In addition, the existing solar energy utilization technology based on roof tiles mostly simply utilizes solar energy to heat tap water, and the rainwater resource cannot be effectively utilized. Therefore, how to design a scheme capable of better utilizing solar energy and rainwater resources is a problem which is not considered to be solved by the person in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a water and energy saving method by utilizing a roof, which can simultaneously utilize rainwater and solar energy resources and has better energy saving effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing a roof is characterized in that a water interlayer is arranged in a roof building, and water in the water interlayer is heated by utilizing solar illumination to obtain hot water for utilization.
Therefore, the solar energy water-saving solar water heater can absorb heat and heat hot water for utilization, and can collect rainwater as a water source for absorbing solar heat, so that solar energy and rainwater are simultaneously utilized, and the solar water-saving solar water heater has better energy-saving and water-saving effects.
Further, the surplus solar heat is stored by means of a heat storage material in the daytime, and the heat is released at night to heat water in the water heating interlayer for utilization.
Thus, the heat storage material can store heat and release heat, and the utilization efficiency of solar heat can be improved better. The heat storage material can be realized by adopting a phase change heat storage material or a thermochemical adsorption heat storage material.
Furthermore, the method is realized by laying water storage and heat storage energy-saving tiles on the roof, the water storage and heat storage energy-saving tiles comprise tile bodies, the tile bodies are arc-shaped in the width direction and rectangular in the horizontal plane projection direction, the tile bodies are sequentially provided with a supporting structure layer, a water interlayer and a permeable layer from bottom to top in the thickness direction, the permeable layer is made of a porous material permeable to water, and the bottom of the permeable layer is communicated with the water interlayer.
In this way, the bottom support structure layer can provide a tile strength foundation, and the permeable layer on the surface can be penetrated downwards by rainwater in rainy days and enter the water interlayer. After water is stored in the water interlayer, the water interlayer absorbs heat when being illuminated by the sun in the daytime, and hot water can be provided for family life. Therefore, the tile can utilize solar energy and rainwater simultaneously, and the energy-saving and water-saving effects are improved.
Further, a heat insulation material layer is arranged between the support structure layer and the water interlayer.
Like this, the insulating material layer of setting can cut off the heat effectively and down transmit to the house in, so can play better to the water intermediate layer heat preservation and to the heat shield effect in the house.
Further, the heat insulation material layer is made of ceramic fiber paper materials. Has better heat preservation and insulation effects and prevents heat from being transmitted into a room.
Furthermore, the permeable layer is made of porous silver-loaded glass.
The porous silver-carrying glass is adopted to prepare the permeable layer, so that the permeable layer has a good sterilization effect, most bacteria in water can be killed, and filtered water can be better cleaned. The material has high heat transfer capacity, can better facilitate the absorption of solar heat, can better control the aperture of the material during preparation, reduces the capillary effect and improves the water permeation effect.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the permeable layer is also provided with a water absorption layer made of water absorption material.
Therefore, rainwater and dew can be better absorbed by the water absorption layer in rainy days and early morning, and then the rainwater and the dew enter the water interlayer through the permeable layer for infiltration and filtration, so that the absorption and utilization efficiency of natural water (rainwater and dew) is better improved.
Furthermore, a plurality of arc-shaped bulges are arranged on the upper surface of the water absorption layer.
Therefore, the water absorption area can be increased better, dew can be absorbed better for utilization in the early morning, and the solar heat can be absorbed better for utilization when the sun shines directly in the daytime.
Further, the water absorbing layer is made of a silica gel material.
Therefore, the silica gel is a high-activity adsorption material, has an open porous structure and is strong in adsorption; the main component of the silica gel is silicon dioxide, and the silica gel is stable in chemical property and does not burn. The silica gel material can also be used for conveniently controlling the pore size of the silica gel material through material proportion and a technological process in a production process, so that the silica gel material can well permeate water and can shield the penetration of substances such as dust with larger particles and the like, and a better permeation and filtration effect is achieved. And the silica gel material has good heat conduction effect, and is more favorable for absorption and utilization of solar energy.
Further, the upper surface of the tile body is black.
In this way, the water interlayer can be heated by absorbing solar energy better in the daytime.
Furthermore, a heat storage module is arranged between the permeable layer and the water interlayer at intervals, a heat storage material is packaged in the heat storage module, and a channel is reserved at the lowest position of two sides of the heat storage module and is communicated with the permeable layer and the water interlayer.
Therefore, the heat storage material can store heat in the strong sun in the daytime and release heat at night, heat supply is continuously carried out on water in the water interlayer, and the utilization efficiency of solar heat is improved. The heat storage material can be realized by adopting a phase change heat storage material or a thermochemical adsorption heat storage material.
Furthermore, the lower surface of the heat storage module forms the inner cavity surface of the water interlayer, and one side of the lower surface of the heat storage module is also provided with a plurality of convex bosses.
Therefore, the heat exchange area of the heat storage module and the water interlayer can be increased better, and the heat exchange efficiency between the heat storage module and the water in the water interlayer can be improved more favorably.
Furthermore, the heat storage material is a thermochemical adsorption heat storage material taking a crystal hydrate as a main material.
Therefore, the thermochemical adsorption heat storage materials of the crystalline hydrate type can store and release heat by depending on the thermochemical change of crystal water obtained and lost by the materials, and the heat absorption and release capacity is usually greater than that of the phase change heat storage materials, so that heat can be stored and released better, the heat utilization efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the reaction process is mild, easy to control and good in stability.
Further, the heat storage material is prepared by mixing about 95 parts of hydrated potassium carbonate, about 5 parts of expanded graphite and about 4 parts of OP-10 (dodecyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether) according to the mass ratio.
Therefore, the main material hydrated potassium carbonate releases and absorbs heat through the obtained and lost crystal water, and has good stability and high heat storage efficiency. The expanded graphite serving as the auxiliary material can utilize the porous characteristic of the expanded graphite, not only can be used as a main material framework to keep the structure of the material stable, but also can be used as a water molecule mass transfer channel, so that the main material can be subjected to hydration reaction more uniformly and efficiently, and the phenomenon that local potassium carbonate is excessively combined with water to generate deliquescence is avoided. A small amount of OP-10 can form a hydrophilic film on the surface of the expanded graphite, so that the stability of the material structure can be better maintained, the hydrophilic property is utilized to better facilitate the hydration reaction and avoid deliquescence.
Further, when the heat storage material is prepared, the expanded graphite and the potassium carbonate solution are mixed and stirred uniformly, then the OP-10 solution diluted by the ethanol is added to be mixed and stirred uniformly, and then the mixture is heated to evaporate the redundant ethanol and water and is pressed and molded to obtain the blocky heat storage material.
Thus, expanded graphite and potassium carbonate solution are mixed firstly, which is beneficial to part of potassium carbonate to uniformly enter pores of the expanded graphite, then OP-10 solution is added to generate a hydrophilic film on the surface of the expanded graphite, part of potassium carbonate is encapsulated in the pores, wherein the OP-10 solution is diluted by ethanol, hydroxyl in the ethanol, ether bond in octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and hydrogen bond between ethanol molecule and water molecule are combined to form a composite hydrophilic group, the hydrophilic group has the capacity of getting lost water molecule just within the heat absorption and release working temperature range of the heat storage composite material, and the water binding capacity of the hydrophilic group is lower than the capacity of the potassium carbonate for binding water in the hydration process, so that the hydrophilic film generated by covering the surface of the expanded graphite can better serve as a mass transfer channel of the water molecule to enter the water molecule in the hydration reaction process, and can avoid excessive water vapor from entering the pores of the expanded graphite in the hydration reaction process. Meanwhile, in the heat absorption and dehydration process of the heat storage material, the normal dehydration and heat storage of the material when being heated can not be influenced. Therefore, when the material needs to promote the heat release of the hydration reaction in the application process, the mode of increasing the water vapor pressure can be adopted, so that water molecules can enter the material more quickly, the heat release rate is increased, and the problem of potassium carbonate deliquescence and hardening caused by overlarge water vapor pressure is avoided.
Furthermore, a water permeable diaphragm is arranged in each boss in the heat storage module, the heat storage material is packaged by the water permeable diaphragm at one end close to the upper part inside the boss, a crystal water containing cavity is formed at one end close to the lower part inside the boss, and the outer bottom surface of the boss is made of an elastic material.
Like this, when the tile received daytime sun light, the heat inwards transmitted to the heat accumulation module and absorbed, and crystallization hydrate loses crystal water, and the hydrone spills over and enters into the crystal water and holds the intracavity after being heated from heat accumulation material, and high temperature makes the outer top surface elastic material of boss become soft, and the boss outside is outwards bloated, and crystal water holds the increase of intracavity space in order to hold crystal water better and inwards transfer heat. When the night, the temperature reduces, and the crystal water holds the chamber space shrink, and pressure increases for the crystal water that the crystal water held the intracavity can get into the heat accumulation material again better and produce hydration reaction, and the heat of giving out supplies outside water interlayer to absorb. Therefore, the structure is designed aiming at the action of the thermochemical adsorption heat storage material taking crystal hydrate as a main material, the heat absorption and release efficiency and the internal heat transfer efficiency can be better matched, and the solar energy utilization efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the elastic material of the outer bottom surface of the boss is in a wave-shaped design.
In this way, the elastic action is better exerted.
Further, the lowest position of the permeable layer is equal to or higher than the highest position of the water interlayer.
Therefore, the water in the permeable layer can permeate downwards under the action of gravity and flow into the water interlayer more favorably.
Further, the side face of the tile body is provided with waterproof paint.
This will better prevent water from flowing out of the tile from both sides of the permeable layer. Furthermore, the edges of two sides of the tile body in the width direction are provided with clamping joints.
Thus, the clamping joint can be used for connecting with tile connecting members which are used for forming a groove part position structure between adjacent tiles of a roof. The integral connection forming of the roof structure is facilitated. In specific implementation, the connecting position can be subjected to waterproof treatment, such as painting waterproof glue or laying waterproof coiled materials.
Furtherly, tile length direction's one end upper surface is formed with the overlap joint recess, and the whole outside extension in other end upper portion edge is formed with the overlap joint arch, and the overlap joint arch can form the overlap joint with the cooperation of overlap joint recess.
Therefore, the tiles can be conveniently overlapped, installed and laid one by one along the length direction.
Further, tile length direction's one end terminal surface has the water pipe head with water interlayer intercommunication, and other end terminal surface has the water pipe connector with water interlayer intercommunication, and water pipe head can be pegged graft with water pipe connector and cooperate.
Like this, make things convenient for the tile along length direction overlap joint installation laying process one by one, accomplish the whole intercommunication of water interlayer, during concrete installation, can rely on the sealing washer or apply paint sealed glue etc. mode packing water pipe joint's sealed fixed. When the rainwater is insufficient, the tap water is connected to supply water.
In conclusion, the solar energy and rainwater combined type solar energy water heater can simultaneously utilize rainwater and solar energy resources, has better water and energy saving effects, and is particularly suitable for being used in mountain areas with strong sunshine in summer and frequent raining for short time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the water-storing, heat-storing and energy-saving tile used in the present invention in the width direction.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a single boss of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the splicing of two tiles.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the tile connecting member of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of tile laying.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The implementation mode is as follows: a water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing a roof is characterized in that a water interlayer is arranged in a roof building, water in the water interlayer is heated by utilizing solar illumination and hot water is obtained for utilization, wherein the water in the water interlayer is from rainwater collected and filtered by the roof building.
Therefore, the solar energy water-saving solar water heater can absorb heat and heat hot water for utilization, and can collect rainwater as a water source for absorbing solar heat, so that solar energy and rainwater are simultaneously utilized, and the solar water-saving solar water heater has better energy-saving and water-saving effects.
In the embodiment, the method is realized by laying water storage and heat storage energy-saving tiles on a roof, the water storage and heat storage energy-saving tiles refer to fig. 1-5 and comprise tile bodies 1, the tile bodies 1 are arc-shaped in the width direction and rectangular in the horizontal plane projection direction, the tile bodies 1 are sequentially provided with supporting structure layers 2, water interlayers 3 and water permeable layers 4 from bottom to top in the thickness direction, the water permeable layers 4 are made of water permeable porous materials, and the bottoms of the water permeable layers 4 are communicated with the water interlayers 3.
In this way, the bottom support structure layer can provide a tile strength foundation, and the permeable layer on the surface can be penetrated downwards by rainwater in rainy days and enter the water interlayer. After water is stored in the water interlayer, the water interlayer absorbs heat when being illuminated by the sun in the daytime, and hot water can be provided for family life. Therefore, the tile can utilize solar energy and rainwater simultaneously, and the energy-saving and water-saving effects are improved.
Wherein, a heat insulating material layer 5 is also arranged between the support structure layer 2 and the water interlayer 3.
Like this, the insulating material layer of setting can cut off the heat effectively and down transmit to the house in, so can play better to the water intermediate layer heat preservation and to the heat shield effect in the house.
Wherein, the heat preservation material layer 5 is made of ceramic fiber paper material. Has better heat preservation and insulation effects and prevents heat from being transmitted into a room.
Wherein, the permeable layer 4 is made of porous silver-carrying glass.
The porous silver-carrying glass is adopted to prepare the permeable layer, so that the permeable layer has a good sterilization effect, most bacteria in water can be killed, and filtered water can be better cleaned. The material has high heat transfer capacity, can be better beneficial to absorbing solar heat, can better control the aperture of the material during preparation, reduces the capillary effect (prevents water below from rising upwards through the capillary effect) and improves the downward water permeation effect.
Wherein, the upper surface of the permeable layer 4 is also provided with a water absorption layer 6 made of water absorption material.
Therefore, when raining and in the early morning, rainwater and dew can be better absorbed by the water absorption layer, and then the rainwater and the dew enter the water interlayer through the permeable layer, so that the absorption and utilization efficiency of natural water (rainwater and dew) is better improved.
Wherein, a plurality of arc-shaped bulges 7 are arranged on the upper surface of the water absorption layer 6.
Therefore, the water absorption area can be increased better, dew can be absorbed better for utilization in the early morning, and the solar heat can be absorbed better for utilization when the sun shines directly in the daytime.
Wherein, the water absorbing layer 6 is made of silica gel material.
Therefore, the silica gel is a high-activity adsorption material, has an open porous structure and is strong in adsorption; the main component of the silica gel is silicon dioxide, and the silica gel has stable chemical property and does not burn. The silica gel material can also be used for conveniently controlling the pore size of the silica gel material through material proportion and a technological process in a production process, so that the silica gel material can well permeate water and can shield the penetration of substances such as dust with larger particles and the like, and a better permeation and filtration effect is achieved. And the silica gel material has good heat conduction effect, and is more favorable for absorption and utilization of solar energy.
Wherein, the upper surface of the tile body 1 is black.
In this way, the water interlayer can be heated by absorbing solar energy better in the daytime.
Wherein, still the interval is provided with heat accumulation module 8 between permeable stratum 4 and the water intermediate layer 3, and the encapsulation is provided with heat accumulation material in the heat accumulation module 8, and heat accumulation module 8 both sides minimum position leaves passageway 9 and supplies permeable stratum and water intermediate layer to communicate with each other.
Therefore, the heat storage material can store heat when the sun is strong in the daytime and release heat at night, heat supply is continuously carried out on water in the water interlayer, and the utilization efficiency of solar heat is improved. The heat storage material can be realized by adopting a phase change heat storage material or a thermochemical adsorption heat storage material. In addition, during implementation, a memory alloy valve plate can be further arranged in the channel 9, one end of the memory alloy valve plate is fixed with one side of the channel, the other end of the memory alloy valve plate can be unfolded or bent along with temperature change to form an automatic temperature control switch, the memory alloy valve plate can be automatically unfolded to close the channel when the temperature is higher than a threshold value (under the condition that the sun directly shines in the daytime), evaporation is reduced, and the memory alloy valve plate is bent to open the channel when the temperature is lower than the threshold value (under the conditions of rain or night), so that collected rainwater and dew can enter the water interlayer. The threshold value can be set within the range of 20-30 ℃, so that the evaporation of water in the water interlayer at high temperature can be avoided.
Wherein, the lower surface of the heat storage module 8 forms the inner cavity surface of the water interlayer 3, and one side of the lower surface of the heat storage module 8 is also provided with a plurality of convex bosses 10.
Therefore, the heat exchange area of the heat storage module and the water interlayer can be increased better, and the heat exchange efficiency between the heat storage module and the water in the water interlayer can be improved more favorably.
The heat storage material is a thermochemical adsorption heat storage material taking a crystalline hydrate as a main material.
Therefore, the thermochemical adsorption heat storage materials of the crystalline hydrate type can store and release heat by depending on the thermochemical change of crystal water obtained and lost by the materials, and the heat absorption and release capacity is usually greater than that of the phase change heat storage materials, so that heat can be stored and released better, the heat utilization efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the reaction process is mild, easy to control and good in stability.
Wherein the heat storage material is prepared by mixing about 95 parts of hydrated potassium carbonate, about 5 parts of expanded graphite and about 4 parts of OP-10 (dodecyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether) according to the mass ratio.
Therefore, the main material hydrated potassium carbonate releases and absorbs heat through the obtained and lost crystal water, and has good stability and high heat storage efficiency. The expanded graphite serving as the auxiliary material can utilize the porous characteristic of the expanded graphite, not only can be used as a main material framework to keep the structure of the material stable, but also can be used as a water molecule mass transfer channel, so that the main material can be subjected to hydration reaction more uniformly and efficiently, and the phenomenon that local potassium carbonate is excessively combined with water to generate deliquescence is avoided. A small amount of OP-10 can form a hydrophilic film on the surface of the expanded graphite, so that the stability of the material structure can be better maintained, the hydrophilic property is utilized to better facilitate the hydration reaction and avoid deliquescence.
When the heat storage material is prepared, firstly, the expanded graphite and the potassium carbonate solution are mixed and stirred uniformly, then, the OP-10 solution diluted by the ethanol is added, mixed and stirred uniformly, and then, the mixture is heated to evaporate redundant ethanol and water and then is pressed and molded to obtain the blocky heat storage material.
Thus, expanded graphite and potassium carbonate solution are mixed firstly, which is beneficial to part of potassium carbonate to uniformly enter pores of the expanded graphite, then OP-10 solution is added to generate a hydrophilic film on the surface of the expanded graphite, part of potassium carbonate is encapsulated in the pores, wherein the OP-10 solution is diluted by ethanol, hydroxyl in the ethanol, ether bond in octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and hydrogen bond between ethanol molecule and water molecule are combined to form a composite hydrophilic group, the hydrophilic group has the capacity of getting lost water molecule just within the heat absorption and release working temperature range of the heat storage composite material, and the water binding capacity of the hydrophilic group is lower than the capacity of the potassium carbonate for binding water in the hydration process, so that the hydrophilic film generated by covering the surface of the expanded graphite can better serve as a mass transfer channel of the water molecule to enter the water molecule in the hydration reaction process, and can avoid excessive water vapor from entering the pores of the expanded graphite in the hydration reaction process. Meanwhile, in the heat absorption and dehydration process of the heat storage material, the normal dehydration and heat storage of the material when being heated can not be influenced. Therefore, when the material needs to promote the heat release of the hydration reaction in the application process, the mode of increasing the water vapor pressure can be adopted, so that water molecules can enter the material more quickly, the heat release rate is increased, and the problem of potassium carbonate deliquescence and hardening caused by overlarge water vapor pressure is avoided.
Wherein, still be provided with water permeability diaphragm 11 in each boss 10 in the heat accumulation module, water permeability diaphragm 11 encapsulates heat accumulation material in the inside top one end that leans on of boss 10 to make boss 10 in lean on below one end to form a crystal water and hold chamber 12, boss 10 outer bottom surface adopts elastic material to make.
Like this, when the tile received daytime sun light, the heat inwards transmitted to the heat accumulation module and absorbed, and crystallization hydrate loses crystal water, and the hydrone spills over and enters into the crystal water and holds the intracavity after being heated from heat accumulation material, and high temperature makes the outer top surface elastic material of boss become soft, and the boss outside is outwards bloated, and crystal water holds the increase of intracavity space in order to hold crystal water better and inwards transfer heat. When the temperature is lowered, the space of the crystal water containing cavity is shrunk, and the pressure is increased, so that the crystal water in the crystal water containing cavity can better reenter the heat storage material to generate hydration reaction, and the heat is released to be absorbed by the external water interlayer. Therefore, the structure is designed aiming at the action of the thermochemical adsorption heat storage material taking crystal hydrate as a main material, the heat absorption and release efficiency and the internal heat transfer efficiency can be better matched, and the solar energy utilization efficiency is improved.
Wherein, the elastic material of the outer bottom surface of the boss 10 is in a wave-shaped design.
In this way, the elastic action is better exerted.
Preferably, the lowest position of the permeable layer 4 is equal to or higher than the height of the highest position of the water interlayer 3.
Therefore, the water in the permeable layer can permeate downwards under the action of gravity and flow into the water interlayer more favorably.
In this embodiment, the side of the tile body 1 is provided with waterproof paint.
This will better prevent water from flowing out of the tile from both sides of the permeable layer. Wherein, the two side edges of the tile body 1 in the width direction are provided with clamping joints 13.
In this way, the snap tabs 13 can be used to connect with tile attachment members 14 that are used to form a recessed portion location structure between adjacent roof tiles. The integral connection and forming of the roof structure are facilitated. In specific implementation, the connecting position can be subjected to waterproof treatment, such as painting waterproof glue or laying waterproof coiled materials.
Wherein, tile length direction's one end upper surface is formed with overlap joint recess 15, and the whole outside extension in other end upper portion edge is formed with the overlap joint arch, and the overlap joint arch can form the overlap joint with the cooperation of overlap joint recess.
Therefore, the tiles can be conveniently overlapped, installed and laid one by one along the length direction.
Wherein, tile length direction's one end terminal surface has the water pipe head with water intermediate layer intercommunication, and other end terminal surface has the water pipe connector 16 with water intermediate layer intercommunication, and water pipe head can be pegged graft with water pipe connector 16 and cooperate.
Like this, make things convenient for the tile along length direction overlap joint installation one by one and lay the in-process, accomplish the whole intercommunication of water interlayer, during concrete installation, can rely on the sealing washer or apply paint sealed glue etc. mode packing water pipe joint's sealed fixed. When the rainwater is insufficient, the tap water is connected to supply water.
Claims (10)
1. A water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing a roof is characterized in that a water interlayer is arranged in a roof building, water in the water interlayer is heated by utilizing solar illumination, and hot water is obtained for utilization, and the water in the water interlayer is collected and filtered by the roof building.
2. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surplus solar heat is stored by the heat storage material in the daytime, and the heat is released at night to heat the water in the water heating interlayer for utilization.
3. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method is realized by laying water-storage and heat-storage energy-saving tiles on the roof, the water-storage and heat-storage energy-saving tiles comprise tile bodies, the tile bodies are arc-shaped in the width direction and rectangular in the projection direction of the horizontal plane, the tile bodies are sequentially provided with a supporting structure layer, a water interlayer and a permeable layer from bottom to top in the thickness direction, the permeable layer is made of a porous material which is permeable to water, and the bottom of the permeable layer is communicated with the water interlayer.
4. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a heat insulation material layer is arranged between the support structure layer and the water interlayer;
the heat insulating material layer is made of ceramic fiber paper materials.
5. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the permeable layer is made of porous silver-loaded glass.
6. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the upper surface of the permeable layer is also provided with a water absorbing layer made of water absorbing material;
a plurality of arc-shaped bulges are arranged on the upper surface of the water absorption layer;
the water absorbing layer is made of silica gel material.
7. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the upper surface of the tile body is black;
a heat storage module is arranged between the permeable layer and the water interlayer at intervals, heat storage materials are arranged in the heat storage module in an encapsulated manner, and channels are reserved at the lowest positions of the two sides of the heat storage module for communicating the permeable layer and the water interlayer;
the lower surface of the heat storage module forms the inner cavity surface of the water interlayer, and one side of the lower surface of the heat storage module is also provided with a plurality of convex bosses;
the heat storage material is a thermochemical adsorption heat storage material taking a crystal hydrate as a main material.
8. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the heat storage material is prepared by mixing about 95 parts of hydrated potassium carbonate, about 5 parts of expanded graphite and about 4 parts of OP-10 in mass proportion;
when the heat storage material is prepared, the expanded graphite and the potassium carbonate solution are mixed and stirred uniformly, then the OP-10 solution diluted by the ethanol is added and mixed and stirred uniformly, and then the mixture is heated to evaporate the redundant ethanol and water and is pressed and molded to obtain the blocky heat storage material.
9. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 7, wherein: a water permeable diaphragm is arranged in each boss in the heat storage module, the heat storage material is packaged by the water permeable diaphragm at one end close to the upper part in each boss, a crystal water containing cavity is formed at one end close to the lower part in each boss, and the outer bottom surface of each boss is made of an elastic material;
the elastic material of the outer bottom surface of the boss is in a wave-shaped design.
10. The method for saving water and energy by using the roof as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the lowest position of the permeable layer is equal to or higher than the highest position of the water interlayer;
waterproof paint is arranged on the side surface of the tile body;
the edges of two sides of the tile body in the width direction are provided with clamping joints;
the upper surface of one end of the tile in the length direction is provided with a lapping groove, the edge of the upper part of the other end of the tile integrally extends outwards to form a lapping protrusion, and the lapping protrusion can be matched with the lapping groove to form lapping;
tile length direction's one end terminal surface has the water pipe head with water interlayer intercommunication, and other end terminal surface has the water pipe head with water interlayer intercommunication, and the water pipe head can be pegged graft with the water pipe head and cooperate.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310230366.7A CN115977322A (en) | 2022-03-24 | 2022-03-24 | Water-storage heat-storage energy-saving tile |
| CN202210292134.XA CN114607103B (en) | 2022-03-24 | 2022-03-24 | Water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing roof |
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| CN202210292134.XA CN114607103B (en) | 2022-03-24 | 2022-03-24 | Water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing roof |
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| CN202210292134.XA Active CN114607103B (en) | 2022-03-24 | 2022-03-24 | Water-saving and energy-saving method by utilizing roof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115839152A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-03-24 | 铜陵铜官府文化创意股份公司 | Self-adjusting water dripping tile and using method thereof |
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| CN114607103B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
| CN115977322A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
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