CN114604079A - 一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构 - Google Patents
一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
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- B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
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Abstract
本发明提出的一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构,作为舵轮中的驱动车轮,在保持高速度和加速度的同时,拥有很高的集成度,显著降低舵轮整体的高度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于机械人领域,具体涉及一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构,该结构体积小,集成度高。
背景技术
在全向移动机器人底盘中,舵轮拥有舵向转动的车轮转动两个自由度,舵向转动改变车轮转动前进的方向,可以在满足机器人底盘全向移动的同时还拥有很高的速度和加速度,在机器人比赛中表现卓越。
底盘越低稳定性和操控性越好,并且舵轮部件紧凑化设计能够给机器人提供更加充裕的上层设计及空间,扩展机器人的功能部件和延展机器人的应用领域。但现有的舵轮均存在设计过高和占用空间过大的问题,究其原因,是舵轮中用于前进运动的驱动车轮部分整体偏大偏高所致。有些舵轮采用大直径的轮毂电机直接连接驱动的方式作为驱动车轮,设计直径偏大;而另一些舵轮虽然采用小直径电机作为驱动车轮的电机,但无法避免地将减速器布局于上方,同样导致高度过大。
发明内容
针对上述舵轮设计中主驱动车轮部分存在的问题,本发明提出的一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构,作为舵轮中的驱动车轮,在保持高速度和加速度的同时,拥有很高的集成度,显著降低舵轮整体的高度。
一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构,包括车轮、驱动电机和减速器。
所述车轮由轮毂和轮胎组成。所述轮毂为中空结构,横截面为偏置的“工”字形状,中间偏置设置竖直的辐条提供强度支撑;所述辐条将车轮内部的空间分成左右两个不同体积的轮毂内腔空间,分别放置驱动电机和减速器,轮毂内腔由内到外内径逐步增大,提供电机和减速器安装空间的同时增加装配间隙;轮毂外圆柱表面有凹槽用于粘接轮胎。所述轮胎采用摩擦系数较高的热熔光头胎。
所述驱动电机为小直径、大功率的电机,布置于轮毂内体积较大的内腔空间里。
所述的减速器为行星减速器,包括车轮齿圈架、齿圈轴承、内齿圈、齿圈固定架、车轮行星架、外行星架、太阳齿轮、挡圈、太阳齿轮轴、电机输出轴、压片、键、行星架法兰轴承、齿圈架法兰轴承、行星齿轮轴、行星齿轮法兰轴承、行星齿轮和车轮法兰轴承等。驱动电机的电机输出轴通过压片压住位于其末端的D型轴与太阳齿轮轴相连接,太阳齿轮轴通过键与太阳齿轮共轴连接,太阳齿轮端面设置轴向约束的挡圈;外行星架、车轮行星架通过沉头螺钉与轮毂相连接,行星齿轮通过两个行星齿轮法兰轴承约束在行星齿轮轴上,行星齿轮轴连接外行星架和车轮行星架,约束行星齿轮在外行星架和车轮行星架中间运动;内齿圈、车轮齿圈架通过内六角螺钉连接到齿圈固定架上。
所述轮毂通过车轮法兰轴承与电机输出轴同轴约束相连,车轮齿圈架通过齿圈轴承与车轮行星架同轴约束相连,外行星架通过行星架法兰轴承与太阳齿轮轴同轴约束相连,太阳齿轮轴通过齿圈架法兰轴承与齿圈固定架同轴约束相连。
所述行星减速器以内齿圈作为固定端,以太阳齿轮作为输入端,车轮行星架作为输出端,太阳齿轮与行星齿轮啮合,行星齿轮与内齿圈啮合,太阳齿轮旋转时驱动行星齿轮在固定的内齿圈上转动前进,带动车轮行星架同轴于太阳齿轮减速输出。行星减速器的输入端外接驱动电机,输出端外接车轮,固定端作为减速器的支撑。
单条轮胎的宽度设为a,轮毂需要布置K个轮胎,因此轮毂宽度为A=ka(k为正整数);轮毂宽度A的设计需要使电机转子和减速器布置在轮毂内,且尽量降低轮毂内闲置空间。
所述轮毂外圈尺寸配合轮胎尺寸进行设计,轮毂宽度综合考虑轮胎宽度、驱动电机宽度、减速器宽度进行设计,
轮毂外尺寸应配合轮胎的内直径,设该直径为D;轮毂内腔最大直径为d1,最小直径为d2,驱动电机转子最大直径为d;
D>d1>d2>d;
考虑到轮毂内腔电机占用的空间较大较宽,因此轮毂电机侧的悬臂比减速器侧的悬臂长,形变量也最大,最大形变发生在轮毂电机侧悬臂的最外端。
设该处的初始间隙u=d1-d;
当轮毂受力发生形变时,间隙应始终大于零,即轮毂最大形变量u1<u。
选用高强度材料可以使得变形量减小,从而减小设计的初始间隙u。通过上述公式的约束,综合优化设计轮毂内腔直径和轮毂材料。通过有限元分析对轮毂的受力进行分析,选用合适的轮毂材料使其满足约束要求。
所述内置减速器和驱动电机的车轮整体通过驱动电机的尾端的螺纹和齿圈固定架的螺纹与外部连接,作为内置减速器和电机的车轮结构整体的两个支撑点,两支撑点在内置减速器和电机的车轮结构整体的最外侧,使得其呈简支梁结构的支撑,承载能力强
相比于现有技术,本发明的优点为:内置减速器和电机的车轮结构,集成度高,结构紧凑,占用空间少。电机通过减速器减速后输出到车轮上,使得车轮上的驱动扭矩大。轮胎采用光头热熔胎,在干燥地面上摩擦力大,车轮整体宽度很宽,负载能力强。
附图说明
图1为内置减速器和电机的车轮的整体结构图;
图2为内置减速器和电机的车轮结构的轮毂剖面图;
图3为内置减速器和电机的车轮结构的轮毂轴测图;
图4为内置减速器和电机的车轮结构的减速器剖切图;
图5为内置减速器和电机的车轮结构的轮毂有限元分析应力图;
图6为内置减速器和电机的车轮结构的轮毂有限元分析位移图。
图中:1为车轮,1-1为轮毂,1-1-1为轮毂外圈,1-1-2为辐条,1-1-3为轮毂内腔,1-1-4为凹槽,1-2为轮胎;2为驱动电机;3为减速器,3-1为车轮齿圈架,3-2为齿圈轴承,3-3为内齿圈,3-4为内六角螺钉,3-5为齿圈固定架,3-6为车轮行星架,3-7为外行星架,3-8为沉头螺钉,3-9为太阳齿轮,3-10为挡圈,3-11为太阳齿轮轴,3-12为电机输出轴,3-13为压片,3-14为键,3-15为行星架法兰轴承,3-16为齿圈架法兰轴承,3-17为行星齿轮轴,3-18为行星齿轮法兰轴承,3-19为行星齿轮,3-20为车轮法兰轴承。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进一步详细的描述:
本发明一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构,包括车轮1、驱动电机2和减速器3,如图1所示。
所述车轮1由轮毂1-1和轮胎1-2组成。所述轮毂1-1为中空结构,横截面为“工”字形状,中间偏置设置竖直的辐条1-1-2提供强度支撑;所述辐条1-1-2将车轮1内部的空间分成左右两个不同体积的轮毂内腔1-1-3空间,分别放置驱动电机2和减速器3,轮毂内腔1-1-3由内到外内径逐步增大,提供电机2和减速器3安装空间的同时增加装配间隙;“工”字上下横置部分为轮毂外圈1-1-1,外形为圆柱形,表面有凹槽1-1-4用于和轮胎1-2的粘接,如图2和图3所示。所述轮胎1-2为热熔光头胎,为现有产品,宽度为26mm,外径为66mm,内径为54mm,摩擦系数高。
所述驱动电机2为小直径、大功率的电机,为车轮1提供足够的动力源,布置在轮毂内腔1-1-3较大的辐条1-1-2一侧。
所述的减速器3为行星减速器,包括车轮齿圈架3-1、齿圈轴承3-2、内齿圈3-3、齿圈固定架3-5、车轮行星架3-6、外行星架3-7、太阳齿轮3-9、挡圈3-10、太阳齿轮轴3-11、电机输出轴3-12、压片3-13、键3-14、行星架法兰轴承3-15、齿圈架法兰轴承3-16、行星齿轮轴3-17、行星齿轮法兰轴承3-18、行星齿轮3-19和车轮法兰轴承3-20等。驱动电机2的电机输出轴3-12通过压片3-13压住位于其末端的D型轴与太阳齿轮轴3-11相连接,太阳齿轮轴3-11通过键3-14与太阳齿轮3-9共轴连接,太阳齿轮3-9端面设置轴向约束的挡圈3-10;外行星架3-7、车轮行星架3-6通过沉头螺钉3-8与轮毂1-1相连接,行星齿轮3-19通过两个行星齿轮法兰轴承3-18约束在行星齿轮轴3-17上,行星齿轮轴3-17连接外行星架3-7和车轮行星架3-6,约束行星齿轮3-19在外行星架3-7和车轮行星架3-6中间运动;内齿圈3-3、车轮齿圈架3-1通过内六角螺钉3-4连接到齿圈固定架3-5上。
所述轮毂1-1通过车轮法兰轴承3-20与电机输出轴3-12同轴约束相连,车轮齿圈架3-1通过齿圈轴承3-2与车轮行星架3-6同轴约束相连,外行星架3-7通过行星架法兰轴承3-15与太阳齿轮轴3-11同轴约束相连,太阳齿轮轴3-11通过齿圈架法兰轴承3-16与齿圈固定架3-5同轴约束相连,如图4所示。
所述行星减速器以内齿圈3-3作为固定端,以太阳齿轮3-9作为输入端,车轮行星架3-6作为输出端,太阳齿轮3-9与行星齿轮3-19啮合,行星齿轮3-19与内齿圈3-3啮合,太阳齿轮3-9旋转时驱动行星齿轮3-19在固定的内齿圈3-3上转动前进,带动车轮行星架3-6同轴于太阳齿轮3-9减速输出。行星减速器的输入端外接驱动电机2,输出端外接车轮1,固定端作为减速器3的支撑。
所述轮毂外圈1-1-1尺寸配合轮胎1-2尺寸进行设计,轮毂1-1宽度综合考虑轮胎1-2宽度、驱动电机2宽度、减速器3宽度进行设计,单条轮胎1-2的宽度为26mm,横向布置两条轮胎1-2使车轮总宽度达到52mm,该宽度以供驱动电机2和减速器3设置在轮毂内腔1-1-3里,并刚好充满轮毂内腔1-1-3,布局紧凑;本实施例中驱动电机2直径为50mm,轮毂内腔1-1-3的直径为51~52.5mm由内至外扩宽,驱动电机2与轮毂内腔1-1-3的最大间隙为1.25mm。通过有限元分析对轮毂1-1的受力进行分析,如图5和图6所示。一台机器人的设计重量为50kg,轮子数量为4,因此单个车轮受力为15kgf。选用铝合金作为轮毂1-1的材质,在该受力条件下,轮毂1-1的最大应力小于材料的屈服强度,最大形变量小于驱动电机2和轮毂内腔1-1-3的间隙,满足材料的强度和形变要求。
所述内置减速器和驱动电机的车轮整体通过驱动电机2的尾端的螺纹和齿圈固定架3-5的螺纹与外部连接,作为内置减速器和电机的车轮结构整体的两个支撑点,两支撑点在内置减速器和电机的车轮结构整体的最外侧,使得其呈简支梁结构的支撑,承载能力强。
Claims (9)
1.一种内置减速器和电机的车轮结构,其特征在于,包括:
车轮,与减速器相连接;
驱动电机,与减速器相连接;
减速器,两端分别连接驱动电机和车轮,将驱动电机的输出减速增扭后输入到车轮上;
所述减速器和驱动电机内置于车轮内部;所述内置减速器和电机的车轮结构的外部支撑点位于车轮结构整体的两端最外侧,呈简支梁结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车轮结构,其特征在于:车轮由轮毂和轮胎组成,所述轮毂为中空结构,横截面为偏置的“工”字形状,中间偏置设置竖直的辐条提供强度支撑;所述辐条将车轮内部的空间分成左右两个不同体积的轮毂内腔空间,分别放置驱动电机和减速器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车轮结构,其内腔由内到外内径逐步增大,提供电机和减速器安装空间的同时增加装配间隙;轮毂外圆柱表面有凹槽用于粘接轮胎。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车轮结构,其特征在于:驱动电机为小直径、大功率的电机,其尺寸可以使其布置于车轮内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车轮结构,其特征在于:减速器采用行星减速器,包括车轮齿圈架、齿圈轴承、内齿圈、齿圈固定架、车轮行星架、外行星架、太阳齿轮、挡圈、太阳齿轮轴、电机输出轴、压片、键、行星架法兰轴承、齿圈架法兰轴承、行星齿轮轴、行星齿轮法兰轴承、行星齿轮和车轮法兰轴承等。驱动电机的电机输出轴通过压片压住位于其末端的D型轴与太阳齿轮轴相连接,太阳齿轮轴通过键与太阳齿轮共轴连接,太阳齿轮端面设置轴向约束的挡圈;外行星架、车轮行星架通过沉头螺钉与轮毂相连接,行星齿轮通过两个行星齿轮法兰轴承约束在行星齿轮轴上,行星齿轮轴连接外行星架和车轮行星架,约束行星齿轮在外行星架和车轮行星架中间运动;内齿圈、车轮齿圈架通过内六角螺钉连接到齿圈固定架上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车轮结构,内置减速器和电机的车轮结构为,车轮通过车轮法兰轴承与电机输出轴同轴约束相连,车轮齿圈架通过齿圈轴承与车轮行星架同轴约束相连,外行星架通过行星架法兰轴承与太阳齿轮轴同轴约束相连,太阳齿轮轴通过齿圈架法兰轴承与齿圈固定架同轴约束相连。
7.根据权利要求5所述的车轮结构,行星减速器以内齿圈作为固定端,以太阳齿轮作为输入端,车轮行星架作为输出端,太阳齿轮与行星齿轮啮合,行星齿轮与内齿圈啮合,太阳齿轮旋转时驱动行星齿轮在固定的内齿圈上转动前进,带动车轮行星架同轴于太阳齿轮减速输出。行星减速器的输入端外接驱动电机,输出端外接车轮,固定端作为减速器的支撑。
8.根据权利要求2所述的车轮结构,轮毂尺寸需要配合轮胎尺寸进行设计,轮毂宽度综合考虑轮胎宽度、驱动电机宽度、减速器宽度进行设计:
单条轮胎的宽度设为a,轮毂需要布置K个轮胎,因此轮毂宽度为A=ka(k为正整数);轮毂宽度A的设计需要使电机转子和减速器布置在轮毂内,
轮毂外尺寸应配合轮胎的内直径,设该直径为D;轮毂内腔最大直径为d1,最小直径为d2,驱动电机转子最大直径为d;
D>d1>d2>d;
考虑到轮毂内腔电机占用的空间较大较宽,因此轮毂电机侧的悬臂比减速器侧的悬臂长,形变量也最大,最大形变发生在轮毂电机侧悬臂的最外端;
设该处的初始间隙u=d1-d;
当轮毂受力发生形变时,间隙应始终大于零,即轮毂最大形变量u1<u。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车轮结构,轮毂设计方法通过有限元分析对轮毂的受力进行分析,选用合适的轮毂材料使其满足强度和间隙要求。
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