CN114601807A - 一种贝草清肺浓缩丸及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种贝草清肺浓缩丸及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种贝草清肺浓缩丸及制备方法和应用,它于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗肺系疾病中药浓缩丸及制备方法和应用。本发明的目的是为了寻找一种低毒的中药方剂治疗流感病毒及其变异型疾病的问题。贝草清肺浓缩丸由浙贝母、天冬、麦冬、知母、陈皮、黄芩、桑白皮、瓜蒌子、清半夏、枳壳、木蝴蝶、皂角刺、桔梗、苦杏仁和鱼腥草制成;制备方法:一、称取;二、超临界CO2萃取;三、水提取;四、制丸,得到贝草清肺浓缩丸。它用于制备治疗呼吸系统疾病的药物使用。优点:一、超临界CO2萃取法能够更有效的将鱼腥草中有效成分萃取出来;二、β‑环糊精包合技术能够提高鱼腥草挥发油的利用率。本发明主要用于制备贝草清肺浓缩丸。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗肺系疾病中药浓缩丸及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
我国北方地区冬春季,伴随着每次寒流的降临,患吸系统疾病的人数会明显增多,呼吸系统疾病是常见病,多病,据统计我国因呼吸系统疾病(不包括肺癌)死亡者居第4位(占14.08%),在农村则居第1位(占24.26%),且主要集中在冬季。呼吸系统疾病种类繁多,如肺炎、气管炎、肺气肿和哮喘、尘肺等,尤其慢性支气管炎是最常见、中老年人容易发生的病种,更重要的是常见呼吸道传染病如流感、流行性脑脊膜炎等,其病菌主要通过咳嗽、喷嚏等经飞沫、尘埃等空气传播,儿童及年老体弱人容易被传染,而且容易发生并发症,由于传播速度快、范围广病情重,给病人及其家庭带来痛苦和经济损失。
中医的肺系疾病,现代医学称之为呼吸系统疾病。临床常见的呼吸系统疾病包括急性上呼吸道感染、急慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿、肺源性心脏病、支气管哮喘、支气管扩张、肺炎、肺脓肿、肺结核、肺癌等,一般可归类于中医的感冒、咳嗽、哮证、喘证、肺胀、肺痈、肺痿、肺痨、咯血等范畴。肺系疾病是临床常见病和多发病,近年来国内外都很重视对本系统疾病诊治的研究,并取得了一定进展。国内外近年来的研究概况综述如下:
肺系疾病主要分为咳喘和肺胀两大类;咳喘包括现代医学之急慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺炎等疾病。在《从“聚于胃,关于肺”论咳嗽》一文中指出咳嗽一证,“聚于胃,关于肺”,病位在肺,多痰饮为患,根源在脾胃,故祛邪不忘固本,扶正以顾护胃气为始终,其辨治关键终不离肺胃。在《咳喘治疗之我见》一文中认为咳喘治疗中应处理好风、气、水、瘀四个致病因素,对缩短咳喘病的疗程及巩固远期疗效非常重要,包括:及早疏风利咽,重视调畅气机,调节水液,不可忽视对瘀的调治。在《咳嗽的分型辨治》一文中把咳嗽分为热邪壅肺、痰湿阻肺、脾肺气虚、肝火犯肺等进行辨治。在《辨治喘证13法》中结合临床实践,总结了辨治喘证13法:宣肺散寒平喘法、宣肺清热平喘法、泻肺涤痰平喘法、散寒清肺平喘法、解表化饮平喘法、祛痰降气平喘法、宣肺化饮平喘法、开郁降气平喘法、补肺益气平喘法、滋阴肃肺平喘法、健脾化痰平喘法、滋阴化痰平喘法和补肾纳气定喘法。肺胀主要指现代医学之慢性阻塞性肺气肿及肺源性心脏病。在《中医治疗肺胀心得》一文中指出在临床根据肺胀的不同时期、不同证候给予辨证治疗,总结为:(1)治标当分寒热、辨痰饮;(2)治本重在补肺脾肾;(3)治久病应配合活血化瘀;(4)防反复贵在守法有恒。在《肺胀证治规律探讨》一文中根据肺胀临床表现以郁、瘀、痰、水、气脱等为主,把肺胀分为8型,即痰浊郁肺、痰热郁肺、瘀血痹胸、痰热互结、痰蒙神窍、水凌心肺、水泛脾肾、肺肾气脱。在《肺胀病从肝论治体会》一文中从肝论治肺胀病收到满意疗效。其遵“治病必求于本”的原则,以肝经证候突I叶I者,治以疏肝理气、活血化瘀、养肝平肝为主,使气机调畅,肝升肺降有序,喘逆平息而肿胀消。
肺系疾病的治法分为健脾消导法、活血化瘀法、下法和宣降肺气法;在《浅谈之肺当求治脾胃》一文中对“治肺当求治脾胃”作了详细论述,认为理气补气均需求治于脾胃,寒痰、热痰均要中焦化之。因此,从中焦论治肺系疾病时需调整脾胃气机化中焦痰浊相结合。1、健脾消导法:在《肺系疾病从脾胃论治的探讨》一文中从生理与病理诸方面论述与脾胃的关系,提出肺系疾病从脾胃治疗的必要性和重性,并提出肺病从脾胃论治常用7法,即健脾化痰法、芳香脾法、健脾利水法、通腑降气法、健脾补肺法、养胃益肺法、益脾肾法。在《浅谈肺系疾病从脾论治》一文中从古代文献及现代研究两方面论述肺脾相关,提出肺系疾病可从脾论治。在《化积导滞法在小儿肺系疾病中的应用》一文中提出乳食积滞为小儿肺系系疾病的重要致病因素,在治疗中多佐以消食滞之品,能取得较好效果。2、活血化瘀法:在《活血化瘀法在肺系疾病中的应用》一文中采用补泻肺气、顺调气机、化痰痰治法同时辅以活血化瘀治疗支气管哮喘、肺源性心脏病支气管肺癌,取得良好效果。在《活血化瘀在肺系疾病中的应用》一文中指出活血化瘀法治疗肺系疾病之治疗原则为:(1)滋阴活血,理肺降气;(2)益气活血,理肺通络;(3)活血化瘀,软坚散结。3、下法:在《下法在肺疾患中的运用及体会》一文中利用清下、润下、峻下等下法,收到满意疗效。其中各种急性上呼吸道感染后慢性咳嗽,方选增液汤加旋覆代赭汤加减;慢性支气管炎伴肺部感染及各种肺炎,方选礞石滚痰丸合泻肺汤加减;肺癌及肺结核致胸腔积液,方选十枣汤、控涎丹加减;支气管扩张及肺结核致咯血,干性咯血方选增液汤合黛蛤散加减,湿性咯血方选礞石滚痰丸合千金苇茎汤加减。在《泻下法在肺系疾病中的应用举隅》一文中在辨证基础上运用泄下通便、泻下逐水之法治疗多种肺系实证疾患,如肺炎、咯血、悬饮、咳嗽等,取得较好临床效果。在《通腑泄热法在治疗肺系疾病中的运用》一文中指出大肠湿热、腑气不通,影响及肺,产生胸闷、咳喘等症,采用通腑泄热法治疗肺癌、肺气肿、支气管扩张并卡学等肺系疾病,取得一定疗效。4、宣降肺气法:在《宣降肺气镇逆法治疗顿咳》一文中用宣降肺气镇逆法治疗顿咳,疗效显著。他认为顿咳治之非宣肺,气不得开;非肃降,气无以平。肺气宣通则邪有外泄之机;肺气得降则咳逆引吐可平;气顺火消则邪痰方可自灭。在《宣降调肺法》一文中认为肺失宣降是目市脏发生病变的主要机理,治肺之要在于调整怖的宣降功能。其从调肺的代表方及药物组成中找出了宣降配伍的关系和规律:(1)病偏于表,贵在宣发:①辛温宣哺法,代表方为麻黄汤;②辛凉宣怖法,代表方为麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤;③温肺宣肺法,代表方为小青龙汤;④清燥宣肺法,代表方为清燥救肺汤。(2)病在于里,治在肃降:①清肺肃降法,代表方为泻内散;②化痰肃降法,代表方为苏子降气汤;③敛肺肃降法,代表方为九仙散;④滋润降怖法,代表方为沙参麦冬汤。(3)勿失宣中寓降,勿忘降中启宣。综上所述,当代医家或学者对肺系疾病的治疗多从宣降肺气、健睥消导、活血化瘀、攻下等方面进行论述。肺失宣降乃肺系疾病的基本病机,无论何种治法均需从肺主宣发肃降立法,所谓治肺不离宣降,宣降肺气乃肺系疾病之总治则。因此,深入研究中药方剂治疗肺病咳嗽、气管炎的机制,寻找一种低毒的中药方剂,治疗流感病毒及其变异型疾病,具有极其重要的学术价值和社会价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了寻找一种低毒的中药方剂治疗流感病毒及其变异型疾病的问题,而提出一种贝草清肺浓缩丸及制备方法和应用。
一种贝草清肺浓缩丸,它按照重量份数由50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗、50~70份苦杏仁和60~120份鱼腥草制成。
一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,具体是按以下步骤完成的:
一、称取:按照重量份数称取50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗、50~70份苦杏仁和60~120份鱼腥草;
二、超临界CO2萃取:将步骤一中称取的60~120份鱼腥草粉碎至粒度尾40目~80目,在萃取压力为10MPa~20MPa、萃取温度为30~50℃下进行超临界CO2萃取,得到鱼腥草挥发油;
三、水提取:对步骤一中称取的50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗和50~70份苦杏仁分别采用水煎煮提取法,得到浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏;
四、制丸:①、将步骤二得到的鱼腥草挥发油采用β-环糊精进行包合,所述鱼腥草挥发油与β-环糊精的质量比为1:60~120,得到环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油;②、将环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油与步骤三得到的浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏充分混合均匀,加入辅料,制丸,过40目筛,在干燥温度不应超过60℃条件下干燥,得到贝草清肺浓缩丸。
一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的应用,它用于制备治疗呼吸系统疾病的药物使用。
本发明优点:一、本发明采用超临界萃取技术对鱼腥草进行超临界CO2萃取,与现有水蒸气蒸馏法提取的鱼腥草挥发油相比,利用数据处理软件Nist ms search 2.0,分析水蒸气蒸馏法提取的鱼腥草挥发油鉴定出11个化合物,超临界CO2萃取法提取的鱼腥草挥发油鉴定出20个化合物,因此超临界CO2萃取法能够更有效的将鱼腥草中有效成分萃取出来;二、本发明采用β-环糊精包合技术,利用β-环糊精包合鱼腥草挥发油,以鱼腥草挥发油的利用率、包合物收得率和包合物含油率为考察指标,确定包合工艺,提高鱼腥草挥发油在最终产品贝草清肺浓缩丸中的利用率,避免在制丸鱼腥草挥发油损失导致产品药效降低;三、现有糖浆剂存在含蔗糖量高、不方便携带及贮存等弊端,而本发明制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸中蔗糖含量大大降低,使该产品能够针对与II型糖尿病人使用,且方便携带及贮存;四、本发明制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸能够有效提高慢性支气管炎急性发作期大鼠外周血中IgA、IgG的含量,降低慢性支气管炎急性发作期大鼠外周血中的CRP的含量。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一:本实施方式是一种贝草清肺浓缩丸,它按照重量份数由50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗、50~70份苦杏仁和60~120份鱼腥草制成。
木蝴蝶:苦泄甘和,凉而质轻,清疏升浮。既入肺经,清解热毒而利咽,又入肝、胃经,疏肝和胃而止痛。清肺热,利咽喉,止咳,止痛。用于急性咽喉炎,声音嘶哑,支气管炎,百日咳,胃痛。治咽喉肿痛,无论肺热还是风热,或兼肝胃不和者均可,尤以肺热咽痛、声音嘶哑者最佳。现代研究表明,它含有多种天然消炎成分,能消除人体内的炎症,它还能清热解下线产也能清咽润喉,平时服用以后可以预防上火,也能让人人们咽喉肿痛和口舌生疮等不良症状很快减轻。木蝴蝶中还含有一些黄芩甙元,这也是一种天然的药用成分,它们能利尿利胆也能清理血液中的胆固醇,对维持人体健康有益。
皂角刺:为豆科植物皂荚的干燥棘刺,味辛,性温,归肝、胃经,功于消肿、托毒、排脓、杀虫,主用于痈疽初起或脓成不溃,外治疥癣麻风。该药对急性咽炎临床疗效明显,有散结消肿之功,其水煎液治疗急性扁桃体炎有效率90%,大多在服药次日,体温和白细胞即下降至正常扁桃体红肿减轻。现代研究表明,皂角刺能抑制和消灭多种细菌,降低革兰氏阴性菌和星形卡奴菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌活性,对人体噬菌体也有明显抵抗作用,可调节体内的免疫系统。
本实施方式所述一种贝草清肺浓缩丸中加入木蝴蝶和皂角刺能够起到清热解毒,利咽消肿的作用;西药理论是抗炎,提高免疫力,预防咽喉肿痛和扁导体发炎的作用。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是:所述贝草清肺浓缩丸按照重量份数由60份浙贝母、30份天冬、30份麦冬、60份知母、60份陈皮、60份黄芩、30份桑白皮、60份瓜蒌子、30份清半夏、60份枳壳、35份木蝴蝶、60份皂角刺、60份桔梗、60份苦杏仁和90份鱼腥草制成。其他与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二之一不同点是:所述贝草清肺浓缩丸还包括辅料。其他与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同点是:所述辅料为可溶性淀粉。其他与具体实施方式一至三相同。
具体实施方式五:本实施方式是一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,它是按以下步骤完成的:
一、称取:按照重量份数称取50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗、50~70份苦杏仁和60~120份鱼腥草;
二、超临界CO2萃取:将步骤一中称取的60~120份鱼腥草粉碎至粒度尾40目~80目,在萃取压力为10MPa~20MPa、萃取温度为30~50℃下进行超临界CO2萃取,得到鱼腥草挥发油;
三、水提取:对步骤一中称取的50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗和50~70份苦杏仁分别采用水煎煮提取法,得到浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏;
四、制丸:①、将步骤二得到的鱼腥草挥发油采用β-环糊精进行包合,所述鱼腥草挥发油与β-环糊精的质量比为1:60~120,得到环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油;②、将环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油与步骤三得到的浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏充分混合均匀,加入辅料,制丸,过40目筛,在干燥温度不应超过60℃条件下干燥,得到贝草清肺浓缩丸。
本实施方式得到的贝草清肺浓缩丸采用独立包装,每袋10丸;用法与用量:口服。一次10丸,一日3次,特殊人群(儿童、老人或同时服用其他药物的病人)需遵循医嘱服用;注意事项:孕妇慎用;规格:每10丸相当于生药4g;贮藏:密封。
本实施方式得到的贝草清肺浓缩丸功能:清肺止咳。用于咳嗽,气管炎。
具体实施方式六:本实施方式与具体实施方式五的不同点是:步骤一中按照重量份数称取60份浙贝母、30份天冬、30份麦冬、60份知母、60份陈皮、60份黄芩、30份桑白皮、60份瓜蒌子、30份清半夏、60份枳壳、35份木蝴蝶、60份皂角刺、60份桔梗、60份苦杏仁和90份鱼腥草。其他与具体实施方式五相同。
具体实施方式七:本实施方式与具体实施方式五或六之一不同点是:步骤二中将鱼腥草粉碎至粒度尾80目,在萃取压力为15MPa、萃取温度为30℃下进行超临界CO2萃取,得到鱼腥草挥发油。其他与具体实施方式五或六相同。
具体实施方式八:本实施方式与具体实施方式五至七之一不同点是:步骤三中所述水煎煮提取法具体操作如下:①、加入8倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.25。其他与具体实施方式五至七相同。
具体实施方式九:本实施方式与具体实施方式五至八之一不同点是:步骤四①中在温度为10~30℃下将步骤二得到的鱼腥草挥发油采用β-环糊精进行搅拌包合,搅拌速度为50rpm~100rpm。其他与具体实施方式五至八相同。
具体实施方式十:本实施方式与具体实施方式五至九之一不同点是:步骤四①中在温度为15℃下将步骤二得到的鱼腥草挥发油采用β-环糊精进行搅拌包合,搅拌速度为65rpm。其他与具体实施方式五至九相同。
具体实施方式十一:本实施方式与具体实施方式五至十之一不同点是:步骤四②中所述辅料为可溶性淀粉。其他与具体实施方式五至十相同。
具体实施方式十二:本实施方式与具体实施方式十一的不同点是:所述可溶性淀粉的质量与浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏总质量的比为0.5:1.5~2.5。其他与具体实施方式十一相同。
具体实施方式十三:本实施方式是一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的应用,它用于制备治疗呼吸系统疾病的药物使用。
本实施方式所述疗呼吸系统疾病为咳嗽或气管炎。
本发明内容不仅限于上述各实施方式的内容,其中一个或几个具体实施方式的组合同样也可以实现发明的目的。
采用下述实验验证本发明效果:
实施例1:一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,它是按以下步骤完成的:
一、称取:称取60g浙贝母、30g天冬、30g麦冬、60g知母、60g陈皮、60g黄芩、30g桑白皮、60g瓜蒌子、30g清半夏、60g枳壳、35g木蝴蝶、60g皂角刺、60g桔梗、60g苦杏仁和90g鱼腥草;
二、超临界CO2萃取:将步骤一中称取的90g鱼腥草粉碎至粒度尾80目,在萃取压力为15MPa、萃取温度为30℃下进行超临界CO2萃取,得到鱼腥草挥发油;
三、水提取:对步骤一中称取的60g浙贝母、30g天冬、30g麦冬、60g知母、60g陈皮、60g黄芩、30g桑白皮、60g瓜蒌子、30g清半夏、60g枳壳、35g木蝴蝶、60g皂角刺、60g桔梗和60g苦杏仁分别采用水煎煮提取法,得到浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏;
所述浙贝母清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g浙贝母中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.24,得到浙贝母清膏;
所述天冬清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向30g天冬中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到天冬清膏;
所述麦冬清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向30g麦冬中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.21,得到麦冬清膏;
所述知母清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g知母中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到知母清膏;
所述陈皮清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g陈皮中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到陈皮清膏;
所述黄芩清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g黄芩中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.23,得到黄芩清膏;
所述桑白皮清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向30g桑白皮中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.21,得到桑白皮清膏;
所述瓜蒌子清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g瓜蒌子中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到瓜蒌子清膏;
所述清半夏清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g清半夏中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.24,得到清半夏清膏;
所述枳壳清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g枳壳中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到枳壳清膏;
所述木蝴蝶清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向35g木蝴蝶中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到木蝴蝶清膏;
所述皂角刺清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g皂角刺中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到皂角刺清膏;
所述桔梗清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g桔梗中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.21,得到桔梗清膏;
所述苦杏仁清膏具体制备过程如下:①、向60g苦杏仁中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取2h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.22,得到苦杏仁清膏;
四、制丸:①、在温度为15℃下将步骤二得到的鱼腥草挥发油采用β-环糊精进行搅拌包合,搅拌速度为65rpm,所述鱼腥草挥发油与β-环糊精的质量比为1:100,得到环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油;②、将环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油与步骤三得到的浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏充分混合均匀,加入可溶性淀粉,制丸,过40目筛,在干燥温度为50℃条件下干燥,得到贝草清肺浓缩丸;所述可溶性淀粉的质量与浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏总质量的比为0.5:1.75。
实施例2:本实施与实施例1的不同点是:步骤四①中所述鱼腥草挥发油与β-环糊精的质量比为1:80。其他与实施1相同。
实施例3:本实施与实施例1的不同点是:步骤四①中所述鱼腥草挥发油与β-环糊精的质量比为1:60。其他与实施1相同。
稳定性试验研究:
将实施例1至3制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸按照等量形式各称取1g作为实验对象,依次为实验组I(实施例1制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸)、实验组II(实施例2制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸)和实验组III(实施例3制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸);以室温稳定性试验数据为准。分别将实验组I、实验组II和实验组III于温度为37~40℃和相对湿度75%的条件下保存,除当月考察一次外,每月考核一次,连续三个月,结果如表1、表2和表3所示。
表1
表2
表3
通过表1、表2和表3可知,本发明制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸性能稳定,能够长期保存。
药效学研究:
(1)对SO2所致小鼠咳嗽的影响
取昆明种小鼠40只,健康无病,体重18~22g,按照雌雄各半随机分成4组,分别为实验组、糖浆组及阳性对照组、空白对照组,实验组服用实施例1制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸,糖浆组服用现有贝草清肺糖浆,阳性对照组服用连花清瘟颗粒,空白对照组服用等体积蒸馏水,每天1次,连续4天,末次给药1h后,将动物放入250mL广口瓶中,SO2气体(自制),加盖密封。观察小鼠咳嗽动作,记录小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期及咳嗽次数,结果如表4所示。
表4
组别 | 剂量 | 动物数(n) | 潜伏期(s) | 咳嗽次数(3mim) |
空白对照组 | ------- | 10 | 36.25±11.76 | 29.83±9.45 |
阳性对照组 | 2.34g/kg | 10 | 54.83±20.32* | 13.83±3.30** |
实验组 | 2.73g/kg | 10 | 99.58±36.79* | 8.89±3.32** |
糖浆组 | 5.85mL/kg | 10 | 89.42±34.62* | 11.58±4.23** |
与空白组比较:*p<0.05;**p<0.01。
通过表4可知,阳性对照组与空白对照组相比,服用连花清瘟颗粒后的昆明种小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期延长,且3min内咳嗽次数明显降低;糖浆组与阳性对照组相比,服用现有贝草清肺糖浆后的昆明种小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期进一步延长,且3min内咳嗽次数再次降低;实验组与糖浆组相比,服用实施例1制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸后的昆明种小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期达到99.58±36.79*s,四个组别中实验组的潜伏期最长,且3min内咳嗽次数降低至8.89±3.32**次,四个组别中实验组的咳嗽次数最低;因此本发明制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸对SO2所致小鼠咳嗽的影响不仅明显,且效果明显优越于贝草清肺糖浆和连花清瘟颗粒。
(2)祛痰作用的影响
将40只小鼠,健康无病,体重18~22g,按照雌雄各半随机分成4组,分别为实验组、糖浆组及阳性对照组、空白对照组,实验组服用实施例1制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸,糖浆组服用现有贝草清肺糖浆,阳性对照组服用连花清瘟颗粒,空白对照组服用等体积蒸馏水,每天1次,连续4天,末次给药30min后,腹腔注射0.5g/dl的酚红溶液0.1ml(5mg)/10g体重。半小时后处死动物、剥去气管周围组织,剪下自甲状腺软骨F至锁骨分支的一段气管,放进盛有2ml生理盐水的试管中.再加0.1mlNaOH,用721型分光光度计,波长546nm处测OD值,从酚红标准曲线上查出酚红的排泄量,结果如表5所示。
表5
组别 | 剂量 | 动物数(n) | 体重增重(g) | 吸光度(OD) |
空白对照组 | ------- | 10 | 2.10 | 0.063±0.023 |
阳性对照组 | 2.34g/kg | 10 | 3.31 | 0.148±0.047* |
实验组 | 2.73g/kg | 10 | 3.65 | 0.178±0.057* |
糖浆组 | 5.85mL/kg | 10 | 2.72 | 0.148±0.047* |
与空白组比较:*p<0.05。
通过表5可知,与空白对照组相比,糖浆组和阳性对照组中小鼠的体重增重增加,且吸光度提高,证明存在明显的祛痰作用,但是实验组中小鼠的体重增重最大,且吸光度最高,证明实验组的祛痰作用最好,因此本发明制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸的祛痰作用明显优越于贝草清肺糖浆和连花清瘟颗粒。
(3)对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响
取体重20g~25g健康雄性小白鼠40只,随机分为4组,每组10只;分别为实验组、糖浆组及阳性对照组、空白对照组,实验组服用实施例1制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸,糖浆组服用现有贝草清肺糖浆,阳性对照组服用连花清瘟颗粒,空白对照组服用等体积蒸馏水,每天1次,连续5天,末次给药后lh,给每鼠左耳(前后两面)涂二甲苯0.05ml向致炎,右耳作对照。致炎后30ndn后将小鼠断颈处死.沿耳廊基线剪下两耳,用8mm直径打孔器分别在厨一部位打下圆耳片,用组织天平称重。每鼠的左耳片重量减去右耳片重量即为肿胀程度。求出给肿胀抑制率,比较组间差异显著性,结果如表6所示。
表6
与空白组比较:*p<0.05;**p<0.01。
通过表6可知,与空白对照组相比,虽然阳性对照组中小鼠的耳肿胀率为四个组别中最低,证明连花清瘟颗粒对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的作用效果最好;但糖浆组和实验组中小鼠的耳肿胀率也明显降低,证明对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的也存在较为明显的影响,且糖浆组和实验组的作用效果相差不大,本发明制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀有显著的效果。
(4)对慢性支气管炎急性发作期大鼠外周血中IgA和IgG的含量的影响
选用Wistar大鼠40只,体重(200±20)g,雌雄各半,随机分为4组,每组10只。分别为实验组、糖浆组及阳性对照组、空白对照组,实验组服用实施例1制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸,糖浆组服用现有贝草清肺糖浆,阳性对照组服用连花清瘟颗粒,空白对照组服用等体积蒸馏水,实验前1周将大鼠置于实验环境中喂养,参照中国已公开文献《慢支颗粒剂的抗炎作用及慢支模型小鼠病理形态的影响》[黑龙江中医药,1998,35(6):326,作者:王伟明,佟喜勤,赵海波等]公开方法进行改良大鼠慢性支气管炎急性发作期模型的建立,于造模成功第2天起给药,每日1次,连续给药21天。灌胃结束后,空腹12h,于清晨颈动脉取血,立即3500r/min离心5min,分离血清,-20℃冻存待检。IgA、IgG含量测定:均按试剂盒说明书进行操作。统计学处理:应用方差分析,两两比较应用q检验,结果如表7所示。
表7
组别 | 剂量 | 动物数(n) | IgA | IgG |
空白对照组 | ------- | 10 | 2.15±0.61 | 11.25±4.74 |
阳性对照组 | 1.62g/kg | 10 | 2.14±0.52* | 10.38±3.64** |
实验组 | 1.89g/kg | 10 | 2.10±0.43** | 9.96±2.24** |
糖浆组 | 4.05mL/kg | 10 | 2.20±0.52** | 10.20±4.89* |
与空白组比较:*p<0.05,**p<0.01。
通过表7可知,与空白对照组相比,糖浆组和阳性对照组中大鼠的IgA和IgG均出现显著降低,证明对慢性支气管炎急性发作期大鼠外周血中IgA、IgG的含量的存在明显影响,但是实验组中大鼠的IgA和IgG达到最低,证明实验组的对慢性支气管炎急性发作期大鼠外周血中IgA和IgG的含量的影响最大,因此本发明制备的贝草清肺浓缩丸的对慢性支气管炎急性发作期大鼠外周血中IgA和IgG的含量的影响明显优越于贝草清肺糖浆和连花清瘟颗粒。
Claims (10)
1.一种贝草清肺浓缩丸,其特征在于所述贝草清肺浓缩丸按照重量份数由50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗、50~70份苦杏仁和60~120份鱼腥草制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸,其特征在于所述贝草清肺浓缩丸按照重量份数由60份浙贝母、30份天冬、30份麦冬、60份知母、60份陈皮、60份黄芩、30份桑白皮、60份瓜蒌子、30份清半夏、60份枳壳、35份木蝴蝶、60份皂角刺、60份桔梗、60份苦杏仁和90份鱼腥草制成。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,其特征在于它是按以下步骤完成的:
一、称取:按照重量份数称取50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗、50~70份苦杏仁和60~120份鱼腥草;
二、超临界CO2萃取:将步骤一中称取的60~120份鱼腥草粉碎至粒度尾40目~80目,在萃取压力为10MPa~20MPa、萃取温度为30~50℃下进行超临界CO2萃取,得到鱼腥草挥发油;
三、水提取:对步骤一中称取的50~70份浙贝母、20~40份天冬、20~40份麦冬、50~70份知母、50~70份陈皮、50~70份黄芩、20~40份桑白皮、50~70份瓜蒌子、20~40份清半夏、50~70份枳壳、20~50份木蝴蝶、50~70份皂角刺、50~70份桔梗和50~70份苦杏仁分别采用水煎煮提取法,得到浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏;
四、制丸:①、将步骤二得到的鱼腥草挥发油采用β-环糊精进行包合,所述鱼腥草挥发油与β-环糊精的质量比为1:60~120,得到环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油;②、将环糊精包合的鱼腥草挥发油与步骤三得到的天浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏充分混合均匀,加入辅料,制丸,过40目筛,在干燥温度不应超过60℃条件下干燥,得到贝草清肺浓缩丸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,其特征在于步骤一中按照重量份数称取60份浙贝母、30份天冬、30份麦冬、60份知母、60份陈皮、60份黄芩、30份桑白皮、60份瓜蒌子、30份清半夏、60份枳壳、35份木蝴蝶、60份皂角刺、60份桔梗、60份苦杏仁和90份鱼腥草。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,其特征在于步骤二中将鱼腥草粉碎至粒度尾80目,在萃取压力为15MPa、萃取温度为30℃下进行超临界CO2萃取,得到鱼腥草挥发油。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,其特征在于步骤三中所述水煎煮提取法具体操作如下:①、加入8倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣I和滤液I;②、滤渣I中加入8倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣II和滤液II;③、滤渣II中加入6倍量水,加热回流提取1h~3h,滤过,得到滤渣III和滤液III;④、合并滤液I、滤液II和滤液III,得到煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.20~1.25。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,其特征在于步骤四①中在温度为10~30℃下将步骤二得到的鱼腥草挥发油采用β-环糊精进行搅拌包合,搅拌速度为50rpm~100rpm。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,其特征在于步骤四②中所述辅料为可溶性淀粉。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的制备方法,其特征在于所述可溶性淀粉的质量与浙贝母清膏、天冬清膏、麦冬清膏、知母清膏、陈皮清膏、黄芩清膏、桑白皮清膏、瓜蒌子清膏、清半夏清膏、枳壳清膏、木蝴蝶清膏、皂角刺清膏、桔梗清膏和苦杏仁清膏总质量的比为0.5:1.5~2.5。
10.如权利要求1所述一种贝草清肺浓缩丸的应用,其特征在于贝草清肺浓缩丸用于制备治疗呼吸系统疾病的药物使用。
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