CN114601062A - Pregnant sow feed and application thereof - Google Patents
Pregnant sow feed and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114601062A CN114601062A CN202210445860.0A CN202210445860A CN114601062A CN 114601062 A CN114601062 A CN 114601062A CN 202210445860 A CN202210445860 A CN 202210445860A CN 114601062 A CN114601062 A CN 114601062A
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- pregnant
- vitamin
- sows
- feed
- sow feed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pregnant sow feed and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding. The pregnant sow feed comprises, by mass, 98% of basic daily ration and 2% of combined fibers, wherein the combined fibers comprise, by mass, 45-65% of bamboo shoot fibers, 20-35% of seaweed fibers and 10-25% of konjac flour. The pig feed provided by the invention can obviously improve insulin sensitivity of pregnant sows, promote angiogenesis of placenta, obviously improve birth weight of piglets, reduce stillbirth rate and IUGR piglet number, improve reproductive performance of sows and has good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, in particular to a pregnant sow feed and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the pig raising industry in China, genetic breeding technology and feeding management optimization become more and more mature, and the total litter size of sows is continuously increased. However, compared with the developed pig-raising countries, the pig-raising efficiency in China is still very low. In the large-scale pig raising production, the reproductive performance and the reproductive efficiency of sows are one of the key factors for determining the production level and the economic benefit of a pig farm. In the actual production process, in order to maintain the normal body condition of the sow and prevent excessive fat deposition, a feeding limitation mode is usually adopted in the gestation period so as to facilitate the movement and delivery of the sow and improve the feed intake in the lactation period, however, the feeding limitation can lead the sow to be in a hungry state for a long time, further lead to the increase of stereotypy behaviors and be not beneficial to the welfare and reproductive performance of the sow.
Meanwhile, factors such as sow placental efficiency, insulin sensitivity, intestinal microorganisms and birth traits of piglets are all related to the reproductive performance of sows, and the mode of low nutrition level and low feeding amount is generally adopted in actual production, so that negative effects are brought to the welfare of the sows, a series of phenomena such as sow placental quality reduction and piglet dysplasia are caused to a certain extent, the reproductive performance of the sows is affected, and the breeding efficiency and the economic benefit of a pig farm are further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pregnant pig feed and application thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a pregnant sow feed which comprises 98% of basic daily ration and 2% of combined fibers in percentage by mass.
Further, the combined fiber comprises, by mass, 45-65% of bamboo shoot fiber, 20-35% of seaweed fiber and 10-25% of konjac flour.
Further, the combined fiber comprises 55% of bamboo shoot fiber, 20% of seaweed fiber and 25% of konjac flour in percentage by mass.
The pregnant sow feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32.78% of corn, 10% of rice bran meal, 16.67% of broken rice, 14.5% of soybean meal (the protein content is 43%), 20% of triticale, 1.1% of stone powder, 0.96% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of sodium chloride, 0.1% of lysine, 0.05% of threonine, 0.13% of choline chloride, 0.08% of mold removing agent, 0.05% of preservative, 1.18% of premix and 2% of combined fiber.
Further, the premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine and cobalt.
The invention also provides a feeding method of pregnant sows, which comprises the following steps of feeding the sows with the feed every day:
(1) the daily feeding amount is 2 kg/head in 65-100 days of gestation;
(2) the daily feeding amount is 2.5 kg/head from 100 days of gestation to 3 days before delivery;
(3) the daily feeding amount is 2kg from 2 days before delivery, and 1kg is respectively fed at 5:30 and 17: 30.
The invention also provides application of the pregnant sow feed in improving the reproductive performance of sows.
The invention also provides application of the pregnant sow feed in improving the average birth weight of piglets.
The invention also provides application of the pregnant sow feed in improving the efficiency of the placenta of sows.
The invention also provides application of the pregnant sow feed in reducing the number of IUGR piglets.
The invention also provides application of the pregnant sow feed in reducing the stillbirth rate of pigs.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) the composite plant fiber includes bamboo shoot fiber, rhizoma Amorphophalli fiber and alginate fiber. So far, bamboo shoot fiber and alginate fiber have less research on the reproductive performance of sows. Therefore, the composite fiber is added into the daily ration of the pregnant sow to explore the influence of the composite fiber on the intestinal flora, insulin sensitivity, placental angiogenesis and reproductive performance of the pregnant sow, and the daily ration fiber with any source is selected for actual production to improve the diversity of the intestinal flora, relieve insulin resistance of the sow, improve placental vascular density and improve reproductive performance, so that data support and theoretical guidance are provided.
(2) The pregnant sow feed provided by the invention contains the combined fiber with the neutral detergent fiber of 52.98 wt%, can obviously reduce the level of hollow abdominal insulin in the serum of the sow and the HOMA-IR value, increases the placental vascular density, increases the intestinal microbial diversity and the content of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acid, obviously improves the placental efficiency, the birth weight of piglets and the litter weight uniformity, obviously reduces the death rate and IUGR number of the newborn piglets, and improves the reproductive performance of the sow.
(3) The experiment verifies that: compared with a control group, the sow fed with the pregnant sow feed provided by the invention has the advantages that the cost for producing healthy piglets is reduced by 2.6 yuan/head, and the loss caused by ineffective piglets of each sow is reduced by 450 yuan. The pregnant sow feed provided by the invention has good economic benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity assessment where a is the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) graph, B is the total AUC area in GTT, C is the HOMA-IR value, D is Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), E is the insulin level (FPI), F is the glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1C), G is the advanced glycation end product (AGE), data are presented as mean ± standard error, n is 6, different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
Figure 2 is a graph of the effect of different ration feeding on placental vascular density, wherein a is HE staining to detect placental vascular density, black arrows are vessels (bar 50um), B is placental vascular density statistics (n 8), C is the result of western blot (western blot) gel electrophoresis, and D is VEGF-a and CD31 protein expression levels (n 6); different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fig. 3 is a dilution curve with sows as experimental units (n ═ 5), the abscissa is the number of randomly drawn sequences, and the ordinate is the number of OUT sequences that can be constructed based on the number of sequences sequenced.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of different ration feeding on the fecal microflora of sows in terms of test units (n ═ 5) for sows, where A is the Unifrac distance PCoA analysis, the abscissa represents one principal component, the ordinate represents another principal component, the percentage represents the contribution of that component to the difference in samples, B is the histogram of gate level relative abundance, the abscissa is the name of the sample, the ordinate is the relative abundance, Others is the sum of the relative abundances of the gates except 15 gates in the graph, C is the Shannon index, and D is the Chao1 index; different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
FIG. 5 shows the feeding effect of different dietsThermographic analysis of the Spearman correlation between varying sow gut microbiota and metabolic parameters, where a is a significant modification of the genus dietetic treatment and the different letters indicate significant differences (P)<0.05). B is a Spearman correlation between the genus Microbacterium, the bacterial diversity, insulin resistance and placental vascular Density,*indicating significant correlation (P)<0.05)
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including but not limited to.
The percentages in the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, by mass.
The reagents, methods and equipment used in the invention are all conventional in the technical field, unless otherwise specified.
The reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified, and among them, bamboo shoot fiber, alginate fiber and konjac flour are purchased from shark group in mansion.
Example 1 preparation of feed for pregnant sows
The percentages in this example are calculated by mass.
Preparing raw materials: 32.78% of corn, 10% of rice bran meal, 16.67% of broken rice, 14.5% of soybean meal (the protein content is 43%), 20% of triticale, 2% of combined fiber, 1.1% of stone powder, 0.96% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of sodium chloride, 0.05% of threonine, 0.1% of lysine, 0.13% of choline chloride, 0.05% of mildew removing agent, 0.08% of preservative and 1.18% of premix;
the composite fiber comprises 55% of bamboo shoot fiber, 20% of seaweed fiber and 25% of konjac flour in percentage by mass.
The mildew removing agent is sodium diacetate;
the preservative is sodium benzoate;
the premix of 1kg of the preparation raw materials comprises 12000IU of vitamin A and 12000IU of vitamin D34800IU, vitamin C200 mg, vitamin E205 mg, vitamin K3.6 mg, and vitamin B13.6mg of vitamin B212mg of vitamin B67.2mg of vitamin B120.048mg, 30.0mg of pantothenic acid, 48.0mg of nicotinic acid, 8.6mg of folic acid, 0.6mg of biotin, 10.0mg of copper, 130mg of iron, 60mg of zinc, 45mg of manganese, 0.3mg of iodine and 0.1mg of cobalt.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation raw materials are uniformly mixed to obtain the pregnant sow feed.
The combined fiber is plant polysaccharide which can not be digested and absorbed by digestive tract and can only be fermented by intestinal microorganisms, and has important nutrition and health care functions. In the aspect of sow nutrition, the combined fiber can be added in the gestation period, so that the satiety of the sow is improved, the stereotypy of the sow is reduced, the oxidative stress of the sow is relieved, and the breeding efficiency of the sow is improved. It is noted that the source and the level of the added combined fiber are different in the gestation period of the sow, and the effect is different. Therefore, the combined fiber with proper level is an ideal nutrition regulator for pregnant sows.
Example 2 Effect of different pregnant sow diets on sow reproductive performance and piglets
1. Test animal
The test selects healthy Du-Chang-Dai-Sanza sows, the test site is Shanjiazhai breeding farm of Xinxing agriculture and animal husbandry Limited company in Wannian county of Shangxi province, and feeding, breeding conditions and the like are carried out according to the conventional conditions and under the same conditions.
2. Test processing and grouping
On 65 days of gestation, 90 sows are selected according to body weight and backfat and divided into 2 groups randomly, namely a blank control group (CON) and a test group (COM). Each group of 45 sows, each sow 1 repeat, single-column feeding. The placebo group was fed with basal diet, the test group was fed with the feed for pregnant sows of example 1, and the feeding period of the test diet was 65 days of gestation-parturition. The composition of the feed is shown in table 1, and the feeding mode is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 feed composition and nutritional level
TABLE 2 pregnant sow feeding mode
3. Influence of different daily ration feeding on sow reproductive performance and piglet growth performance
3.1 data processing and analysis
Data analysis was entered into 90 sows. Statistical analysis was performed for one replicate per sow. After the test data are arranged by Excel software, single-factor variance analysis is carried out by an SPSS program, wherein the piglet growth performance adopts mixed model variance for data analysis. All data were examined for normality and were analyzed by Kruskal-wallis for test analysis if they did not conform to normal distribution. If the difference is significant, Duncan's multiple comparison is performed, and the dead fetus rate is tested by chi-square method. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, 0.05 < P < 0.10 with statistically variable trend,abthe different letters represent significant differences (P)<0.05). Mapping was done with GraphPad Prism 8 software.
3.2 test results
The effective sample amount statistics of each stage of the sow are shown in the table 3. From 109 days of pregnancy, 1 sow and 0 sow are respectively eliminated in each group due to sow diseases, nonpregnant abortion and the like.
TABLE 3 statistical information table of effective sample amount of each stage of sow
(1) Effect of different gestation diets on sow body weight and backfat
The effect of different gestation diets on sow body weight and backfat, from 65d gestation to delivery, is shown in table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the addition of wheat aleurone layer powder at different levels to the pregnant diets had no significant effect on both sow body weight and backfat (P > 0.05).
TABLE 4 shadow of different gestation diets on sow body weight and backfat
(2) Effect of different gestation diets on sow farrowing Performance
The effect of different pregnant diets on the farrowing performance of sows is shown in table 5 after 65d gestation-delivery. As can be seen from table 5, farrowing performance of the control group and the test group-treated sows were compared. The number born alive litter size was not significantly different (P >0.05), different gestational diets had no significant effect on placenta weight and litter weight average (P >0.05), but the experimental group piglets had a higher birth weight than the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the placenta efficiency of the test group is highest (P <0.05), and the stillbirth rate of piglets is lowest (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the number of IUGR piglets in the test group is obviously reduced (P <0.05), and the vitality of the piglets is obviously higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). The coefficient of variation within the test group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The distribution of the newborn piglets is calculated, and compared with a control group, the proportion of the piglets with low birth weight (the newborn weight is less than or equal to 1.2kg, and P is less than 0.05) is obviously reduced in a test group, and the proportion of the piglets with high birth weight (the newborn weight is more than or equal to 1.5kg, and P is less than 0.05) is improved in a test group.
TABLE 5 influence of different gestation diets on farrowing performance in sows and piglet growth performance
Note: different letters indicate significant differences between groups.
From the test results, the weight and backfat of the sows fed with the daily ration of the control group and the test group have no obvious influence. But the control group obviously reduces the stillbirth rate of the sow, improves the birth weight average, the litter weight uniformity and the placenta efficiency of the piglet and reduces the number of IUGR piglets.
(3) Influence of different pregnant diets on economic benefit of pregnant sows
The influence of the pregnant sow fed with different pregnant diets on the economic benefit is shown in Table 6. As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the control group, the cost of healthy piglets for the sows in the test group is reduced by 2.6 yuan/head, and the loss of invalid piglets for each sow is reduced by 450 yuan.
TABLE 6 influence of different pregnant diets on the economic benefit of pregnant sows
4. Influence of different daily ration feeding on insulin sensitivity of sows
4.1 sample Collection and testing methods
Selecting 6 sows in each group, collecting fasting blood on the day of 100 days of gestation, collecting 5ml blood sample in auricular vein, collecting in 5ml common blood collection tubes, centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 3000r/min, collecting supernatant, subpackaging in 0.5ml centrifuge tubes, labeling each tube, and storing in-20 deg.C refrigerator.
Intravenous glucose tolerance (GTT) test at ear margin: namely 100 days of gestation, 12 sows which have been subjected to fasting blood sampling are selected to carry out marginal intravenous glucose tolerance test. After the sows had fasted overnight, fasting blood was first collected as a basal control. The blood samples were assayed for glucose concentration in each plasma sample using a glucose test kit, and for insulin concentration in plasma samples using a porcine insulin kit. A 50% glucose solution was injected through the auricular vein within 2-4 minutes, blood glucose was measured 15, 30, 60, 120min after the injection of glucose, respectively, and the injection amount of the 50% glucose solution was calculated from 0.5g/kg body weight, and blood glucose at the terminal of the auricular vein was measured by a glucometer (Bowe et al, 2014). The glucose concentration in each plasma sample was determined using a glucose test kit, and the insulin concentration in plasma samples was determined using a porcine insulin kit.
HOMA value: fasting plasma glucose concentration is determined by using a glucose dehydrogenase activity colorimetric assay kit, and plasma insulin level is determined by using a hypersensitive swine insulin ELISA kit.
The determination of glucose and insulin concentrations, fasting plasma glucose concentration, and plasma insulin levels in plasma samples were performed according to the kit instructions.
4.2 data processing and analysis
The experimental data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance using SPSS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P <0.05 indicating significant variability and P <0.01 indicating very significant variability.
4.3 test results
The results of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity assessment are shown in figure 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the control group and the test group have no influence on blood glucose values in the GTT test in each group, and the AUC of glucose at 0-120 min has no significant difference. However, the fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR value of the control group are higher than those of the test group (P <0.05), and HbA1C and AGEs of the test group are significantly lower than those of the control group (P <0.05) when the fasting plasma samples of the sows are measured.
5. Effect of different daily feed feeding on sow placenta angiogenesis
5.1 sample Collection and testing methods
And on the day of delivery, after the amniotic fluid is cracked, before the newborn piglet delivers the unbroken umbilical cord, tying a cotton thread with the same number at a position 5-10 cm away from the piglet, cutting off the umbilical cord, and marking the same number on the back of the piglet by using a permanent marker pen. After the marked placenta is delivered, cutting off the umbilical cord at the base of the umbilical cord, cutting off a connecting tie membrane between a placental membrane and the placenta, weighing the placenta mass, and then carrying out the subsequent collection step. Each placenta was dissected along a large curvature (relative to the umbilical cord-placenta junction), then the placenta was turned upside down, making the umbilical cord-placenta junction the center of the dissected placenta, and tissue specimens (2 x 2cm) were collected at four different locations, two at the umbilical cord-placenta junction and two at the periphery of the chorionic sac. Samples were fixed in 4 wt% formaldehyde solution for at least 24 hours (Konig et al, 2021) for vascular morphology analysis. Two placental samples were collected at the umbilical cord-placenta junction, stored in liquid nitrogen and subsequently stored in a-80 ℃ freezer for subsequent molecular biological analysis related to vascular development.
5.2 data processing and analysis
The experimental data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance using SPSS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P <0.05 indicating significant variability and P <0.01 indicating very significant variability. Mapping was done by GraphPadPrism 8 software.
5.3 test results
Effect of different daily feed feeding on placental vascular density in sows as shown in figure 2, HE staining showed vascularity in placental tissue. Placental vascular density as shown in figure 3B, the vascular density was significantly increased in the test group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the test group showed significantly increased abundance of VEGF-a and CD31 proteins (fig. 2) compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
6. Influence of different daily ration feeding on intestinal flora and metabolites thereof of pregnant sows
6.1 sample Collection and testing methods
During 102 days of gestation, 5 sows in each group were collected with sterile 10ml centrifuge tubes, 100g of fresh feces were stored in liquid nitrogen, and continuous 3 days of harvest were carried out.
Stool samples were thawed on wet ice and then 0.5g of stool sample was placed into a centrifuge tube containing 1mL of distilled water. And the mixture was thoroughly homogenized by vortexing for 1 minute. After heating in an ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes, the mixture was centrifuged at 13000r/min for 10 minutes to obtain a supernatant. The supernatant was poured into a new 2mL centrifuge tube, 20. mu.L of 25 wt% metaphosphoric acid and 0.25g anhydrous sodium sulfate were added, vortexed for 1min and mixed well, 1mL methyl t-butyl ether was added (fume hood operation), the mixture was thoroughly homogenized by vortexing for 5 min, and centrifuged at 13000r/min for 5 min. The upper methyl tert-butyl ether extract was collected (operating in a fume hood). Filtering with 0.22um microporous membrane, and adding into sample bottle with liner tube for detection.
Bacterial total DNA was extracted from fecal samples using a DNA extraction kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. The concentration and purity of the DNA was determined using a microspectrophotometer. When the ratio of the absorbance 260/280 is 1.7 to 1.9, the extracted DNA is considered to be usable. A16S rRNAV3-V4 hypervariable region is amplified by using total DNA as a template and designing a 16S rRNA gene PCR primer. An Operation Taxonomy Unit (OTU) refers to a unified flag manually set for a certain taxonomy unit. The joined labels are clustered into OTUs using USEARCH software, typically clustering with a similarity greater than 97% into one OTU.
After obtaining the OTU sequence, the species labeling comparison of the OTU sequence and the Greenenges database is carried out by using RDP classifier software, and the confidence coefficient is 0.8. And (3) filtering the annotation result: the OUT with no annotated result and not belonging to the analyzed item is deleted. And subsequent analysis is performed.
6.2 data processing and analysis
After the Excel software was arranged, the single-factor analysis of variance was performed with the SPSS program. All data were examined for normality and were analyzed by Kruskal-wallis for test analysis if they did not conform to normal distribution. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P <0.05 indicating significant variability and P <0.01 indicating very significant variability. Mapping was done by GraphPadPrism 8 software.
6.3 test results
As shown in table 7, the test group significantly increased the content of acetic acid and total short chain fatty acids (P <0.05) in feces compared to the control group, whereas the content of propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid did not significantly change between the control group and the test group.
TABLE 7 Effect of different diets feeding on short chain fatty acids in sow faeces
Note: different letters indicate significant differences between groups.
The dilution curve based on the whole sample as shown in fig. 3 shows: with the increase of the sequencing times, the curve tends to be flat and keeps a certain level, which indicates that the sequencing quantity is saturated, and the species abundance and uniformity of the currently tested sample are higher and are asymptotically reasonable. In the PCoA analysis chart (fig. 4A), the control group and the test group were found to have a significant separability, indicating that there was a significant difference between the two groups of flora structures. The relative abundance of phylum levels in the feces of sows during gestation is shown in figure 4B. On the phylum level, the dominant bacterial flora of each treatment is firmicutes (53.06% -58.89%), eurycota (15.61% -26.90%), bacteroidetes (7.30% -10.34%), proteoidees (3.50% -5.28%) and spirochetes (0.56% -4.00%).
To assess fecal microbe alpha diversity, Shannon and Chao1 indices were calculated for this experiment as shown in figure 4C, D. The test group significantly improved the Chao1 index.
To determine the species differences between the different groups, the species with the top thirty genera were selected for statistical analysis (fig. 5), and the results showed that the species with significant differences between the two groups were Lactobacillus, Treponema, terrispobacter, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, respectively. Then, the five different bacteria are subjected to correlation analysis (figure 5) on the microbial diversity index, the total short-chain fatty acid, the insulin sensitivity index, the placenta vascular density and the farrowing performance (piglet vitality, piglet birth weight, placenta efficiency and stillbirth rate) detected by the test, and the results show that the Lactobacillus has a significant positive correlation (P <0.05) with the placenta vascular density, the placenta efficiency and the piglet birth weight. There was a significant positive correlation of Treponema with the Shannon index (P < 0.05). The Ruminococcus has a significant positive correlation (P <0.05) with the placental vascular density, total short-chain fatty acid and acetate content and a significant negative correlation (P <0.05) with the HOMA-IR value. Clostridium has a significant negative correlation with Chaos1 index and placental vascular density (P < 0.05).
The test result shows that the pregnant sow feed of the test group can improve the birth weight and the placenta efficiency of piglets and reduce the number of IUGR piglets and the stillbirth rate. This is probably because the functional fiber can increase the diversity of the flora and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus, increase the content of acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids, thereby increasing insulin sensitivity of sows and improving placental function. In addition, economic benefit analysis shows that the cost of producing healthy piglets for each sow is reduced by feeding the sows in the test group, and the loss caused by invalid piglets is reduced.
The results show that the pregnant sow feed can obviously improve the birth weight average and the placenta efficiency of piglets and reduce the number of IUGR piglets and the stillbirth rate.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The pregnant sow feed is characterized by comprising 98% of basic ration and 2% of combined fiber in percentage by mass.
2. The pregnant sow feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combined fiber comprises 45-65% by mass of bamboo shoot fiber, 20-35% by mass of alginate fiber and 10-25% by mass of konjac flour.
3. The feed for pregnant sows as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed for pregnant sows comprises the following components in mass percent: 32.78% of corn, 10% of rice bran meal, 16.67% of broken rice, 14.5% of soybean meal, 20% of triticale, 1.1% of stone powder, 0.96% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4% of sodium chloride, 0.1% of lysine, 0.05% of threonine, 0.13% of choline chloride, 0.08% of mildew removing agent, 0.05% of preservative, 1.18% of premix and 2% of combined fiber.
4. The pregnant sow feed of claim 3, wherein the premix includes vitamin A, vitamin D3Vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K and vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin B6Vitamin B12Pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, and cobalt.
5. A feeding method for pregnant sows, which is characterized in that the feed for pregnant sows as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is fed daily, and comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding the infant for 65-100 days of gestation with a daily feeding amount of 2 kg/head;
(2) the daily feeding amount is 2.5 kg/head from 100 days of gestation to 3 days before delivery;
(3) the daily feeding amount is 2kg from 2 days before delivery, and 1kg is respectively fed at 5:30 and 17: 30.
6. Use of a pregnant sow feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for improving reproductive performance of a sow.
7. Use of a pregnant sow feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for increasing the average birth weight of piglets.
8. Use of a pregnant sow feed according to any one of claims 1-4 for increasing the placental efficiency of sows.
9. Use of a pregnant sow feed according to any one of claims 1-4 for reducing the number of IUGR piglets.
10. Use of a pregnant sow feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for reducing the mortality rate of pigs.
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