CN114600720A - 一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法,通过合理的育秧和大田栽培管理,使得水稻在整个生长周期开始就具有良好的长势,在分蘖期和孕穗拔节生长快速,为获得长穗、实粒提高保证,获得高产水稻,本高产水稻株型紧凑,叶片挺直,芽鞘叶鞘绿色,稃尖紫色、无芒,茎秆粗壮有弹性,生长清秀,分蘖力强,后期生长健壮,成熟时秆青籽黄,熟期转色好,抽穗历期较长。全生育期136.6天,株高112.4cm左右,穗长25.9cm,亩有效穗19万每亩,每穗总粒数220粒,结实率87%,千粒重27.1克。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水稻栽培方法,更具体的说涉及一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法。
背景技术
水稻是我国主要的粮食作物之一,我国有2/3的人口以稻米为主食。在我国大部分地区,水稻多以一季为主,一季水稻相较于早晚两季水稻,种植周期和生长周期更长,更利于高产种植和管理,能够获得口感更好更高产的水稻,在我国水稻种植中占据主要地位。现有技术中,一季中籼杂交水稻在种植中,易出现施肥过量导致倒伏和空穗现象,或施肥不足导致穗短等问题,均影响其产量,不能很好的发挥一季水稻的种植优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法。
本发明技术方案一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)晒种:在白天最高温度不高于22°的气温条件下,将稻种置于通风良好且干燥位置进行薄摊晾晒1-2天;
(2)浸种催芽:采用复合浸种剂浸泡稻种,稻种全部淹没在复合浸种液中5-15小时后捞起;然后直接采用日浸夜露法进行催芽2-3天,露白即进行播种;
(3)育秧:采用旱育秧:首先翻耕育秧旱田,反复翻耕和破碎育秧旱田土壤至少20cm深,直至土壤无结块,然后平整旱田;再在平整的旱田表面覆盖营养土2-3厘米,然后将育秧盘整齐平铺在营养土表面;向育秧盘内洒种,每一种坑内确保5-8粒稻种;最后,在育秧盘上覆盖无结块的素土2-3厘米,利用平土器将土平整且轻压实;
秧田管理:在秧盘上覆膜,覆两层膜,薄膜四周用土壤覆盖压实,薄膜距离秧盘表面高度不小于30厘米;在秧苗全部破土后,每日早晨9点前揭开薄膜,使得秧盘和旱田通气,秧苗透气见光;每日傍晚17-18时前盖膜;
若白天温度高于20°且有3小时以上阳光时,在下午12-14时进行补水,向秧盘上喷洒水雾,至秧盘表面土壤微湿润即可;若遇雨天或风力较大时,及时盖膜,雨停及时揭膜;
在秧苗破土后一周以上且生长至二叶伸展期时开始施肥,每10平方米用0.5公斤尿素、0.8公斤过磷酸钙兑水溶解,用喷壶喷出水雾状向秧盘喷出;施肥完成后及时用清水淋苗;在进入三叶伸展期后,立即再次进行一次施肥;
(4)大田栽培:
整田:翻耕晒垡,耕深20-30厘米,翻耕前施足基肥,使土肥均匀混合;施磷量10-12公斤/亩,施氮肥量5-7公斤/亩,施钾肥量2-3公斤/亩;
移栽插秧:实行宽行窄株,定量控苗,行距26-28厘米,株距13-15厘米,栽插1.3-1.5万穴/亩,每穴1-2珠苗;栽插深度1-1.5寸;
施肥:移栽插秧后5-7天追施分蘖肥,施氮肥量2-3公斤/亩,施钾肥量1-2.5公斤/亩;在孕穗拔节前期,施加拔节肥,施氮肥量3-6公斤/亩,施钾肥量2-3公斤/亩;
管水:全大田栽培生长周期内采用浅、湿、干、间歇的灌溉方式,返青期浅水,分蘖前期浅水湿润交替,全田总苗数达到预定穗数80%时晒田,拔节孕穗至抽穗扬花期以浅水为主,抽穗扬花期田间整期蓄水,灌浆至成熟期干湿交替,收获前一周断水晒穗;每次灌水后,自然落干,田面水层耗尽时再上进行下一次灌水;
治虫、病害:采用一药兼治或多药一次施用兼治方式进行。
优选地,所述复合浸种剂为泡腾片片剂,按重量份数计,包括有:苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂0.08份、25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂0.08份、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.16份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、聚乙二醇2.5份、硫氢化钠0.25份、碳酸钠18份、酒石酸60份,制成重量为0.05-0.07克/片的片剂,在使用时,每片兑水1-1.5升。
优选地,所述营养土为素土与干燥农家肥混合而成。
本发明技术方案的一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法的有益效果是:通过合理的育秧和大田栽培管理,使得水稻在整个生长周期开始就具有良好的长势,在分蘖期和孕穗拔节生长快速,为获得长穗、实粒提高保证,获得高产。
具体实施方式
为便于本领域技术人员理解本发明技术方案,现结合说明书实施例对本发明技术方案做进一步的说明。
本发明技术方案一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)晒种:在白天最高温度不高于22°的气温条件下,将稻种置于通风良好且干燥位置进行薄摊晾晒1-2天;用以提高种子的发芽率和发芽后长势,同时也利用紫外线中短波光照对种子进行杀菌和消毒。
(2)浸种催芽:采用复合浸种剂浸泡稻种,稻种全部淹没在复合浸种液中5-15小时后捞起;然后直接采用日浸夜露法进行催芽2-3天,露白即进行播种。
所述复合浸种剂为泡腾片片剂,按重量份数计,包括有:苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂0.08份、25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂0.08份、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.16份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、聚乙二醇2.5份、硫氢化钠0.25份、碳酸钠18份、酒石酸60份,制成重量为0.05-0.07克/片的片剂,在使用时,每片兑水1-1.5升。
通过浸种,促进种子早发芽,同时,对种子内的病菌进行杀死,再有,浸种剂大量附着在种子上,使得种子在育秧过程中具有良好的抗病抗菌和抗虫害的作用,确保了种子的发芽率。
(3)育秧:采用旱育秧:首先翻耕育秧旱田,反复翻耕和破碎育秧旱田土壤至少20cm深,直至土壤无结块,然后平整旱田,便于后续育秧盘的摆放,使得育秧中育秧盘内稻种均能够接触下部的土壤,提高发芽率。再在平整的旱田表面覆盖营养土2-3厘米,所述营养土为素土与干燥农家肥混合而成。然后将育秧盘整齐平铺在营养土表面,使得置于育秧盘内稻种发芽后,根须向下进入营养土上,吸收营养土内营养物质,确保秧苗长势。向育秧盘内洒种,每一种坑内确保5-8粒稻种。最后,在育秧盘上覆盖无结块的素土2-3厘米,利用平土器将土平整且轻压实,平整,避免出现局部无覆盖或局部堆土问题。
秧田管理:在秧盘上覆膜,覆两层膜,薄膜四周用土壤覆盖压实,薄膜距离秧盘表面高度不小于30厘米,确保稻种发芽所需氧气,同时也通过薄膜形成的空间,增加保温度,提高晚间秧盘上温度,确保稻种发芽率。在秧苗全部破土后,每日早晨9点前揭开薄膜,使得秧盘和旱田通气,秧苗透气见光,确保秧苗生长。每日傍晚17-18时前盖膜,对秧苗进行保温。
若白天温度高于20°且有3小时以上阳光时,在下午12-14时进行补水,向秧盘上喷洒水雾,至秧盘表面土壤微湿润即可。若遇雨天或风力较大时,及时盖膜,雨停及时揭膜。
在秧苗破土后一周以上且生长至二叶伸展期时开始施肥,每10平方米用0.5公斤尿素、0.8公斤过磷酸钙兑水溶解,用喷壶喷出水雾状向秧盘喷出。施肥完成后及时用清水淋苗;在进入三叶伸展期后,立即再次进行一次施肥。及时施加秧肥,促进秧苗生长,提高大田移栽存货存活率。
(4)大田栽培:
整田:翻耕晒垡,耕深20-30厘米,翻耕前施足基肥,使土肥均匀混合;施磷量10-12公斤/亩,施氮肥量5-7公斤/亩,施钾肥量2-3公斤/亩。施足磷肥,确保土壤肥力。
移栽插秧:确保育秧期在30-35天后开始移栽,实行宽行窄株,定量控苗,行距26-28厘米,株距13-15厘米,栽插1.3-1.5万穴/亩,每穴1-2珠苗;栽插深度1-1.5寸;扩大行距,缩小株距,改善通风和光照条件,减轻病虫危害。有利于增大穗长和结实。
施肥:移栽插秧后5-7天追施分蘖肥,施氮肥量2-3公斤/亩,施钾肥量1-2.5公斤/亩;施分蘖肥,促进稻禾生长,提高产量。在孕穗拔节前期,施加拔节肥,施氮肥量3-6公斤/亩,施钾肥量2-3公斤/亩;追加穗肥,提高结实率。
管水:全大田栽培生长周期内采用浅、湿、干、间歇的灌溉方式,返青期浅水,分蘖前期浅水湿润交替,全田总苗数达到预定穗数80%时晒田,拔节孕穗至抽穗扬花期以浅水为主,抽穗扬花期田间整期蓄水,灌浆至成熟期干湿交替,收获前一周断水晒穗;每次灌水后,自然落干,田面水层耗尽时再上进行下一次灌水。治虫、病害:采用一药兼治或多药一次施用兼治方式进行。
经过本发明技术方案一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法栽种的水稻,株型紧凑,叶片挺直,芽鞘叶鞘绿色,稃尖紫色、无芒,茎秆粗壮有弹性,生长清秀,分蘖力强,后期生长健壮,成熟时秆青籽黄,熟期转色好,抽穗历期较长。全生育期136.6天,株高112.4cm左右,穗长25.9cm,亩有效穗19万每亩,每穗总粒数220粒,结实率87%,千粒重27.1克。
本发明技术方案在上面结合实施例对发明进行了示例性描述,显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制,只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性改进,或未经改进将发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)晒种:在白天最高温度不高于22°的气温条件下,将稻种置于通风良好且干燥位置进行薄摊晾晒1-2天;
(2)浸种催芽:采用复合浸种剂浸泡稻种,稻种全部淹没在复合浸种液中5-15小时后捞起;然后直接采用日浸夜露法进行催芽2-3天,露白即进行播种;
(3)育秧:采用旱育秧:首先翻耕育秧旱田,反复翻耕和破碎育秧旱田土壤至少20cm深,直至土壤无结块,然后平整旱田;再在平整的旱田表面覆盖营养土2-3厘米,然后将育秧盘整齐平铺在营养土表面;向育秧盘内洒种,每一种坑内确保5-8粒稻种;最后,在育秧盘上覆盖无结块的素土2-3厘米,利用平土器将土平整且轻压实;
秧田管理:在秧盘上覆膜,覆两层膜,薄膜四周用土壤覆盖压实,薄膜距离秧盘表面高度不小于30厘米;在秧苗全部破土后,每日早晨9点前揭开薄膜,使得秧盘和旱田通气,秧苗透气见光;每日傍晚17-18时前盖膜;
若白天温度高于20°且有3小时以上阳光时,在下午12-14时进行补水,向秧盘上喷洒水雾,至秧盘表面土壤微湿润即可;若遇雨天或风力较大时,及时盖膜,雨停及时揭膜;
在秧苗破土后一周以上且生长至二叶伸展期时开始施肥,每10平方米用0.5公斤尿素、0.8公斤过磷酸钙兑水溶解,用喷壶喷出水雾状向秧盘喷出;施肥完成后及时用清水淋苗;在进入三叶伸展期后,立即再次进行一次施肥;
(4)大田栽培:
整田:翻耕晒垡,耕深20-30厘米,翻耕前施足基肥,使土肥均匀混合;施磷量10-12公斤/亩,施氮肥量5-7公斤/亩,施钾肥量2-3公斤/亩;
移栽插秧:实行宽行窄株,定量控苗,行距26-28厘米,株距13-15厘米,栽插1.3-1.5万穴/亩,每穴1-2珠苗;栽插深度1-1.5寸;
施肥:移栽插秧后5-7天追施分蘖肥,施氮肥量2-3公斤/亩,施钾肥量1-2.5公斤/亩;在孕穗拔节前期,施加拔节肥,施氮肥量3-6公斤/亩,施钾肥量2-3公斤/亩;
管水:全大田栽培生长周期内采用浅、湿、干、间歇的灌溉方式,返青期浅水,分蘖前期浅水湿润交替,全田总苗数达到预定穗数80%时晒田,拔节孕穗至抽穗扬花期以浅水为主,抽穗扬花期田间整期蓄水,灌浆至成熟期干湿交替,收获前一周断水晒穗;每次灌水后,自然落干,田面水层耗尽时再上进行下一次灌水;
治虫、病害:采用一药兼治或多药一次施用兼治方式进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法,其特征在于,所述复合浸种剂为泡腾片片剂,按重量份数计,包括有:苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂0.08份、25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂0.08份、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.16份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5份、聚乙二醇2.5份、硫氢化钠0.25份、碳酸钠18份、酒石酸60份,制成重量为0.05-0.07克/片的片剂,在使用时,每片兑水1-1.5升。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种一季中籼杂交水稻的高产栽培方法,其特征在于,所述营养土为素土与干燥农家肥混合而成。
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