CN114594587B - Optical imaging system for ultraviolet night-time - Google Patents
Optical imaging system for ultraviolet night-time Download PDFInfo
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- CN114594587B CN114594587B CN202011415327.7A CN202011415327A CN114594587B CN 114594587 B CN114594587 B CN 114594587B CN 202011415327 A CN202011415327 A CN 202011415327A CN 114594587 B CN114594587 B CN 114594587B
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- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000825 ultraviolet detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0804—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/0808—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0892—Catadioptric systems specially adapted for the UV
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The optical imaging system for the ultraviolet night-time, disclosed by the disclosure, is characterized in that a primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to a secondary mirror; the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the prism grating or the imaging filter; the light is filtered by the prismatic grating scattering or imaging filter and then transmitted to the correcting lens by the prismatic grating or the imaging filter; after correcting the aberration of the parallel light beam, the correcting lens images the parallel light beam on an area array detector; the parallel light beam is subjected to prismatic dispersion, aberration is corrected by a correcting lens, and then the parallel light beam is imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectrum image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, and then the parallel light beams are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of an observation target. The method can realize large-view-field ultraviolet night-viewing observation based on the mode of combining target imaging and spectrum imaging, and has the advantages of small volume, high precision and simple light path.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultraviolet astronomical detection, and particularly relates to an optical imaging system for ultraviolet inspection.
Background
The ultraviolet astronomical observation instrument is a main method for researching the evolution of the astronomical system and is a hotspot of current international astronomical observation research. The ultraviolet spectrum of celestial bodies can be used to study the chemical composition, density and temperature of the interplanetary medium, as well as the temperature and composition of high temperature young stars. The information of the evolution of the asteroid can also be known from uv observations. The ultraviolet band observation celestial body has great difference from the visible light and infrared observation. Many stars that are relatively low in visible and infrared observations show high Wen Tianti in ultraviolet observations, especially stars that are early or late in the evolution stage. Far ultraviolet/near ultraviolet band observations are important for central star studies of early stars (including O, B, A type stars), white dwarf stars and planetary clouds, because these types of stars exhibit the strongest radiation in the ultraviolet region, and are similar to the sun in terms of the importance of ultraviolet detection of late stars (including F, G, K and M types, etc.), ultraviolet observations being the means necessary to study the sun's color spheres and starring and the transition layers between them.
The ultraviolet astronomical research has important scientific significance and application value, and the ultraviolet inspection astronomical spectrum imaging and imaging instrument can study astronomical evolution, interplanetary gas components and important astronomical phenomena in universe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides an optical imaging system for ultraviolet sky patrol, can realize the observation of ultraviolet sky patrol based on a mode of combining target imaging and spectrum imaging, and has the advantages of small volume, high precision and simple light path.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the present invention provides an optical imaging system for ultraviolet light, the system comprising: the system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a prism, an imaging filter, a correction lens and an area array detector;
the primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror;
the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the prism grating or the imaging filter; the light is filtered by the prismatic grating scattering or imaging filter and then transmitted to the correcting lens by the prismatic grating or the imaging filter;
after correcting the aberration of the parallel light beam, the correcting lens images the parallel light beam on an area array detector;
the parallel light beam after the prismatic dispersion is imaged on an area array detector after the aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, so that a spectrum image of an observation target is obtained;
and the parallel light beams filtered by the imaging filter are imaged on the area array detector after aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, so that an observation image of an observation target is obtained.
In one possible implementation, the spectral image and the observation image of the observation target are focused to the same position by the correction lens.
In one possible implementation, the grating and the imaging filter are switched by a filter wheel of the imaging filter.
In one possible implementation, the primary mirror surface is an off-axis paraboloid, the secondary mirror surface is a hyperboloid, and the imaging filter is of spherical design.
In one possible implementation, the front surface of the grating is a concave sphere, and the rear surface is carved with grating lines.
In one possible implementation, the rear surface of the prism has an included angle with the optical axis of the prism, and the scattering direction of the prism is changed by changing the size of the included angle, so that the spectrum images of different observation targets are not overlapped.
In one possible implementation, the material of the prism, the imaging filter and the correction lens is fused silica.
The optical imaging system for the ultraviolet night-time, disclosed by the disclosure, is characterized in that a primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to a secondary mirror; the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the prism grating or the imaging filter; the light is filtered by the prismatic grating scattering or imaging filter and then transmitted to the correcting lens by the prismatic grating or the imaging filter; after correcting the aberration of the parallel light beam, the correcting lens images the parallel light beam on an area array detector; the parallel light beam is subjected to prismatic dispersion, aberration is corrected by a correcting lens, and then the parallel light beam is imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectrum image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, and then the parallel light beams are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of an observation target. The method can realize large-view-field ultraviolet night-viewing observation based on the mode of combining target imaging and spectrum imaging, and has the advantages of small volume, high precision and simple light path.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technical aspects or prior art of the present application and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings, which are used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application, together with the embodiments of the present application, but do not limit the technical solution of the present application.
FIG. 1 illustrates an optical imaging system schematic diagram of an ultraviolet light night-time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet light inspection according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of spectral dispersion relationship of an optical imaging system for an ultraviolet light tour according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, thereby solving the technical problems by applying technical means to the present invention, and realizing the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. The embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict, and the formed technical schemes are all within the protection scope of the invention.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer, such as a set of computer executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is depicted in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps depicted or described may be performed in a different order than presented herein.
Fig. 1 illustrates an optical imaging system schematic diagram of an ultraviolet light night-time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical system is similar to a Cassegrain telescopic system, as shown in FIG. 1, and the extreme ultraviolet spectrometer can comprise: primary mirror, secondary mirror, prismatic grating, imaging filter, correcting lens and area array detector.
The primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams with different view fields and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror; the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the prism grating 3 or the imaging filter; the light is filtered by the prism scattering or imaging filter and then transmitted to the correcting lens by the prism or imaging filter; after correcting the aberration of the parallel light beam, the correcting lens images the parallel light beam on the area array detector.
The parallel light beam is subjected to prismatic dispersion, aberration is corrected by a correcting lens, and then the parallel light beam is imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectrum image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, and then the parallel light beams are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of an observation target.
The prism and the imaging filter can be switched through the imaging filter wheel, so that the prism or the imaging filter is arranged in the light path of the optical system, the prism and the imaging filter are positioned at the same position in the light path of the optical system, and the position of the area array detector is kept unchanged when the prism and the imaging filter are arranged. When the optical path of the optical system is a prismatic grating, the incident parallel light beam is subjected to prismatic grating dispersion and then is subjected to aberration correction by a correction lens, and then the imaging on the area array detector is a spectral image of an observation target; when the optical path of the optical system is an imaging filter, the incident parallel light beam is filtered by the imaging filter, aberration is corrected by a correcting lens, and then the imaging on the area array detector is an observation image of an observation target.
Receiving the incident parallel light beam through the primary mirror, and reflecting the parallel light beam to the secondary mirror; the secondary mirror reflects the parallel light beams to the prism grating or the imaging filter; the light is filtered by the prism scattering or imaging filter and then transmitted to the correcting lens by the prism or imaging filter; after correcting the aberration of the parallel light beam, the correcting lens images the parallel light beam on the area array detector; the parallel light beam is subjected to prismatic dispersion, aberration is corrected by a correction lens, and then the parallel light beam is imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectrum image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, and then the parallel light beams are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of an observation target. The method can realize large-view-field ultraviolet night-viewing observation based on the mode of combining target imaging and spectrum imaging, and has the advantages of small volume, high precision and simple light path.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet patrol according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The ultraviolet night-light optical system adopts a prismatic grating and imaging filter combined reflection type telescopic system, and can realize wide-field ultraviolet night-light spectrum imaging and imaging observation.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical system includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a prism 3, an imaging filter 4, a correction lens 5, and an area detector 6. Incident parallel light beams with different fields of view are irradiated onto the main mirror 1, the main mirror 1 reflects the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror 2), the parallel light beams are reflected to the prism grating 3 or the imaging filter 4 through the secondary mirror 2, then are imaged to the area array detector 6 through the correction lens 5, when the optical system light passes through the prism grating 3, the area array detector 6 is a spectrum image, and when the optical system light passes through the imaging filter 4, the area array detector (6) is a target image.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the primary mirror 1 has an off-axis parabolic surface, so that incident parallel light beams with different fields of view can be reflected onto the secondary mirror 2 at a certain angle. The surface of the secondary mirror 2 may be hyperboloid, and may converge the parallel light beam onto the grating 3. This is merely an example, and the surfaces of the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 are not limited. The number of the primary mirrors 1 may be 1 or plural, and the number of the primary mirrors 1 may be 2 as shown in fig. 1, so that parallel light beams with different fields of view may be received, which is not limited herein.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the front surface of the grating 3 is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface is engraved with grating lines. The grating line density is determined according to the requirements of the spectrum image surface size, the detector size and the spectrum resolution index on the area array detector 6. The imaging filter 4 is of spherical design to reduce the aberration of the spectral image plane on the area array detector 6.
In one possible implementation, the rear surface of the prism has an included angle with the optical axis of the prism, and the scattering direction of the prism is changed by changing the size of the included angle, so that the spectrum images of different observation targets are not overlapped.
The rear surface of the prism grating has an included angle with the optical axis of the prism grating, so that the position of the area array detector (6) in the optical path system under two imaging conditions can be kept unchanged.
According to the grating equation: sin α+sin β=k×m×λ, where α is the grating incident angle, β is the diffraction angle, k is the spectral order, m is the number of fringes per millimeter of the grating, and λ is the wavelength. Since the parallel light flux reflected by the sub-mirror 2 in the present optical system is irradiated onto the prism 3 in the direction parallel to the optical axis of the prism 3, α≡0, sinβ=kmλ for the present optical system.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of spectral dispersion relationship of an optical imaging system for an ultraviolet light tour according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, for the prism imaging spectral image, the prism theoretical resolution is r=n×l×k, where n is the diffraction order of the prism and L is the prism width.
The imaging position of the spectrum image on the surface of the area array detector is away from the center view field image distance x of the area array detector, which is as follows: x=d×tan β. Because the grids can generate spectrum overlapping on a certain fixed direction, the scattering direction of the grids can be changed by changing the included angle between the grids and the optical axis of the grids, so that the spectrum images of different observation targets are not overlapped, and the spectrum imaging and the observation imaging on the area array detector are focused on the same position on the surface of the area array detector after the aberration correction of the light beam by the correction lens.
In addition, the whole optical system is a reflecting element, the prism, the imaging filter and the correcting lens are all made of fused quartz, a smaller working wave band range can be properly selected, and the detection spectrum of the whole optical system can be expanded to 2500nm.
Parallel light beams passing through different fields of view are reflected to the secondary mirror after being incident to the primary mirror; then the light is filtered by the prism scattering or imaging filter and then transmitted to the correcting lens by the prism or imaging filter; the correcting lens corrects the aberration of the parallel light beam and then images the aberration onto the area array detector. The parallel light beam is subjected to prismatic grating dispersion to obtain a spectrum image of an observation target on the area array detector; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter and then an observation image of an observation target is obtained on the area array detector. The method can realize large-view-field ultraviolet night-viewing observation based on the mode of combining target imaging and spectrum imaging, and has the advantages of small volume, high precision and simple light path.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above, the embodiments are only used for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An optical imaging system for an ultraviolet light tour, the system comprising: the system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a prism, an imaging filter, a correction lens and an area array detector;
the primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror;
the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the prism grating or the imaging filter; the light is filtered by the prismatic grating scattering or imaging filter and then transmitted to the correcting lens by the prismatic grating or the imaging filter;
after correcting the aberration of the parallel light beam, the correcting lens images the parallel light beam on an area array detector;
the parallel light beam is subjected to prismatic dispersion, aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, and then the parallel light beam is imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectrum image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, aberration is corrected by the correcting lens, and then the parallel light beams are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of an observation target.
2. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the spectral image and the observation image of the observation target are focused to the same position by the correction lens.
3. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the grating and imaging filter are switched by a filter wheel of the imaging filter.
4. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the primary mirror surface is an off-axis paraboloid, the secondary mirror surface is a hyperboloid, and the imaging filter is of spherical design.
5. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the front surface of the grating is concave, and the rear surface is engraved with grating lines.
6. The optical imaging system of claim 5, wherein the back surface of the grating has an angle with the optical axis of the grating, and the scattering direction of the grating is changed by changing the magnitude of the angle, so that the spectral images of different observation targets do not overlap.
7. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the grating, the imaging filter and the corrective lens are made of fused silica.
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