CN114594587A - Ultraviolet sky-patrol optical imaging system - Google Patents
Ultraviolet sky-patrol optical imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114594587A CN114594587A CN202011415327.7A CN202011415327A CN114594587A CN 114594587 A CN114594587 A CN 114594587A CN 202011415327 A CN202011415327 A CN 202011415327A CN 114594587 A CN114594587 A CN 114594587A
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- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001354243 Corona Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0804—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/0808—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0892—Catadioptric systems specially adapted for the UV
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
According to the ultraviolet sky-patrol optical imaging system, the primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror; the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the edge grating or the imaging filter; after being scattered by the edge grating or filtered by the imaging filter, the light is transmitted to the correcting lens by the edge grating or the imaging filter; after correcting the phase difference of the parallel light beams by a correcting lens, imaging the parallel light beams onto an area array detector; the parallel light beams are subjected to grignard dispersion, then are subjected to positive phase difference correction through a correction lens, and are imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectral image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, then are subjected to positive aberration correction by the correction lens, and are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of the observation target. The large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation can be realized based on a mode of combining target imaging and spectral imaging, and the large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation device is small in size, high in precision and simple in light path.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultraviolet astronomical detection and particularly relates to an ultraviolet sky-patrol optical imaging system.
Background
The ultraviolet astronomical observation instrument is a main method for researching the evolution of the galaxy and is a hotspot of international astronomical observation research at present. The ultraviolet spectrum of celestial bodies can be used to study the chemical composition, density and temperature of the interplanetary medium, as well as the temperature and composition of high-temperature young stars. Information on the evolution of the galaxy can also be derived from uv observations. The observation of celestial bodies in ultraviolet wave band is different from the observation of visible light and infrared light. Many stars, which are relatively low in temperature for visible and infrared observation, appear to be hot celestial bodies when viewed by ultraviolet light, especially stars in early or late stages of evolution. Far/near uv band observation is very important for central star studies of early stars (including O, B, A stars), white dwarf stars and planetary clouds because these types of stars exhibit the strongest radiation in the uv region, the importance of uv observation for late stars (including F, G, K and M types) is similar to the sun, and uv observation is an essential means to study star chromatics and coronas and the transition layer between them.
The ultraviolet astronomical research has important scientific significance and application value, and the ultraviolet sky-patrol spectral imaging and imaging instrument can research the evolution of a galaxy, the composition of interplanetary gas and important astronomical phenomena in the universe.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides an optical imaging system for ultraviolet sky patrol, can realize ultraviolet sky patrol observation based on a mode of combining target imaging and spectral imaging, and has the advantages of small volume, high precision and simple light path.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an optical imaging system for ultraviolet roving, the system comprising: the device comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a prism grid, an imaging optical filter, a correcting lens and an area array detector;
the primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror;
the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the edge grating or the imaging optical filter; after being scattered by the edge grating or filtered by the imaging filter, the light is transmitted to the correcting lens by the edge grating or the imaging filter;
after the correction lens corrects the phase difference of the parallel light beams, the parallel light beams are imaged on an area array detector;
the parallel light beams subjected to the grignard dispersion are subjected to the aberration correction by the correction lens and then imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectral image of an observation target;
the parallel light beams filtered by the imaging filter are imaged on an area array detector after being corrected for phase difference by the correcting lens, and an observation image of an observation target is obtained.
In one possible implementation, the spectral image of the observation target and the observation image are focused to the same position by the correction lens.
In one possible implementation, the grid and the imaging filter are switched by a filter wheel of the imaging filter.
In a possible implementation manner, the primary mirror surface is an off-axis paraboloid, the secondary mirror surface is a hyperboloid, and the imaging filter is designed in a spherical surface manner.
In a possible implementation manner, the front surface of the prism is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface is engraved with grating grooves.
In a possible implementation manner, the prism grating rear surface and the prism grating optical axis have an included angle, and the scattering direction of the prism grating is changed by changing the size of the included angle, so that spectral images of different observation targets are not overlapped.
In a possible implementation manner, the material of the edge grating, the imaging filter and the correcting lens is fused quartz.
According to the ultraviolet sky-patrol optical imaging system, the primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror; the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the edge grating or the imaging filter; after being scattered by the edge grating or filtered by the imaging filter, the light is transmitted to the correcting lens by the edge grating or the imaging filter; after correcting the phase difference of the parallel light beams by a correcting lens, imaging the parallel light beams onto an area array detector; the parallel light beams are subjected to grignard dispersion, then are subjected to positive phase difference correction through a correction lens, and are imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectral image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, then are subjected to positive aberration correction by the correction lens, and are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of the observation target. The large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation can be realized based on a mode of combining target imaging and spectral imaging, and the large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation device is small in size, high in precision and simple in light path.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technology or prior art of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings expressing the embodiments of the present application are used for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present application.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet roving according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet sky-tracking according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 shows a spectral dispersion relationship diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet roving according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to explain how to apply technical means to solve the technical problems and to achieve the technical effects. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet roving according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical system is a Cassegrain-like telescopic system, as shown in FIG. 1, the far ultraviolet spectrometer may include: the device comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a prism grid, an imaging optical filter, a correcting lens and an area array detector.
The primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams with different fields of view and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror; the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the edge grating 3 or the imaging filter; after being scattered by the edge grating or filtered by the imaging filter, the light is transmitted to the correcting lens by the edge grating or the imaging filter; and after the phase difference of the parallel light beams is corrected by the correcting lens, the parallel light beams are imaged on the area array detector.
The parallel light beams are subjected to grignard dispersion, then are subjected to positive phase difference correction through a correction lens, and are imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectral image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, then are subjected to positive aberration correction by the correction lens, and are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of the observation target.
The prism grating and the imaging filter can be switched through the imaging filter wheel, so that the prism grating or the imaging filter is arranged in the light path of the optical system, the prism grating and the imaging filter are located at the same position in the light path of the optical system, and the position of the area array detector is kept unchanged during the prism grating and the imaging filter. When the optical path of the optical system is a gridline, the incident parallel light beams are subjected to gridline dispersion and then corrected for normal phase difference by a correction lens, and then the image on the area array detector is a spectral image of an observation target; when the optical path of the optical system is an imaging filter, the incident parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter and then corrected by the correcting lens to have a positive phase difference, and then an image on the area array detector is an observed image of an observed target.
Receiving the incident parallel light beam through the primary mirror, and reflecting the parallel light beam to the secondary mirror; the secondary mirror reflects the parallel light beams to the edge grating or the imaging filter; after being scattered by the edge grating or filtered by the imaging filter, the light is transmitted to the correcting lens by the edge grating or the imaging filter; after correcting the phase difference of the parallel light beams by the correcting lens, imaging the parallel light beams onto an area array detector; the parallel light beams are subjected to grignard dispersion, then are subjected to positive phase difference correction by a correction lens, and are imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectral image of an observation target; the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging filter, then are subjected to positive aberration correction by the correction lens, and are imaged on the area array detector to obtain an observation image of the observation target. The large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation can be realized based on a mode of combining target imaging and spectral imaging, and the large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation device is small in size, high in precision and simple in light path.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet tour according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The ultraviolet sky-patrolling optical system adopts the prism grating and the imaging optical filter to be combined with the reflective telescope system, and can realize large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrolling spectral imaging and imaging observation.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical system includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a prism 3, an imaging filter 4, a correction lens 5, and an area array detector 6. The incident parallel light beams with different view fields irradiate the primary mirror 1, the primary mirror 1 reflects the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror 2), the parallel light beams are reflected to the edge grating 3 or the imaging optical filter 4 through the secondary mirror 2 and are imaged to the area array detector 6 through the correcting lens 5, when the light of the optical system passes through the edge grating 3, the area array detector 6 is a spectral image, and when the light of the optical system passes through the imaging optical filter 4, the area array detector (6) is a target image.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the surface of the primary mirror 1 is an off-axis paraboloid, so that incident parallel beams of different fields of view can be reflected onto the secondary mirror 2 at a certain angle. The secondary mirror 2 surface may be hyperboloid and may converge parallel beams onto the prism 3. This is merely an example, and the surfaces of the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 are not limited. The number of the main mirrors 1 may be 1, or may be multiple, and as shown in fig. 1, 2 main mirrors 1 are provided, and may receive parallel light beams of different fields of view, which is not limited herein.
In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the front surface of the prism 3 is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface is engraved with grating lines. The grating groove density is determined according to the requirements of the spectral image surface size and the image surface size on the area array detector 6, the detector size and the spectral resolution index. The imaging filter 4 is designed in a spherical surface manner to reduce the aberration of the spectral image plane on the area array detector 6.
In a possible implementation manner, the rear surface of the prism grid and the optical axis of the prism grid have an included angle, and the scattering direction of the prism grid is changed by changing the size of the included angle, so that spectral images of different observation targets are not overlapped.
The prism grating rear surface and the prism grating optical axis form an included angle, so that the position of the area array detector (6) under two imaging conditions in the optical path system can be kept unchanged.
According to the grating equation: sin α + sin β ═ k × m × λ, where α is the grating incident angle, β is the diffraction angle, k is the spectral order, m is the number of fringes per millimeter of the grating, and λ is the wavelength. Since the parallel light beams reflected by the secondary mirror 2 in the present optical system are irradiated onto the prism 3 in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the prism 3, α ≈ 0 and sin β ═ k ═ m ×, for the present optical system.
Fig. 3 shows a spectral dispersion relationship diagram of an optical imaging system for ultraviolet roving according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, for the image of the grating spectrum, the theoretical resolution of the grating is R ═ n × L × k, where n is the diffraction order of the grating and L is the width of the grating.
The distance x between the imaging position of the spectral image on the surface of the area array detector and the central view field image of the area array detector is as follows: x is d tan β. Because the edges and grids can produce the spectrum overlap in a plurality of targets of a certain fixed direction, can change the scattering direction of edges and grids through changing the contained angle between edges and grids and its optical axis for the spectral image of different observation targets does not overlap, and after correcting the phase difference of light beam through correcting lens, make spectral imaging and observation imaging on the area array detector focus on the same position department on the surface of area array detector.
In addition, the whole optical system is a reflecting element, the materials of the prism grating, the imaging filter and the correcting lens are fused quartz, a smaller working waveband range can be properly selected, and the detection spectrum section of the whole optical system can be expanded to 2500 nm.
The parallel light beams passing through different fields of view are incident to the primary mirror and then reflected to the secondary mirror; then the light is scattered by the edge grating or filtered by the imaging filter and transmitted to the correcting lens by the edge grating or the imaging filter; the correcting lens corrects the phase difference of the parallel beams and then images the parallel beams on the area array detector. The parallel light beams are subjected to edge grating dispersion, and then a spectral image of an observation target is obtained on an area array detector; and filtering the parallel light beams by an imaging filter to obtain an observation image of the observation target on the area array detector. The large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation can be realized based on a mode of combining target imaging and spectral imaging, and the large-view-field ultraviolet sky-patrol observation device is small in size, high in precision and simple in light path.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An ultraviolet roving optical imaging system, comprising: the device comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a prism grid, an imaging optical filter, a correcting lens and an area array detector;
the primary mirror is used for receiving incident parallel light beams and reflecting the parallel light beams to the secondary mirror;
the secondary mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light beams to the edge grating or the imaging optical filter; after being scattered by the edge grating or filtered by the imaging filter, the light is transmitted to the correcting lens by the edge grating or the imaging filter;
after the correction lens corrects the phase difference of the parallel light beams, the parallel light beams are imaged on an area array detector;
after the parallel light beams are subjected to the grignard dispersion, the parallel light beams are subjected to the aberration correction by the correction lens and then imaged on an area array detector to obtain a spectral image of an observation target; and the parallel light beams are filtered by the imaging optical filter, then are subjected to positive aberration correction by the correction lens, and are imaged on an area array detector to obtain an observation image of an observation target.
2. The ultraviolet roving optical imaging system according to claim 1, characterized in that the spectral image and the observation image of the observation target are focused to the same position by the correction lens.
3. The ultraviolet roving optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the prisms and imaging filters are switched by a filter wheel of the imaging filter.
4. The ultraviolet roving optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the primary mirror surface is an off-axis paraboloid, the secondary mirror surface is a hyperboloid, and the imaging filter is of a spherical design.
5. The ultraviolet roving optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the front surface of the prism is a concave spherical surface and the back surface of the prism is engraved with grating lines.
6. The ultraviolet roving optical imaging system according to claim 5, wherein the rear surface of the prism grid has an included angle with the optical axis of the prism grid, and the scattering direction of the prism grid is changed by changing the size of the included angle, so that the spectral images of different observation targets do not overlap.
7. The ultraviolet roving optical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the material of the edge grating, the imaging filter and the correcting lens is fused quartz.
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