CN109323763A - A kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager - Google Patents
A kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager Download PDFInfo
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- CN109323763A CN109323763A CN201811120666.5A CN201811120666A CN109323763A CN 109323763 A CN109323763 A CN 109323763A CN 201811120666 A CN201811120666 A CN 201811120666A CN 109323763 A CN109323763 A CN 109323763A
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imagers, include Pascal Greggory telescope, monochromator, image optics and detector.The incident beam that telescope collects is separated into several wavelength channels along dispersion direction by monochromator, channel after each separation is using the picture for forming a full filed after an independent imaging lens convergence, and the picture in different channels is finally at the different zones in same detector.The big visual field of 20 jiaos point of diameter or more can be achieved in the present invention, spatial resolution better than 30 rads and 500~2000 medium and adjustable spectral resolution, be suitable for the scientific application for having big visual field and the requirement of medium spectral resolution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical spectrum imagers, especially a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager.
Background technique
Imaging spectrometer is a kind of astronomical observation instrument for having both optical imagery and spectral measurement function, can be obtained simultaneously
The two-dimensional spatial distribution and spectral characteristic of astronomical target, to construct observed object 3 D stereo information abundant.In far ultraviolet
(FUV) wave band, imaging spectrometer be study galaxy between warm air, intergalactic medium and be the fields such as outer planet important sight
One of survey means are asked to help to answer the important international scientific forward positions such as " universe baryon missing " and " galaxy accretion and feedback "
Topic.
It is that the wave band lacks the good lens material of light transmission in the Major Difficulties of FUV wave band, imaging spectrometer design
Material, therefore reflective optical devices can only be considered as in optical design.Such as in optics and near ultraviolet band, it can use product
Divide visual field spectrum instrument (IFS) technology to realize that two-dimension spectrum is imaged, but in FUV wave band due to lacking corresponding optical fiber or lenticule
Material and cannot achieve.On the other hand, typical anti-in FUV wave band reflecting mirror even if being optimized to mirror surface coating process
The rate of penetrating can only achieve 40 ~ 70%, be far below visible light and near ultraviolet band.In order to obtain observed efficiency as big as possible, it is desirable that
Reduce the quantity of reflecting surface when design to the greatest extent and as far as possible using simple optical layout's scheme.
There are the precedent of several FUV band spectrum photographing items, such as SPEAR, ALICE and WSO-UV in the world.
These projects mostly use greatly the mode of slit spectrometer (LSS) to carry out light spectrum image-forming.The visual field of LSS is the one of a strip
Visual field is tieed up, movement realization two-dimensional imaging is swept by pushing away for instrument.Full spectral coverage wavelength covering and higher can be obtained using this method
Spectral resolution, but the disadvantage is that longer to the imaging time for diffusing extanded source, furthermore this method cannot be considered in terms of high spectral resolution
Rate and big visual field.In addition, there are also tomography algorithm (Tomographic Imaging used by such as SPIDR project
Technique), this method obtains the two-dimentional monochrome image of observed object, but this method needs pair using tomographic reconstruction algorithm
Instrument carries out multiple rotary, and there are some disputes on signal-noise ratio computation method.The imaging spectral used in ISIS project
Instrument is that the secondary mirror in Pascal Greggory telescope is changed to dispersion element, so that the different spectral lines of emission of observed object are separated into
Picture.However, when in the emission spectra of target there are when spectral line close to each other, the picture of different spectral lines will be overlapped and can not divide
It distinguishes.In addition, the inhibition of stray light will be very difficult for such a seamless system.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imagers.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager, it is characterised in that: include Pascal Greggory telescope, monochromator, image optics
And the incident beam that telescope collects is separated into several wavelength channels, each separation along dispersion direction by detector, monochromator
Channel afterwards using the picture for forming a full filed after an independent imaging lens convergence, different channels as final Cheng Tong
The different zones of one piece of detector.
Further, the Pascal Greggory telescope uses off-axis Pascal Greggory telescope, and Pascal Greggory telescope includes
Primary mirror and secondary mirror, primary mirror use the off-axis parabolic mirror of a rectangle, and the length-width ratio of rectangle is 10:1, and secondary mirror uses one
Off-axis ellipsoidal mirror, mouth face are the rectangle of strip, and size is much smaller than primary mirror.
Further, the primary mirror is the off axis paraboloidal mirror of 500 × 50mm of bore, and focal length 613.4mm, secondary mirror is mouth
The angle of the off-axis ellipsoidal mirror of 28 × 6mm of diameter, enlargement ratio 16.9, primary mirror and the symmetrical between centers of secondary mirror is 10.5 °.
Further, the monochromator includes an entrance slit, a concave spherical surface grating and several exit slits, often
The corresponding wavelength channel of a exit slit, entrance slit be located at by secondary mirror be formed by primary mirror as upper, concave spherical surface grating is adopted
With non-equidistant holographic grating, substrate is spherical surface fused quartz glass, using three rank diffraction, equivalent 3000~4000g/ of line density
Mm, on the optics pupil face that several exit slits are formed at a certain distance from being located at after grating parallel.
Further, the concave spherical surface grating uses three rank holographic grating of spherical surface, equivalent line density 3350g/mm, and bore is
102 × 114mm, substrate curvature radius 681.03mm, under the conditions of the spectral resolution of R=500, entrance slit bore and go out
The bore for penetrating slit is respectively 23 × 2.3mm and 25 × 2.5mm.
Further, the image optics includes several imaging lens, and the corresponding wavelength channel of each imaging lens goes out
Slit is penetrated, imaging lens are off-axis ellipsoidal mirror, and mouth face is the rectangle of strip, and off-axis angle is chosen to be the minimum for avoiding detector light-blocking
Off-axis angle.
Further, the bore of the imaging lens is 34 × 10.8mm, and off-axis angle is 40 °, and three imaging lens are same
It is process on one mirror base.
Further, the detector is one piece of plane MCP detector, and the full filed picture that each channel is formed separately is imaged
Different zones on same plane MCP detector, under spectral scan mode, MCP detector, the corresponding imaging in each channel
The relative position and whole edge that optical frames and exit slit the are kept fixed circular motion equidistant to grating, to select difference
Imaging wavelength.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and effect:
1) light harvesting is carried out using an off-axis Pascal Greggory telescope, the mouth facial contour of the primary and secondary mirror of telescope is strip
Rectangle；
2) full filed light beam is separated into several wavelength channels along dispersion direction using one big dispersion grating；
3) spectral resolution is adjusted by adjusting the width of entrance slit and exit slit；
4) on pupil face, grating is located on the position of Pascal Greggory image planes for entrance slit and exit slit；
5) whole image quality is improved by the optimization to Pascal Greggory telescope primary and secondary mirror symmetry axis angle；
6) by length scanning mechanism, the complete spectrum profile of observed object is obtained；
7) spectral resolution is unrelated with field-of-view characteristics, and big visual field and medium adjustable spectral resolution can be achieved at the same time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of index path of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the imaging distribution map of the detector of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that 80% energy of each channel of the embodiment of the present invention concentrates diameter table.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, following embodiment be explanation of the invention and
The invention is not limited to following embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager of the invention, includes Pascal Greggory telescope, monochrome
Instrument, image optics and detector.The incident beam that telescope collects is separated into several wavelength along dispersion direction and led to by monochromator
Road (is illustrated as 3) in figure, bandwidth chahnel can be adjusted by the incidence of monochromator and the width of exit slit, to adapt to difference
Spectral resolution demand.Channel after each separation is using one full filed of formation after an independent imaging lens convergence
Picture, the picture in different channels is finally at the different zones in same MCP detector.
1) Pascal Greggory telescope
Telescope is an off-axis Pascal Greggory system in optical layout.It is in order at secondary mirror rear using Pascal Greggory system
An optics pupil face (picture of primary mirror) is nearby formed, and places the entrance slit 3 of monochromator on the position.Primary mirror 1 is one
The length-width ratio of the off-axis parabolic mirror of a rectangle, rectangle can be designed as 10:1.Why the rectangular opening of strip is used
Diameter be due in order to by the pupil of different wave length on spatial position separate, it is desirable that size of the pupil on dispersion direction by
Limitation.Secondary mirror 2 is an off-axis ellipsoidal mirror, and mouth face is also the rectangle of strip, but size is much smaller than primary mirror.By in design lattice
The enlargement ratio of usury telescope makes the coke ratio of range of telescope range and monochromator match.In addition, in the design method
In image quality is also improved by the angle between optimization primary and secondary mirror symmetry axis, i.e., by optimization, the angle makes off-axis Ge Ligao
The off-axis astigmatism of sharp system can just compensate the astigmatism of off-axis imaging ellipsoidal mirror generation, so that the image quality in full filed reaches
To optimal.Pascal Greggory focus 8 is between entrance slit 3 and concave spherical surface grating 4.
2) monochromator
Monochromator system is made of 3, concave spherical surface gratings 4 of an entrance slit and several exit slits 5, and each outgoing is narrow
Stitch a corresponding wavelength channel.The width of entrance slit is adjustable, to change the bandwidth or system spectrum resolution ratio in channel.
As previously mentioned, entrance slit be located at by secondary mirror be formed by primary mirror as upper.This also means that when adjusting slit width to change
When spectral resolution, primary mirror area workable for reality is also changing.When using relatively narrow slit to obtain high spectral resolution
When rate, the active set light area of primary mirror is also decreased.
Grating uses non-equidistant holographic grating, and substrate is spherical surface fused quartz glass, in order to obtain dispersion as big as possible
Rate, using three rank diffraction, equivalent 3000~4000g/mm of line density.Raster holographic parameter may also participate in whole image quality optimization, but
Unobvious come the effect of the off-axis astigmatism of compensating image mirror using raster holographic parameter, main cause is effective light spot size on grating
It is smaller, contribution of the astigmatism generated much smaller than imaging ellipsoidal mirror.Since grating is closer from Pascal Greggory focus, lead to hot spot
It is smaller in the linear content covered on grating, certain influence can be generated to spectral resolution.Therefore in the design, by grating edge
Optical axis direction retrodeviates with a certain distance from Pascal Greggory focus, to increase effective light spot size on grating.Limited spot size will lead to
Actual spectrum resolution ratio is slightly below ideal value, but its influence very little to system signal noise ratio (energy is almost without loss).
Since the convergence of concave grating acts on, another optics pupil face is formed at a certain distance from after grating.Several outgoing
Slit is located at parallel on the pupil face, the channel of the corresponding specific wavelength of each slit.Similar entrance slit, the width of exit slit
Spend it is adjustable, with the different spectral resolution of correspondence.Each exit slit is equidistant to grating, and can be along equidistant to grating
Circumference do scanning motion, to choose the channel of different wave length.
3) image optics and MCP detector
It is corresponding with an imaging lens 6 after the exit slit in each channel, the full filed picture that each channel is formed is separated into same
Different zones on one piece of plane MCP detector 7.Imaging lens 6 are off-axis ellipsoidal mirror, and mouth face is the rectangle of strip, off-axis angle
It is chosen to be the minimal off-axis angle for avoiding detector light-blocking.The final coke ratio of system is determined by the useful detection area of detector.In order to
Guarantee each channel as in the same plane, the coke ratio in each channel can slightly difference.Under spectral scan mode, MCP is visited
It surveys device 7, the relative position that the corresponding optical imaging lens 6 in each channel and exit slit 5 are kept fixed and whole edge and arrives grating etc.
Away from circular motion, to select different imaging wavelengths.By the mechanism, the length scanning to observed object may be implemented,
To obtain the detection complete spectral profile of target.
The present invention proposes a kind of novel FUV imaging spectrometer design method.The optical spectrum imagers are substantially more than one
Full filed light beam is realized separation using the grating of one big dispersion by the Narrow-Band Imaging instrument in channel on dispersion direction, utilize
Exit slit forms several narrow-band spectrum channels, and image optics is recycled to carry out into each spectrum channel after separation respectively
Picture.Finally combine length scanning that can obtain the spectral characteristic in full band range.In technical indicator, this method can realize diameter
20 jiaos points or more of big visual field, spatial resolution better than 30 rads and 500 ~ 2000 medium and adjustable spectrum point
Resolution.In conclusion the spectrometer is suitable for the scientific application for having big visual field and medium spectral resolution to require.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further described:
Use design method proposed by the present invention for ultraviolet space exploration project CAFE(Census of WHIM, Accretion,
Feedback Explorer) in HI Ly- α Narrow-Band Imaging instrument devise a set of optical plan.The imager covers wave band
124.9 ~ 127.7nm, is divided into three wavelength channels, each channel center wavelength interval 1nm, bandwidth chahnel be 0.25nm ~
0.06nm is adjustable, corresponding 500 ~ 2000 spectral resolution.The imaging viewing field in each channel is the round visual field of 20 jiaos of points of diameters,
Spatial resolution is better than 21 rads.
It is as shown in Figure 1 to design optical path.Primary mirror is the off axis paraboloidal mirror of 500 × 50mm of bore, focal length 613.4mm.It is secondary
Mirror is the off-axis ellipsoidal mirror of 28 × 6mm of bore, enlargement ratio 16.9.The angle of the symmetrical between centers of primary and secondary mirror is obtained by optimization
It is 10.5 °.Grating uses three rank holographic grating of spherical surface, equivalent line density 3350g/mm, and bore is 102 × 114mm, substrate curvature
Radius is 681.03mm.Under the conditions of the spectral resolution of R=500, the bore of entrance slit bore and exit slit is respectively 23
× 2.3mm and 25 × 2.5mm.When needing more high spectral resolution, narrower slit is replaced using slit switching device.Three
A exit slit rear is three ellipsoid imaging lens.The size of imaging lens is 34 × 10.8mm, and off-axis angle is 40 °, three
Imaging lens can be process on same mirror base.Imaging distribution of final three channels on MCP detector is as shown in Figure 2.Three
The final coke ratio in a channel is respectively F/3.58, F/3.4 and F/3.22, and the imaging region of each channel covering is about 10 ×
10mm.It relative position that the corresponding optical imaging lens of MCP detector, triple channel and exit slit are kept fixed simultaneously can whole edge
Using raster center as origin, radius is the circular motion of 731mm, to complete length scanning function.
Ray trace has been carried out to HI Ly- α Narrow-Band Imaging instrument optical system using ZEMAX software to emulate, and has been calculated
Under the conditions of two kinds of spectral resolutions (R=500 and R=2000), in the channel 125.3nm, 126.3nm and 127.3nm, everywhere in visual field
80% energy concentrate diameter, as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from the table, if concentrating diameter as measurement image quality using 80% energy
Standard, then the image quality in 20 jiaos of points of full fileds is within 21 rads.
Above content is only illustrations made for the present invention described in this specification.Technology belonging to the present invention
The technical staff in field can do various modifications or supplement or is substituted in a similar manner to described specific embodiment, only
It should belong to guarantor of the invention without departing from the content or beyond the scope defined by this claim of description of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager, it is characterised in that: include Pascal Greggory telescope, monochromator, imaging
It learns and the incident beam that telescope collects is separated into several wavelength channels, Mei Gefen along dispersion direction by detector, monochromator
Channel from after using the picture for forming a full filed after an independent imaging lens convergence, the picture in different channels finally at
The different zones of same detector.
2. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Pascal Greggory is hoped
Remote mirror uses off-axis Pascal Greggory telescope, and Pascal Greggory telescope includes primary mirror and secondary mirror, primary mirror using rectangle from
Axis parabolic mirror, the length-width ratio of rectangle are 10:1, and secondary mirror uses an off-axis ellipsoidal mirror, and mouth face is the rectangle of strip,
Size is much smaller than primary mirror.
3. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the primary mirror is bore
The off axis paraboloidal mirror of 500 × 50mm, focal length 613.4mm, secondary mirror are the off-axis ellipsoidal mirror of 28 × 6mm of bore, enlargement ratio
It is 16.9, the angle of primary mirror and the symmetrical between centers of secondary mirror is 10.5 °.
4. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the monochromator includes
One entrance slit, a concave spherical surface grating and several exit slits, the corresponding wavelength channel of each exit slit are incident
Slit be located at by secondary mirror be formed by primary mirror as upper, concave spherical surface grating uses non-equidistant holographic grating, and substrate is molten for spherical surface
Quartz glass, using three rank diffraction, equivalent 3000~4000g/mm of line density, several exit slits are located at after grating centainly parallel
On the optics pupil face formed at distance.
5. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the concave spherical surface grating
Using three rank holographic grating of spherical surface, equivalent line density 3350g/mm, bore is 102 × 114mm, and substrate curvature radius is
681.03mm, under the conditions of the spectral resolution of R=500, the bore of entrance slit bore and exit slit is respectively 23 ×
2.3mm and 25 × 2.5mm.
6. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the image optics packet
Containing several imaging lens, the exit slit of the corresponding wavelength channel of each imaging lens, imaging lens are off-axis ellipsoidal mirror, and mouth face is
The rectangle of strip, off-axis angle are chosen to be the minimal off-axis angle for avoiding detector light-blocking.
7. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the mouth of the imaging lens
Diameter is 34 × 10.8mm, and off-axis angle is 40 °, and three imaging lens are process on same mirror base.
8. a kind of big visual field far-ultraviolet spectrum imager described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the detector is one
Block plane MCP detector, the full filed picture that each channel is formed separately are imaged on the not same district on same plane MCP detector
Domain, under spectral scan mode, phase that MCP detector, the corresponding optical imaging lens in each channel and exit slit are kept fixed
To position and the equidistant circular motion of grating is arrived on whole edge, to select different imaging wavelengths.
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| CN201811120666.5A CN109323763B (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2018-09-26 | Large-view-field far-ultraviolet spectral imager |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114252155A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Focal plane light splitting method for ultraviolet hyperspectral camera |
| CN114594587A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-07 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Ultraviolet sky-patrol optical imaging system |
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| CN102538965A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 西安工业大学 | Optical system and design method for large caliber grating imaging spectrometer |
| US20170268927A1 (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-09-21 | Burt J. Beardsley | Field lens corrected three mirror anastigmat spectrograph |
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2018
- 2018-09-26 CN CN201811120666.5A patent/CN109323763B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102538965A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 西安工业大学 | Optical system and design method for large caliber grating imaging spectrometer |
| US20170268927A1 (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-09-21 | Burt J. Beardsley | Field lens corrected three mirror anastigmat spectrograph |
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| BEASLEY M 等: "Imaging spectrograph for interstellar shocks: a narrowband imaging payload for the far ultraviolet", 《APPLIED OPTICS 》 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114594587A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-07 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Ultraviolet sky-patrol optical imaging system |
| CN114594587B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-06-09 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical imaging system for ultraviolet night-time |
| CN114252155A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Focal plane light splitting method for ultraviolet hyperspectral camera |
| CN114252155B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Focal plane light splitting method for ultraviolet hyperspectral camera |
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