CN114591085A - 一种碳化硅陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及碳化硅陶瓷技术领域,本发明提供了一种碳化硅陶瓷及其制备方法。该碳化硅陶瓷制备方法包括准备原料、生坯制备、反应烧结和二次烧结除硅步骤,本发明通过先进行反应烧结,提高了坯体中碳化硅的含量;然后通过将坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次烧结除硅,碳化硅中的硅蒸发,迁移到碳化硅外部碳中,从而使得碳化硅中的自由硅得以消除,最终获得高纯、一定气孔率的碳化硅陶瓷,此种工艺相比传统重结晶碳化硅制备工艺烧结温度要低很多,而且所制备出的碳化硅陶瓷孔隙率低,强度高,耐高温性能更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及碳化硅陶瓷技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种碳化硅陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硅陶瓷具有抗氧化性强、耐磨性能好、硬度高、热稳定性好、高温强度大、热膨胀系数小、热导率大以及抗热震和耐化学腐蚀等优异的性能,可以制成轴承、喷嘴、叶轮、密封件、切削工具、涡轮机叶片、涡轮增压器转子、反射镜等各种配件及器件,适合应用于高温、高压、高频磨擦、高辐射、强酸强碱等极端环境和特殊工况中。碳化硅按其烧结方式的不同可分为:反应烧结碳化硅、无压烧结碳化硅、重结晶碳化硅等。
重结晶碳化硅以高纯超细碳化硅为原料,碳化硅在2400℃高温及一定压力的气氛保护下,发生蒸发-凝聚再结晶作用,在颗粒接触处发生颗粒共生形成的具有一定强度的高纯碳化硅制品,其在烧结过程中没有任何收缩,因此具有较高的孔隙率,一般在15%以上。
正是因为重结晶碳化硅的孔隙率大,加上晶粒较大,且内部无低熔点成分,因此其纯度高、耐高温,抗热震性好。但是重结晶碳化硅对生产工艺要求高,烧结温度需达到2000℃以上,对炉体也会造成严重损害,导致生产成本较高。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一种烧结温度低、工艺简单、炉体损害小的高纯、孔隙率低的碳化硅陶瓷的制备方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备原料:将碳化硅粉体、碳源、添加剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混合原料;
S2、生坯成型:将步混合原料采用成型工艺制得生坯;
S3、反应烧结:将生坯置于高温真空烧结炉中进行反应烧结,然后冷却得到坯体;
S4、二次烧结除硅:将坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次烧结除硅,冷却得到碳化硅陶瓷。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过将碳化硅坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次烧结除硅,碳化硅中的硅蒸发,迁移到碳化硅外部碳中,从而使得碳化硅中的自由硅得以消除,最终获得高纯、显气孔率低的碳化硅陶瓷,此种工艺相比传统重结晶碳化硅制备工艺烧结温度要低很多,而且所制备出的碳化硅陶瓷孔隙率低,强度高,高温性能更好。
优选地,所述步骤S3中反应烧结温度为1450~1650℃,反应时间为0.5~5小时。控制反应烧结温度为1450~1650℃,可使硅液化并通过毛细作用进入碳化硅坯体内部,反应时间为0.5~5小时,可使硅与坯体中的碳有充足时间进行反应。
优选地,所述步骤S4中二次烧结温度为1500-1700℃,反应时间为0.5-5小时。控制二次烧结温度为1500-1700℃,更有利于碳化硅坯体中残留的自由硅迁移到碳化硅外部的碳中,而除掉碳化硅中的多余硅,提高碳化硅陶瓷的纯度。
优选地,所述步骤S1中混合料中碳化硅粉体的含量为45~97wt%,碳源含量为2~50wt%,添加剂含量为0.1~50wt%。通过控制混合料中碳化硅粉体、碳源和添加剂的比例,有利于制备高纯、显气孔率低的碳化硅陶瓷。
优选地,所述步骤S1中碳源选自炭黑、石墨粉、焦炭粉、石油焦粉和有机物热解碳中的至少一种。炭黑、石墨粉、焦炭粉、石油焦粉和有机物热解碳这些原料易得,成本低,有利于控制碳化硅陶瓷的大规模生产成本。
优选地,所述步骤S1中添加剂选自粘结剂、分散剂、塑化剂、固化剂和溶剂中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述步骤S2中成型工艺选自干压、湿压、注浆成型、挤压成型、注射成型、等静压成型和3D打印成型中的一种。采用干压、湿压、注浆成型、挤压成型、注射成型和等静压成型中的一种成型,成型工艺简单,不需要复杂的设备,有利于控制碳化硅陶瓷的制备成本。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述制备方法制备得到的碳化硅陶瓷。采用上述方法制得的碳化硅陶瓷孔隙率低、致密性好、杂质少、纯度高、耐热性好。相对于反应烧结碳化硅,本发明公开的碳化硅陶瓷耐热、耐震性更好,适用于高温环境;相对于无压烧结碳化硅,本发明公开的碳化硅陶瓷不需要添加助烧剂,碳化硅纯度高,耐热震性好;相对于重结晶碳化硅,本发明公开的碳化硅陶瓷致密度高、强度高、耐热性好。此外本发明提出的将反应烧结完成坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次除硅,加快了坯体中硅去除的速率,同时又降低了硅蒸汽对炉体造成污染或损耗。
优选地,所述碳化硅陶瓷的碳化硅含量大于等于99%,显气孔率为5%~10%。碳化硅陶瓷的纯度高,可使碳化硅陶瓷具备较好的耐热震性;碳化硅陶瓷的显气孔率低,有利于提高碳化硅陶瓷的致密性和强度。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂,下面结合实施例对本发明做详细的说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种碳化硅陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备原料:将碳化硅粉体90wt%、炭黑2wt%、酚醛树脂2wt%和水6wt%混合均匀,喷雾造粒得到反应烧结碳化硅造粒粉;
S2、生坯成型:将步骤S1所述反应烧结碳化硅造粒粉采用干压成型工艺制得生坯;
S3、反应烧结:将步骤S2所述生坯置于高温真空烧结炉中进行反应烧结,反应烧结在真空条件下进行,反应温度为1550℃,反应时间为2h,然后冷却得到坯体;
S4、二次烧结除硅:将步骤S3所述坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次烧结除硅,二次烧结除硅温度为1700℃,时间为3h,然后冷却得到高纯、耐高温碳化硅陶瓷。
采用本实施例提供的方法制备的碳化硅陶瓷中碳化硅的含量为99.8%、杂质含量总和<30ppm、孔隙率为10%、抗折强度为120Mpa。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种碳化硅陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备原料:将碳化硅粉体45wt%、炭黑50wt%、聚乙烯醇4.8wt%、分散剂0.2wt%搅拌均匀,得到混合浆料;
S2、生坯成型:将步骤S1所述混合浆料采用注浆成型工艺制得生坯;
S3、反应烧结:将步骤S2所述生坯置于高温真空烧结炉中进行反应烧结,反应烧结在真空条件下进行,反应温度为1450℃,反应时间为5,然后冷却得到坯体;
S4、二次烧结除硅:将步骤S3所述坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次烧结除硅,二次烧结除硅温度为1500℃,时间为5h,然后冷却得到高纯、致密的碳化硅。
采用本实施例提供的方法制备的碳化硅陶瓷中碳化硅的含量为99.9%、总杂质含量<50ppm、孔隙率为8%、抗折强度为122Mpa。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种碳化硅陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备原料:将碳化硅粉体97wt%、炭黑1wt%、聚乙烯醇1wt%、去离子水1%混合均匀,然后进行喷雾造粒得到混合料;
S2、生坯成型:将步骤S1所述混合原料采用等静压成型工艺制得生坯;
S3、反应烧结:将步骤S2所述生坯置于高温真空烧结炉中进行反应烧结,反应烧结在真空条件下进行,反应温度为1650℃,反应时间为4h,然后冷却得到坯体;
S4、二次烧结除硅:将步骤S3所述坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次烧结除硅,二次烧结除硅温度为1700℃,时间为4h,然后冷却得到高纯、致密的碳化硅。
采用本实施例提供的方法制备的碳化硅陶瓷中碳化硅的含量为99.8%、杂质含量<100ppm、孔隙率为5%、抗折强度为122Mpa。
虽然本公开披露如上,但本公开的保护范围并非仅限于此。本领域技术人员,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的前提下,可进行各种变更与修改,这些变更与修改均将落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、准备原料:将碳化硅粉体、碳源、添加剂混合搅拌均匀,得到混合原料;
S2、生坯成型:将混合原料采用成型工艺制得生坯;
S3、反应烧结:将生坯置于高温真空烧结炉中进行反应烧结,然后冷却得到坯体;
S4、二次烧结除硅:将坯体埋入碳粉中进行二次烧结除硅,冷却得到碳化硅陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中反应烧结温度为1450~1650℃,反应时间为0.5~5小时。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中二次烧结温度为1500-1700℃,反应时间为0.5~5小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中混合料中碳化硅粉体的含量为45~97wt%,碳源含量为2~50wt%,添加剂含量为0.1~50wt%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中碳源选自炭黑、石墨粉、焦炭粉、石油焦粉和有机物热解碳中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中添加剂选自粘结剂、分散剂、塑化剂、固化剂和溶剂中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硅陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中成型工艺选自干压、湿压、注浆成型、挤压成型、注射成型、等静压成型和3D打印成型中的一种。
8.一种碳化硅陶瓷,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1所述的制备方法制备得到。
9.根据权利要求8所述的碳化硅陶瓷,其特征在于,所述碳化硅陶瓷的碳化硅含量大于等于99%,显气孔率为5%~10%。
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