CN114590902A - Fish and grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond and fishery culture sewage treatment method - Google Patents

Fish and grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond and fishery culture sewage treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114590902A
CN114590902A CN202210289468.1A CN202210289468A CN114590902A CN 114590902 A CN114590902 A CN 114590902A CN 202210289468 A CN202210289468 A CN 202210289468A CN 114590902 A CN114590902 A CN 114590902A
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China
Prior art keywords
ecological
area
water
enclosure
fishery
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CN202210289468.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
付国楷
张名豪
张丹
汪志强
周新
王宇飞
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Chongqing Dafang Ecological Environmental Governance Co ltd
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Chongqing Dafang Ecological Environmental Governance Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210289468.1A priority Critical patent/CN114590902A/en
Publication of CN114590902A publication Critical patent/CN114590902A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C02F3/347—Use of yeasts or fungi
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

A fish and grass symbiotic ecological fish pond and a fishery culture sewage treatment method, wherein one or more penetration barriers are arranged in the ecological fish pond to form at least two subareas in the ecological fish pond; the interior of the infiltration enclosure is of a hollow structure and is filled with filler; the outer surface of the infiltration enclosure is provided with a plurality of openings; the top end of the infiltration enclosure is higher than the normal water line of the ecological fishing pond; a water-proof foundation structure is arranged below the penetration enclosure. The invention has simple structure, is constructed in an eco-friendly way, has low energy consumption and simple operation and maintenance, can reduce the feeding of feed and saves resources; the invention has better landscape effect while purifying tail water; the infiltration enclosure forms a good habitat structure, provides good places for foraging, refuge, perching and breeding aquatic animals, and is favorable for maintaining the stability of an ecological system in the whole ecological fishpond.

Description

Fish and grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond and fishery culture sewage treatment method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture tail water ecological treatment and restoration, and particularly relates to a fish and grass symbiotic type ecological fishing pond and a fishery aquaculture sewage treatment method.
Background
In recent years, the aquaculture industry is one of the national economic development industries and has important significance for national economy and human development, however, with the continuous progress of the human society, the rapid development of the domestic fishery and aquaculture industry, the problems of serious pollutant accumulation and continuous deterioration of ecological environment caused by the fact that the culture scale of a fishpond is expanded, the fishpond is enclosed in a circle without privacy, culture wastewater is discharged without treatment, the harmlessness of dead animals is low in consciousness and the like are increasingly obvious.
In the prior art, most of the traditional culture ponds adopt a running water culture mode, generally reservoirs, lakes, riverways, mountain streams, spring water and the like are used as water sources, water continuously flows through the culture ponds by virtue of water level difference, drainage or closure facilities, water pumps and the like, and the water flow can play roles in inputting dissolved oxygen and removing excrement. However, the following problems occur in this prior art:
1. the demand for purified water is very large, and the water purification device is disposable, so that the waste of purified water resources is caused.
2. When flowing water flows out of the culture pond, high-concentration pollutants are contained, and if the pollutants are directly discharged into natural water bodies such as reservoirs, lakes, riverways, mountain streams, spring water and the like, the natural water bodies are seriously polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fish and grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond and a fishery aquaculture sewage treatment method, and aims to solve the technical problems of high pollution load concentration of fishery aquaculture tail water and waste of purified water resources during fishery aquaculture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fish and grass symbiotic ecological fish pond is characterized in that one or more penetration barriers 2 are arranged in the ecological fish pond 1, so that at least two subareas are formed in the ecological fish pond 1; the interior of the infiltration enclosure 2 is of a hollow structure and is filled with filler 22; the outer surface of the infiltration enclosure 2 is provided with a plurality of openings; the top end of the penetration enclosure 2 is higher than a normal water line 8 of the ecological fishing pond 1; below the infiltration enclosure 2 there is a water-barrier foundation structure 23.
Preferably, the subareas are an ecological area 4 and a fishery culture area 5, and the area ratio range of the ecological area 4 to the fishery culture area 5 is 1: 2-1: 9; the fishery culture area 5 is provided with a water inlet 6, and the ecological area 4 is provided with a water outlet 7; the height of the bottom of the ecological area 4 is 0.5-1.0 m lower than that of the upper surface of the water-proof foundation structure 23.
Preferably, the porosity of the filler 22 is 35% -55%; the area of a single opening on the surface of the penetration enclosure 2 is less than 20cm2The particle size of the filler 22 is larger than the size of the opening on the surface of the penetration enclosure 2; the height of the top end of the penetration enclosure 2 higher than the normal water line 8 is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, one or more submersible sewage pumps 3 are arranged at the bottom in the ecological zone 4 and are communicated with the fishery culture zone 5 through pipelines.
Preferably, the permeable enclosure 2 is one of a permeable gabion 21, a hollow brick-laid perforated tracery wall 24 and a hollow reinforced concrete structure perforated tracery wall 28.
The invention also discloses a fishery breeding sewage treatment method, which adopts the fish-grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond and comprises the following steps:
step 1: partitioning the ecological fishing pond 1 by adopting a penetration enclosure 2 to form an ecological region 4 and a fishery culture region 5, arranging a water inlet 6 in the fishery culture region 5, and arranging a water outlet 7 in the ecological region 4;
step 2: one or more submersible sewage pumps 3 are arranged at the bottom in the ecological zone 4 and are communicated with a fishery breeding zone 5 through pipelines, and the submersible sewage pumps 3 are started periodically or irregularly;
and 3, step 3: injecting water through a water inlet 6 in the fishery culture area 5, and stopping injecting water when the water depth in the ecological area 4 reaches 0.5-0.6 m;
and 4, step 4: constructing an underwater ecosystem in the ecological region 4;
and 5: continuing to inject water to the normal water level line 8;
step 6: fishery aquaculture is carried out in fishery aquaculture district 5, and fishery aquaculture sewage is in 2 slow infiltration income ecological zone 4 through the infiltration enclosure, purifies sewage in ecological zone 4, arranges to the external environment in through the delivery port.
Preferably, the permeation enclosure 2 is filled with filler 22, and the porosity of the filler 22 is 35% -55%; the outer surface of the penetration enclosure 2 is provided with a plurality of openings, and the area of a single opening is less than 20cm2(ii) a Below the infiltration enclosure 2 there is a water-barrier foundation structure 23.
Preferably, the underwater ecosystem comprises submerged plants.
Preferably, the underwater ecosystem comprises water-purifying microorganisms.
Preferably, the underwater ecosystem comprises benthonic animals, zooplankton and fish.
The fish and grass symbiotic ecological fish pond and fishery culture sewage treatment method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the construction method and the structure are simple, the method is suitable for reconstruction of old fishponds, and the method is suitable for standardization and scale of fishery culture;
2. the combination of the underwater ecosystem and the penetration enclosure has the purification capacity of the tail water of fishery breeding, has better landscape effect while purifying the tail water, and can improve the ecological environment;
3. the ecological environment-friendly method is adopted for construction, so that the energy consumption is very low, the operation and maintenance are simple, natural bait can be provided for fishery culture, the feed delivery can be reduced, and the resources are saved;
4. the infiltration enclosure forms a good habitat structure, provides good places for foraging, refuge, perching and breeding aquatic animals, and is favorable for maintaining the stability of an ecological system in the whole ecological fishpond.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a permeable barrier according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a permeable partition according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
the notation in the figure is: 1. an ecological fish pond; 2. penetrating and enclosing; 21. a permeable gabion; 22. a filler; 23. a water-resistant infrastructure; 24. hollow brick-laid perforated tracery wall; 25. laying a brick foundation; 26. a concrete floor; 27. a platform; 28. the perforated tracery wall with the hollow steel-concrete structure; 29. plain soil; 210. a base plate; 3. a submersible sewage pump; 4. an ecological area; 5. a fishery breeding area; 6. a water inlet; 7. a water outlet; 8. a normal water line.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the invention, the following describes the fish and grass symbiotic ecological fish pond and the fishery aquaculture sewage treatment method in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
A fish and grass symbiotic ecological fish pond is characterized in that one or more penetration barriers 2 are arranged in an ecological fish pond 1, so that at least two subareas are formed in the ecological fish pond 1, the inside of each penetration barrier 2 is of a hollow structure, a plurality of openings are formed in the outer surface of each penetration barrier, and the area of each opening is smaller than 20cm2The filler 22 is filled in the hollow structure, the porosity of the filler 22 is 35-55%, the filler 22 is one or a combination of more of crushed stone, zeolite, volcanic rock, coarse sand, gravel, vermiculite, ceramsite, porous ceramic and the like, and the particle size of the filler 22 needs to be larger than the size of the surface opening of the penetration enclosure 2.
The filler 22 has the function of reducing the diffusion speed of the pollution load when the polluted water body passes through. The filler can also be used as a carrier for attaching microorganisms, and a microbial film attached to the surface of the filler can absorb the passing pollution load.
In addition, the top end of the penetration enclosure 2 is higher than the normal water line 8 of the ecological fishing pond 1, the super-high range is 10-20 cm, the water body exchange of all the water bodies in each subarea can be ensured through the filler 22 of the penetration enclosure 2, and the exchange rate is controlled.
A water-proof foundation structure 23 is arranged below the penetration enclosure 2, and the height and the buried depth of the water-proof foundation structure 23 can be adjusted, so that the bottom elevation and the water depth of each subarea are controlled not to be influenced by each other.
The width of the penetration enclosure 2 is 1.0-5.0 m, and the type can be one of a permeable gabion 21, a hollow brick-built perforated tracery wall 24 and a hollow reinforced concrete structure perforated tracery wall 28.
At least two subareas are formed in the ecological fishing pond 1 due to the existence of one or more penetration barriers 2, the subareas are an ecological area 4 and a fishery culture area 5, and the area ratio of the ecological area 4 to the fishery culture area 5 ranges from 1:2 to 1: 9.
The fishery culture area 5 is provided with a water inlet 6, the ecological area 4 is provided with a water outlet 7, the bottom elevation of the water inlet 6 is higher than the top elevation of the water outlet 7, the effluent can be ensured to flow into the external environment through the ecological area 4, and the effluent quality can be ensured to be discharged up to the standard.
The water depth of the ecological area 4 is controlled within 2.5 meters, the water depth of the fishery culture area 5 is controlled within 3.0 meters, and then the bottom elevation difference range of the ecological area 4 and the fishery culture area 5 is 0.3-1.0 m.
The elevation of the bottom of the ecological area 4 needs to be 0.5-1.0 m lower than the elevation of the surface of the waterproof foundation structure 23, so that the ecological area 4 still has water depth enabling aquatic organisms to survive after the pond water is emptied when the fishery culture area is used for sunning a pond.
One or more submersible sewage pumps 3 are arranged in the ecological area 4 and are communicated with the fishery culture area 5 through pipelines, the submersible sewage pumps 3 can be started regularly or irregularly, the exchange rate of water bodies in the ecological area 4 and the fishery culture area 5 is improved, and the exchange rate can reach 100% at most.
If the ecological fishing pond 1 is a newly-built structure, a waterproof layer needs to be additionally laid at the bottom of the ecological fishing pond, and then water storage operation is carried out, wherein the waterproof layer is one of an impermeable film or waterproof concrete; the waterproof layer is provided with a planting layer, and the planting layer is one or a mixture of plain soil and gravel particles.
And constructing an underwater ecosystem in the ecological region 4, wherein the underwater ecosystem is an underwater full food chain ecosystem mainly comprising submerged plants and comprises one or more combinations of the submerged plants, benthonic animals, zooplankton, fish and water purification microorganisms.
Wherein the submerged plant is one or more of aquatic plants of Amyda sinensis of Amyda of Microcarpaceae of Eupatorium of Labiatae, and Eupatorium of Orchidaceae, and has planting density of 20-40 clusters/m2(ii) a The benthonic animals comprise snails, shellfish and shrimps, wherein the snails are one or two of treponema pallidum and raphanus sativus, and the feeding density is 10-50 g/m2(ii) a The shellfish is one or two of freshwater mussels and pearl mussels, and the adding density is 20-80 g/m2(ii) a The shrimps are one or more of black-shell shrimps, macrobrachium nipponensis, freshwater shrimps and spotted-waist shrimps, and the feeding density is 15-120 g/m2(ii) a The zooplankton is cladocera zooplankton, and the feeding density is 10-50 zooplankton/m2(ii) a The fish is one or a combination of more of black carp, silver carp, bighead carp and snakehead, the length of the fish is 5-10 cm, and the single species feeding density is 5-50 g/m2(ii) a The water-purifying microorganism is one or a combination of bacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, denitrifying coccus and nitrobacteria, and the adding density of the single variety microorganism dry powder preparation is 0.1-5 g/m3。
Fresh water aquatic organisms such as fishes, crabs, shellfish, shrimps, snails and the like are raised in the fishery culture area 5 by adopting a conventional culture mode.
The invention also discloses a fishery breeding sewage treatment method, which adopts the fish-grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond and comprises the following steps:
step 1: partitioning the ecological fishing pond 1 by adopting a penetration enclosure 2 to form an ecological region 4 and a fishery culture region 5, arranging a water inlet 6 in the fishery culture region 5, and arranging a water outlet 7 in the ecological region 4;
and 2, step: one or more submersible sewage pumps 3 are arranged at the bottom in the ecological zone 4 and are communicated with a fishery breeding zone 5 through pipelines, and the submersible sewage pumps 3 are started periodically or irregularly;
and step 3: injecting water through a water inlet 6 in the fishery culture area 5, and stopping injecting water when the water depth in the ecological area 4 is 0.5-0.6 m;
and 4, step 4: constructing an underwater ecosystem in the ecological region 4;
and 5: continuing to inject water to the normal water level line 8;
step 6: fishery aquaculture is carried out in fishery aquaculture district 5, and fishery aquaculture sewage is in 2 slow infiltration income ecological zone 4 through the infiltration enclosure, purifies sewage in ecological zone 4, arranges to the external environment in through the delivery port.
The penetration enclosure 2 is filled with filler 22, and the porosity of the filler 22 is 35-55%; the outer surface of the penetration enclosure 2 is provided with a plurality of openings, and the area of a single opening is less than 20cm2。
The underwater ecological system comprises submerged plants, the submerged plants are one or a combination of a plurality of aquatic plants of the genera consisting of water retention algae of the family Amyda sinensis, the genus of Sophora of the family Amydaceae, the genus of Foliumet zikia of the family Ericaceae, the genus of Eugenia of the family Eziaceae, and the like, and the planting density is 20-40 clusters/m2；
Preferably, the underwater ecosystem also comprises water purification microorganisms, the water purification microorganisms are one or more of bacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, denitrifying coccus and nitrobacteria, and the adding density of the single variety microorganism dry powder preparation is 0.1-5 g/m3。
Preferably, the underwater ecosystem further comprises benthonic animals, zooplankton and fish. The benthonic animals comprise snails, shellfish and shrimps, wherein the snails are one or two of treponema pallidum and raphanus sativus, and the feeding density is 10-50 g/m2(ii) a The shellfish is one or two of freshwater mussels and pearl mussels, and the adding density is 20-80 g/m2(ii) a The shrimps are one or more of black shell shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponensis, freshwater shrimp, and spotted shrimpThe degree of the reaction is 15 to 120g/m2(ii) a The zooplankton is cladocera zooplankton, and the feeding density is 10-50 zooplankton/m2(ii) a The fish is one or a combination of more of black carp, silver carp, bighead carp and snakehead, the length of the fish is 5-10 cm, and the single species feeding density is 5-50 g/m2。
The implementation of the method for treating sewage in the symbiotic type ecological fish pond and fishery culture of the invention is further explained.
First embodiment
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, which are schematic plan and sectional views of a first embodiment of the present invention, an old fish pond is transformed into a grass symbiotic ecological fish pond of the present invention, and the area of the fish pond is 4200m2The pond is 80m long, 52.5m wide and 2m deep in average depth, and is a mixed culture pond for grass carp, silver carp and spotted silver carp. The fishpond is not dredged for a long time, the blue-green algae outbreak in the fishpond is serious due to the problems of serious excessive use of baits, insufficient hydrodynamic force and the like, and the quality of the effluent water of the fishpond is of five types. The adjacent river of the fish pond is a first-level branch on the left bank of the upper reaches of the Yangtze river. The fishpond tail water is directly discharged without any treatment due to pond cleaning wastewater, daily water change and rainy season overflow of the fishpond, and the water quality of adjacent rivers is seriously polluted.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the whole fishing pond 1 is divided into two areas by a penetration enclosure 2, the left side is an ecological area 4, the right side is a fishery culture area 5, and the area ratio of the ecological area 4 to the fishery culture area 5 is 1: 2. The water depth of the ecological area 4 is 2.5m, and the water depth of the fishery culture area 5 is 3 m. And (3) performing terrain modeling in each subarea to form elevation difference at the bottom of each subarea, wherein the elevation of the bottom of the fishery culture area 5 is lower than that of the bottom of the ecological area 4, and the elevation difference is 0.5 m. And paving an impermeable film at the bottom of the ecological fishing pond, and paving plain soil on the ecological fishing pond.
The fishery culture area 5 is provided with a water inlet 6, the water inlet adopts a pipeline form, the diameter of the water inlet pipe is DN300, the water replenishing channel is used for replenishing water in the fishery culture area 5, the water replenishing source is an adjacent river, the ecological area 4 is provided with a water outlet 7, water in the ecological fishpond is discharged into an external environment through the water outlet 7, the water outlet adopts a pipeline form, the diameter of the pipeline is DN300, and the bottom elevation of the water inlet 6 is higher than the top elevation of the water outlet 7.
The permeation enclosure 2 adopts a permeable gabion 21, so that water bodies in all the subareas can mutually permeate through the permeation enclosure.
The permeable gabion 21 is a galvanized mesh cage, a plurality of openings are formed in the surface of the permeable gabion, the aperture of each single opening is 2cm, the width of a permeable enclosure is 1.5m, the internal filler 22 is a mixture of crushed stone and coarse sand, the particle size of the crushed stone is 3-4 cm, the particle size of the coarse sand is 2-3 cm, and the porosity of the filler 22 is 35%.
The bottom of the infiltration enclosure 2 is provided with an impermeable concrete cushion layer as a foundation 23, the height of the foundation 23 is 1m, the width of the foundation is 2m, the length of the foundation is 53m, the elevation of the surface of the foundation is 0.5m higher than that of the bottom of the ecological area, on one hand, the foundation 23 plays a role in stabilizing upper structures, on the other hand, when water in the fishery culture area 5 is emptied, the bottom of the ecological area 4 is ensured to be stored with water, so that aquatic organisms in the ecological area 4 can be kept alive.
The top end of the infiltration enclosure 2 is higher than the normal water level line 8 and is 10cm higher than the normal water level line, so that the water bodies in all the subareas can not be exchanged in a top overflowing mode.
Meanwhile, the porous structure of the infiltration enclosure is a good habitat structure and is an excellent place for rest, nesting, reproduction, avoidance and foraging of aquatic animals (such as fishes, snails, shrimps and the like). The filler inside the permeable enclosure has small particles, more pores and very large specific surface area, is very suitable for the attachment and survival of microorganisms, is a natural purification plant and has great help for the purification of water quality.
Two submersible sewage pumps 3 are arranged in the ecological area 4 and are communicated with the fishery culture area 5 through pipelines, and the size of a drainage pipeline of the submersible sewage pump 3 is DN 50. When a sudden emergency situation occurs, such as the water quality in the fishery culture area 5 suddenly deteriorates, the water in the ecological area 4 can be lifted to the fishery culture area 5, the water exchange rate of the ecological area 4 and the fishery culture area 5 is improved in a short time, and the water pollution situation in the fishery culture area 5 is relieved.
The fish species are selected from chub, bighead carp, crucian carp, grass carp and snakehead fish, and are cultured according to the conventional fishery culture method, which is not described herein again.
The ecological region 4 constructs an underwater ecosystem including submerged plants, benthonic animals, zooplankton, fish and the like.
The submerged plant is selected from herba Sonchi Oleracei and Malaytea weed, and the planting area of herba Sonchi Oleracei is 900m2The planting density is 20 clusters/m21.8 million clusters of tape grass are planted; the planting area of Malaysia japonica is 500m2The planting density is 20 clusters/m21.0 ten thousand of Malaytea indica are planted.
The benthos adopts snails, shellfishes and shrimps which are respectively as follows: the snail is a radish snail with the length of 1-2 cm and the adding proportion of 10g/m2Putting 14kg in total; the shellfish is freshwater mussel with body length greater than 8cm, and the adding proportion is 20g/m2Adding 28kg of the feed; selecting the shrimps with the length of 2-3 cm from the shrimps, and putting the shrimps into the shrimps according to the proportion of 15g/m2A total of 21kg was added.
The zooplankton is 0.3-0.5 mm/zooplankton of cladocera, and the feeding density is 10/m2Total 1.4 million drops were administered.
The small-sized fish is chub with the length of 5-8 cm and the throwing density of 10g/m214kg of the fertilizer is thrown in; bighead carp with length of 5-8 cm and feeding density of 10g/m214kg of the feed is put in; the black carp with the length of 5-8 cm is thrown at the density of 5g/m2A total of 7kg was administered.
After the fish pond is operated and maintained for one year, the quality of the outlet water of the fish pond stably reaches four standards of surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838 and 2002). Compared with the adjacent old fishpond in the same period, the effluent quality is obviously improved.
Second embodiment
As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, which are a schematic plan view, a schematic cross-sectional view and a large picture of a penetration enclosure of a second embodiment of the present invention, the area of the fish pond is 6600m2The length is 120m, the width is 55m, the average water depth is 2m, and the novel fish pond is a newly-built fish pond and mainly used for culturing fishes at the lower layer.
The whole fishing pond 1 is divided into three areas by using 2 penetration barriers 2, wherein the left side and the right side are ecological areas 4, the middle part is a fishery culture area 5, and the area ratio of the ecological areas 4 to the fishery culture area 5 is 1: 4. The water depth of the ecological area 4 is 2.0m, and the water depth of the fishery culture area 5 is 2.7 m. And (3) performing terrain modeling in each subarea to form elevation difference at the bottom of each subarea, wherein the elevation of the bottom of the fishery culture area 5 is lower than that of the bottom of the ecological area 4, and the elevation difference is 0.7 m. And after waterproof concrete is paved at the bottom of the ecological fishing pond, plain soil is paved on the waterproof concrete.
The fishery culture area 5 is provided with a water inlet 6, the water inlet adopts a pipeline form, the diameter of the water inlet pipe is DN300, the water replenishing channel is used for replenishing water in the fishery culture area 5, the water replenishing source is tap water replenishing, the ecological area 4 is provided with a water outlet 7, the water body in the ecological pond is discharged into the external environment through the water outlet 7, the water outlet adopts a pipeline form, the diameter of the pipeline is DN300, and the bottom elevation of the water inlet 6 is higher than the top elevation of the water outlet 7.
The infiltration enclosure 2 adopts hollow brick-built perforated tracery wall 24, so that water bodies in each subarea can mutually infiltrate through the infiltration enclosure. The hollow brick-laid perforated tracery wall 24 is of a hollow structure, a plurality of openings are reserved on the surface, the aperture of each opening is 3cm, the width of a penetration enclosure is 2.5m, the internal filler 22 adopts ceramsite and coarse sand, the particle size of the ceramsite is 4-5 cm, the particle size of the coarse sand is 3-4 cm, and the porosity of the filler 22 is 40%.
The bottom of the infiltration enclosure 2 is made of brick masonry as a foundation 25, an impermeable concrete cushion 26 is arranged below the foundation 25, the thickness of the impermeable concrete cushion 26 is 0.2m, the height of the foundation 25 is 0.8m, the width is 3m, the length is 55m, the elevation of the surface of the foundation is 0.6m higher than that of the bottom of the ecological area, on one hand, the foundation 25 plays a role in stabilizing upper structures, on the other hand, when water in the fishery culture area 5 is emptied, the fact that water is still stored at the bottom of the ecological area 4 is guaranteed, and survival of aquatic organisms in the ecological area 4 is maintained.
The top end of the infiltration enclosure 2 is higher than the normal water level line 8 by 15cm, so that the water bodies in each subarea can not be exchanged in a top overflowing mode.
Meanwhile, the porous structure of the infiltration enclosure is a good habitat structure and is an excellent place for rest, nesting, reproduction, avoidance and foraging of aquatic animals (such as fishes, snails, shrimps and the like). The filler inside the permeation enclosure has small particles, more pores and very large specific surface area, is very suitable for the attachment and survival of microorganisms, is a natural purification plant and has very great help to the purification of water quality.
The ecological areas 4 on the left side and the right side are respectively provided with a submersible sewage pump 3 which is respectively communicated with the fishery breeding area 5 through pipelines, and the size of a drainage pipeline of the submersible sewage pump 3 is DN 50. When a sudden emergency situation occurs, such as the water quality in the fishery culture area 5 suddenly deteriorates, the water in the ecological area 4 can be lifted to the fishery culture area 5, the water exchange rate of the ecological area 4 and the fishery culture area 5 is improved in a short time, and the water pollution situation in the fishery culture area 5 is relieved.
Fishes are cultivated in the fishery cultivation area 5, tilapia is selected as the fish type, and cultivation is carried out according to a conventional fishery cultivation method, which is not described again.
The ecological zones 4 on the left and right sides construct an underwater ecosystem containing submerged plants, benthonic animals, fish, microorganisms, and the like.
Selecting the variety of the submerged plants in the ecological zone 4 at the left side, wherein the planting area of the tape grass is 660m2The planting density is 36 clusters/m2And planting about 2.376 million clusters of tape grass.
The benthos adopts snails, shellfishes and shrimps which are respectively as follows: the ring-shaped edge snail with the length size of 2-3 cm is selected as the snail, and the throwing proportion is 30g/m2Adding 19.8kg of the fertilizer; selecting mussels with length more than 10cm, and adding at a ratio of 35g/m2Adding 23.1kg of the fertilizer; selecting freshwater shrimps with the length size of 3-4 cm from the shrimps, and putting the freshwater shrimps at the ratio of 50g/m2A total of 33kg was added.
Selecting silver carps with the length size of 8-10 cm and the throwing density of 20g/m213.2kg of the fertilizer is thrown in; bighead carp with length of 5-8 cm and feeding density of 10g/m2Totally putting 6.6 kg; the length of the snakehead fish is 6-9 cm, and the feeding density is 6g/m2In total, 4kg was administered.
Nitrobacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria are added into the microorganisms, and the adding density of the single variety of microorganism dry powder preparation is 0.1-5 g/m3Wherein the adding density of the nitrifying bacteria is 1g/m3The bacillus feeding density is 2g/m3The lactobacillus feeding density is 2g/m36.6kg of microorganisms are added in total. Adding nutrient solution for expanding culture before the microbial dry powder preparation is put in, and putting the microbial dry powder preparation after expanding culture.
The variety of the submerged plant in the right ecological area 4 is hydrilla verticillata with the planting area of 660m2The planting density is 36 clusters/m2And planting about 2.376 million black algae together.
The benthos adopts snails, shellfishes and shrimps which are respectively as follows: the ring-shaped edge snail with the length size of 2-3 cm is selected as the snail, and the throwing proportion is 30g/m2Adding 19.8kg of the fertilizer in total; selecting mussels with length more than 10cm, and adding at a ratio of 35g/m2Adding 23.1kg of the fertilizer; selecting freshwater shrimps with the length of 3-4 cm from the shrimps, and feeding the freshwater shrimps at the ratio of 50g/m2A total of 33kg was added.
The chub with the length size of 8-10 cm is selected as the fish, and the throwing density is 20g/m213.2kg of the fertilizer is thrown in; bighead carp with length of 5-8 cm and feeding density of 10g/m2Totally putting 6.6 kg; the length of the snakehead fish is 6-9 cm, and the throwing density is 6g/m2In total, 4kg was administered.
Nitrobacteria, bacillus and lactic acid bacteria are added into the microorganisms, and the adding density of the single variety of microorganism dry powder preparation is 0.1-5 g/m3Wherein the adding density of the nitrifying bacteria is 1g/m3The bacillus feeding density is 2g/m3The lactobacillus feeding density is 2g/m36.6kg of microorganisms are added in total. Adding nutrient solution for expanding culture before the microbial dry powder preparation is put in, and putting the microbial dry powder preparation after expanding culture.
After the fish pond is operated and maintained for two years, the quality of the outlet water of the fish pond stably reaches four standards of surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-.
Third embodiment
As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, which are schematic diagrams of a plane structure, a cross-sectional structure and a large outline of a penetration enclosure of the third embodiment of the present invention, the area of the fish pond is 12800m2The length is 160m, the width is 80m, the average water depth is 2m, and the shrimp pond is a traditional shrimp culture pond. Part of submerged plants are arranged in the pond and are eaten by shrimps, but feed needs to be thrown daily so as to improve the yield of the shrimps, and the quality of the effluent of the shrimp pond is inferior to five types. The whole pond is reconstructed, the infiltration enclosure 2 is divided into two areas, the left side is an ecological area 4, the right side is a fishery culture area 5, and the area ratio of the ecological area 4 to the fishery culture area 5 is 1: 9. Ecological regionThe depth of water 4 is 1.5m, and the depth of water 5 in the fishery culture area is 2.5 m. And (3) performing terrain modeling in each subarea to form elevation difference at the bottom of each subarea, wherein the elevation of the bottom of the fishery culture area 5 is lower than that of the bottom of the ecological area 4, and the elevation difference is 1.0 m. And after waterproof concrete is paved at the bottom of the ecological fishing pond, plain soil is paved on the waterproof concrete, and broken stone particles are paved on the surface of the plain soil.
The fishery culture area 5 is provided with a water inlet 6, the water inlet adopts a pipeline form, the diameter of the water inlet pipe is DN500, the water replenishing channel is used for replenishing water in the fishery culture area 5, the water replenishing source is an adjacent river, the ecological area 4 is provided with a water outlet 7, the water body in the ecological pond is discharged into the external environment through the water outlet 7, the water outlet adopts a pipeline form, the diameter of the pipeline is DN500, and the bottom elevation of the water inlet 6 is higher than the top elevation of the water outlet 7.
The penetration enclosure 2 adopts a hollow steel-concrete structure perforated tracery wall 28, so that water bodies in all the subareas can mutually penetrate through the penetration enclosure. Wherein, there are a plurality of trompils on the surface of cavity reinforced concrete structure perforation tracery wall 28, and single aperture is 4cm, and the infiltration encloses the width and is 4.5m, and cavity reinforced concrete structure perforation tracery wall 28 top sets up a platform 27, can supply the people to walk.
The filler 22 is made of porous ceramic, the particle size of the porous ceramic is 5-6 cm, and the porosity of the filler 22 is 55%.
The bottom of the infiltration enclosure 2 is made of impermeable reinforced concrete as a bottom plate 210, the bottom plate 210 is 0.2m high, 5m wide and 80m long, plain soil 29 is filled on the bottom plate 210, the height of the filled plain soil is 0.8m higher than the height of the bottom of the ecological area, and the plain soil 29 can ensure that water is still stored at the bottom of the ecological area 4 when water in the fishery culture area 5 is emptied, so as to maintain the survival of aquatic organisms in the ecological area 4.
The top end of the infiltration enclosure 2 is higher than the normal water line 8 by 20cm, so that the water bodies in all the subareas can not be exchanged in a top overflowing manner.
Meanwhile, the porous structure of the infiltration enclosure is a good habitat structure and is an excellent place for rest, nesting, reproduction, avoidance and foraging of aquatic animals (such as fishes, snails, shrimps and the like). The filler inside the permeable enclosure has small particles, more pores and very large specific surface area, is very suitable for the attachment and survival of microorganisms, is a natural purification plant and has great help for the purification of water quality.
The ecological area 4 is internally provided with a submersible sewage pump 3 which is communicated with the fishery culture area 5 through a pipeline, and the size of a drainage pipeline of the submersible sewage pump 3 is DN 50. When an emergency situation occurs, such as the water quality in the fishery culture area 5 suddenly deteriorates, the water in the ecological area 4 can be lifted to the fishery culture area 5, the water exchange rate of the ecological area 4 and the fishery culture area 5 is improved in a short time, and the water pollution in the fishery culture area 5 is relieved.
The shrimps are cultured in the fishery culture area 5, and the freshwater shrimps are selected as the types of the shrimps and cultured according to a conventional fishery culture method, which is not described again.
The ecological zone 4 constructs an underwater ecosystem which comprises submerged plants, benthonic animals, zooplankton, fish, water purifying microorganisms and the like.
The submerged plant is obtained by selecting waterweed and Malaysia malabarica with planting area of 300m2The planting density is 40 clusters/m21.2 million clumps of elodea algae are planted; the planting area of Malaysia malabarica is 980m2The planting density is 40 clusters/m23.92 ten thousand sets of Malaytea scurfpea herb are planted.
The benthos adopts snails, shellfishes and shrimps which are respectively as follows: the ring-shaped edge snail with the length size of 2-3 cm is selected as the snail, and the throwing proportion is 25g/m232kg of the fertilizer is thrown in; the shellfish is freshwater mussel with body length greater than 10cm, and the adding proportion is 50g/m2Putting 64kg in total; selecting the shrimps with the length size of 1-2 cm, and putting the shrimps into the water according to the proportion of 80g/m2100kg of the total amount is thrown in.
The zooplankton is 0.3-0.5 mm/animal of cladocera, and the throwing density is 40/m2Total 5.1 million drops were administered.
Selecting chubs with the length of 5-8 cm for the fishes, and putting the chubs at the feeding density of 15g/m219kg of the fertilizer is thrown in; bighead carp with length of 5-8 cm and feeding density of 8g/m210kg of the fertilizer is thrown in; the black carp with the length size of 2-3 cm is thrown at the density of 8g/m210kg of the fertilizer is thrown in; the length of the snakehead fish is 5-8 cm, and the feeding density is 5g/m2A total of 6kg was administered.
Microorganism growthThe substance is a mixture of bacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus, denitrococcus and nitrobacteria, and the ratio of each variety is 1:1:1:1: 1. The putting density of the mixture dry powder preparation is 5g/m39.6kg of microorganisms were added. Before the microbial dry powder preparation is put into the culture medium, nutrient solution is added for propagation culture, and the microbial dry powder preparation is put into the culture medium after propagation culture.
After the pond passes through the operation maintenance period of one year, the quality of the outlet water stably reaches four standards of surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-. After one year, the submersible sewage pump 3 is started to enhance water body exchange because the water quality of the shrimp pond is suddenly deteriorated, and the daily exchange capacity is 300m3And d, after the water is operated for half a year in the operation state, the water quality is stabilized again to reach four standards of surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838 and 2002). After the submersible sewage pump is shut down, the effluent quality still stably reaches the four standards of the environmental quality Standard of surface Water (GB 3838-.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A fish and grass symbiotic ecological fish pond is characterized in that one or more penetration barriers (2) are arranged in the ecological fish pond (1) to form at least two subareas in the ecological fish pond (1); the interior of the infiltration enclosure (2) is of a hollow structure and is filled with filler (22); the outer surface of the infiltration enclosure (2) is provided with a plurality of openings; the top end of the penetration enclosure (2) is higher than a normal water line (8) of the ecological fishing pond (1); a water-proof foundation structure (23) is arranged below the penetration enclosure (2).
2. The fish-grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond according to claim 1, characterized in that the subareas are an ecological area (4) and a fishery culture area (5), and the area ratio of the ecological area (4) to the fishery culture area (5) ranges from 1:2 to 1: 9; the fishery culture area (5) is provided with a water inlet (6), and the ecological area (4) is provided with a water outlet (7); the elevation of the bottom of the ecological area (4) is 0.5-1.0 m lower than that of the upper surface of the water-proof foundation structure (23).
3. The aquaponic ecological fish pond according to claim 1, characterized in that the porosity of said filler (22) is 35% to 55%; the area of a single opening on the surface of the penetration enclosure (2) is less than 20cm2The particle size of the filler (22) is larger than the surface open pore size of the penetration enclosure (2); the top end of the penetration enclosure (2) is 10-20 cm higher than the normal water line (8).
4. The fish and grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond according to claim 1, wherein one or more submersible sewage pumps (3) are arranged at the bottom in the ecological zone (4) and are communicated with the fishery culture zone (5) through pipelines.
5. The aquaponic ecological fish pond according to claim 1, wherein the infiltration enclosure (2) is one of a permeable gabion (21), a hollow brick-built perforated tracery wall (24) and a hollow steel-concrete structure perforated tracery wall (28).
6. A fishery culture sewage treatment method using the fish-grass symbiotic ecological fish pond of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: partitioning the ecological fishing pond (1) by adopting a penetration enclosure (2) to form an ecological area (4) and a fishery culture area (5), arranging a water inlet (6) in the fishery culture area (5), and arranging a water outlet (7) in the ecological area (4);
step 2: one or more submersible sewage pumps (3) are arranged at the bottom in the ecological area (4) and are communicated with the fishery breeding area (5) through pipelines, and the submersible sewage pumps (3) are opened periodically or irregularly;
and step 3: injecting water through a water inlet (6) in the fishery culture area (5), and stopping injecting water when the water depth in the ecological area (4) is 0.5-0.6 m;
and 4, step 4: constructing an underwater ecosystem in the ecological area (4);
and 5: continuing to inject water to the normal water level line (8);
step 6: fishery breeding is carried out in the fishery breeding area (5), fishery breeding sewage slowly permeates into the ecological area (4) through the permeation enclosure (2), the sewage is purified in the ecological area (4), and the sewage is discharged to the external environment through the water outlet.
7. A fishery culture sewage treatment method according to claim 6, wherein the infiltration enclosure (2) is filled with filler (22), and the porosity of the filler (22) is 35% -55%; the outer surface of the penetration enclosure (2) is provided with a plurality of openings, and the area of a single opening is less than 20cm2。
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the underwater ecosystem comprises submerged plants.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the underwater ecosystem comprises water-purifying microorganisms.
10. A method of treating fishery culture wastewater according to claim 9, wherein the underwater ecosystem comprises benthonic animals, zooplankton and fish.
CN202210289468.1A 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Fish and grass symbiotic ecological fishing pond and fishery culture sewage treatment method Pending CN114590902A (en)

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