CN1145837A - 材料的激光切割 - Google Patents
材料的激光切割 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
- B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
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Abstract
一种工件切割设备,其光学装置(4)位于单一切割头(6)内,用以将激光能束分离成两股独立的激光能束(8,10)。切割头(6)有一个带压氧气的入口(16)和作为氧气出口的喷嘴(14)。分离出的至少一股激光能束(8)聚焦到工件表面上方的一个位置。从而使使用时工件表面为分离出的激光能束所照射的面积大于氧气从喷嘴(14)喷出时所喷射的面积。
Description
本发明涉及材料的激光切割法和激光切割设备,特别涉及用低功率激光切割机对厚型型钢进行的切割。
大家知道,激光切割过程是将功率较高的激光束聚焦到待切割的材料表面。激光能使材料保持在其熔点温度,同时用高速喷射气流吹除熔融的材料从而形成切口。这个周知的过程是将激光能提供给整个切口深度,因而要形成合格的切口需要高功率高质量的激光束。
欧洲专利公报0458180介绍了一种用激光束和高压气流切割工件的方法,激光束和高压气流都通过喷嘴喷射出来,激光束的焦点位于待切割工件表面上方一段距离处,从而使激光束作为散焦激光束冲击工件表面。这个激光束连同高压氧气或富氧气体的喷射流一起在切割面上形成干净、精确的边缘和优质的表面加工。
美国专利3604890介绍的一种激光切割系统是使激光束能量照射到部分镀银的反射面,从而使激光束分成两股独立的激光束,接着各激光束由各自的透镜系统聚焦,使一股光束聚焦到大致处在等待切割工件表面的一点上,同时另一股光束聚焦到所述的点上,其焦深大于所述第一股光束的焦深。各透镜系统位于各自有关的切割头上,切割头有一个气体入口用以将带压的气体引导到工件上有关光束被聚焦的部位。这种切割系统采用两个透镜系统和两个切割头,因而结构复杂,制造和装配成本也高,尤其是仿形切割,更是如此。
本发明的目的是改进低功率激光切割特别是厚型型钢的切割效率,具体作法是,将激光束分成焦深一大一小的两股激光束。
本发明的激光切割设备由一个激光能源和一个光学装置组成。光学装置用以将激光束从所述激光能源发射出来时分离成两股独立的激光束,并将各激光束如此分离时聚集到相对于工件预定的位置上,一股光束的焦深大于另一股光束的焦深,其中,光学装置位于单一的切割头上。该切割头有一个带压氧气或富氧气体入口和供氧气或富氧气体排出的喷嘴。至少有一股光束聚焦在工件表面上方的位置,使使用过程中工件表面为所述一股光束所照射到的面积大于富氧气体离开喷嘴时所喷射的面积。
在本发明的一个实施例中,光学装置有一个光衍射元件安置在切割头的一端,用以将激光能束分离成两股独立的激光能束。分离出来的一股激光能束被引导到位于切割头另一端附近的一个透镜,由该透镜将所述分离出的一股激光能束聚焦到工件表面上方的一个位置。其余分离出来的激光能束由所述光衍射元件聚焦,使其不改变地通过透镜。
在另一个实施例中,光学装置有一个双件透镜,位于切割头的一端,用以将激光能束分离成两股独立的激光能束。分离出的一股激光能束引到位于切割头另一端附近的一个透镜,由该透镜将所述分离出的一股激光能束聚焦到工件表面上方的一个位置。其余分离出来的激光能束由所述双件透镜聚焦,使其不改变地通过透镜。
现在参看示意附图举例说明本发明的一些实施例。附图中:
图1是激光切割设备切割头的横截面示意图;
图2是图1切割头的横截面示意图,但示出了分离激光束聚焦到彼此间隔一段距离的位置的情况;
图3是激光切割设备另一种切割头的横截面示意图。
如图1中所示,激光束2从激光源(图中未示出)发射出来,通过位于切割头6上端(如图中所示)的光衍射元件4。激光束2通过光衍射元件4的过程中被分离成两股光束8和10,此两股激光束都引导到位于切割头6下端(如图所示)附近的透镜12。光束10经光衍射元件4聚焦后不改变地通过透镜12,聚焦到喷嘴14内的一个点。透镜12将光束8聚焦到光束10同样的点或位置上,从而使两光束8和10都聚焦到喷嘴14内距待切割工件(图中未出)上方预定距离的位置。
从图1可以清楚地看到,光束10的焦深大于光束8。
经已发现,宽度更大的聚焦光束8实际上起了预热发生器的作用,而且由于其在工件表面的分布范围宽,因而其所起的作用稳定,同时光束10的焦深更大,因而其提供的能量达到切口的下侧,而且提高了切割速度。
图2示出了图1同样的切割头6,但光衍射元件4和透镜12配置得使光束8和10聚焦到彼此间隔一段距离的位置,光束8聚焦到喷嘴14内距待切割工件上方一段距离的位置,光束10则聚焦到工件表面上或工件表面下方,即切口内。
图3所示的实施例基本上与参看图1和图2所述的相同,同样的编号表示同样的部件。
在图3的实施例中,双镜片透镜5代替了光衍射元件4,实际上以类似的方式起作用,即光束2通过双镜片透镜5时,分离成两股光束8和10之后,沿切割头6内侧射向透镜12,由透镜12将其聚焦到喷嘴14内的一个位置。光束10由双镜片透镜5聚焦后,不改变地通过透镜12。从图中可以看到,光束8和10聚焦在喷嘴14内同一个点或位置上,即聚焦到工件表面上方。应该理解的是,待切割的工件与喷嘴14间隔很小的一段距离,在喷嘴14下方移动,从而使两股光束,在散焦状态下射到工件表面。
应该理解的是,只有光束8需要聚焦到工件表面上方使其以散焦状态射到工件表面。光束10可以而且最好聚焦到工件表面或其下方,即聚焦到切口内。
不言而喻,图1、图2和图3所示的切割头各个都按周知的方式配备有气体入口16供引入高压氧气或富氧气体,这些气体作为喷射流从喷嘴14喷出,与工件起反应并清除熔融的材料,从而形成切口。喷嘴14和光学装置在尺寸和配置方面取得使工件表面为散焦光束8所照射的面积始终大于氧气或富氧气体所喷射的面积。
上述诸实施例的具体优点是采用安置在单一切割头内的单一光学装置形成实际上独立的两股光束,这比起现有技术具有这样的好处,即进行仿型切割时组装起来要容易得多。
Claims (5)
1.一种工件切割设备,由激光能源和光学装置(4)组成,光学组装置(4)用以将激光能束(2)从所述激光能源射出时分离成两股独立的激光能束(8,10),并将各激光能束如此分离时聚焦到相对于工件预定的位置上,一股激光能束(10)的焦深大于另一股激光能束(8),其特征在于,光学装置(4)安置在单一切割头(6)中,切割头(6)有一个氧气或富氧气体入口(16)和作为氧气或富氧气体出口的喷嘴(14),至少有一股激光能束(8)聚焦到工件表面上方使使用时工作表面为所述一股激光能束(8)所照射的面积大于为氧气或富氧气体离开喷嘴(14)时所喷射的面积。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,光学装置(4)有一个光衍射元件位于切割头(6)的一端,用以将激光能束分离成两股独立的激光能束(8,10),分离出的一股激光能束(8)被引导到位于切割头(6)另一端附近的透镜(12),由该透镜将分离出的所述激光能束(8)聚焦到工件表面上方的一个位置;其余发离出的激光能束(10)则由所述光衍射元件聚焦,使其不改变地通过透镜(12)。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,光学装置(4)有一个双镜片透镜(5),位于切割头(6)的一端,用以将激光能束分离成两股独立的激光能束(8,10),分离出的一股激光能束(8)引到切割头(6)另一端附近的透镜(12),由该透镜将所述分离出的一股激光能束聚焦到工件表面上方的一个位置;其余分离出的激光能束(10)则由所述双镜片透镜聚焦,使其不改变地通过透镜(12)。
4.如1至3任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,喷嘴(14)附在切割头(6)紧靠工件的一端。
5.如1至4任一权利要求所述的设备,其特征在于,所述分离出的一股激光能束(8)聚焦到喷嘴内的一个点,其余分离出的激光能束(10)则聚焦到工件表面或其下方。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB9516099.0 | 1995-08-05 | ||
GBGB9516099.0A GB9516099D0 (en) | 1995-08-05 | 1995-08-05 | Laser cutting of materials |
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CN1145837A true CN1145837A (zh) | 1997-03-26 |
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CN96110919A Pending CN1145837A (zh) | 1995-08-05 | 1996-08-05 | 材料的激光切割 |
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US (1) | US5728993A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0757932A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH09103895A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1145837A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU6050896A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2182552A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB9516099D0 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ286924A (zh) |
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JPS5987996A (ja) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-05-21 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | レ−ザ・ガス切断装置 |
JPS6453794A (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-03-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Optical lens for large output laser |
WO1989001841A1 (en) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-03-09 | Tsentralnoe Konstruktorskoe Bjuro Unikalnogo Pribo | Method and device for laser processing of an object |
JPS6462294A (en) * | 1987-09-01 | 1989-03-08 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Laser beam machining method |
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DE4016199A1 (de) * | 1990-05-19 | 1991-11-21 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum laserstrahlschneiden |
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WO1993009909A1 (de) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum abtragen von werkstoff von relativbewegten metallenen werkstücken |
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-
1995
- 1995-08-05 GB GBGB9516099.0A patent/GB9516099D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-06-17 EP EP96304489A patent/EP0757932A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-02 NZ NZ286924A patent/NZ286924A/en unknown
- 1996-07-15 AU AU60508/96A patent/AU6050896A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-01 CA CA002182552A patent/CA2182552A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-05 JP JP8206018A patent/JPH09103895A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-08-05 CN CN96110919A patent/CN1145837A/zh active Pending
- 1996-08-05 US US08/693,930 patent/US5728993A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100388428C (zh) * | 2003-11-06 | 2008-05-14 | 株式会社迪斯科 | 利用激光束的处理装置 |
CN104353933A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-02-18 | 信阳师范学院 | 光伏电池片的激光划片装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2182552A1 (en) | 1997-02-06 |
US5728993A (en) | 1998-03-17 |
GB9516099D0 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
JPH09103895A (ja) | 1997-04-22 |
AU6050896A (en) | 1997-02-13 |
NZ286924A (en) | 1998-01-26 |
EP0757932A1 (en) | 1997-02-12 |
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