CN114578678A - Rubidium atomic optical clock based on integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN114578678A CN114578678A CN202210187953.8A CN202210187953A CN114578678A CN 114578678 A CN114578678 A CN 114578678A CN 202210187953 A CN202210187953 A CN 202210187953A CN 114578678 A CN114578678 A CN 114578678A
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- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rubidium atomic optical clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and an implementation method thereof. The rubidium atomic optical clock comprises an atomic gas chamber and is characterized in that the atomic gas chamber is of a double-layer spherical structure, two areas are selected on the surface of an inner layer to serve as a light inlet hole and a light outlet hole of the atomic gas chamber, and high-reflectivity diffuse reflection coating is coated on the surface of the inner layer except the two selected areas. Through the design, the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere can be fully utilized to form a uniform optical field in the atomic gas chamber, so that rubidium atoms are cooled down, and the influence of collision frequency shift on system stability indexes existing in a thermal atom system is eliminated to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical frequency standards, in particular to a rubidium atomic optical clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and an implementation method thereof.
Background
Among numerous quantum frequency reference alkali metal atoms, rubidium atoms have the characteristics of simple quantum structure, easy extraction and convenience for mass production and production. Meanwhile, rubidium atoms have the advantages of low melting point and rich reserves, so that the rubidium atoms are one of the most commonly used quantum references in the field of atomic clocks.
In addition, the rubidium atoms can be used for manufacturing rubidium atom microwave clocks as a secondary frequency standard and can also be used for realizing optical frequency atomic clocks. For example, the internationally widely recognized 420nm rubidium atomic optical frequency standard based on modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization, and the 780nm rubidium atomic optical frequency standard based on dual resonance spectrum frequency stabilization, which has the best stability effect in the existing thermal atomic optical frequency standard, are all optical frequency standards realized by taking rubidium atoms as quantum references.
However, the rubidium atomic optical clock also faces some problems at present, because the atomic gas chamber must be heated sufficiently to make the atomic number density in the atomic gas chamber meet the requirement, therefore, the collision frequency shift existing in the thermal atomic scheme limits the stability index of the system to a great extent.
The integrating sphere is a hollow spherical cavity with the inner wall coated with diffuse reflection paint, also called a photometric sphere, the inner wall of the integrating sphere is coated with the diffuse reflection paint with high reflection efficiency, the integrating sphere has a spherical geometric structure, the integrating sphere can perform sufficient diffuse reflection on the light rays entering the integrating sphere to finally form a uniform light field, and the incident angle, the spatial distribution and the like of the incident light cannot influence the intensity and the uniformity of the output light beams.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rubidium atomic optical clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and an implementation method thereof, the invention applies the diffuse reflection principle of an integrating sphere to the design of an atomic gas chamber of a small rubidium atomic clock, the traditional atomic gas chamber is designed into a double-layer spherical structure from a cylinder, a vacuum structure is arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall, the inner wall of the atomic gas chamber is coated with a diffuse reflection coating with the reflectivity of more than 98 percent, two windows are reserved and are not coated with the diffuse reflection coating and are respectively used as a light inlet hole and a light outlet hole, rubidium atoms are filled in the atomic gas chamber, and thus, the improved atomic gas chamber is obtained. Through the design, the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere can be fully utilized to form a uniform optical field in the atomic gas chamber, so that rubidium atoms are cooled down, and the influence of collision frequency shift on system stability indexes existing in a thermal atom system is eliminated to the greatest extent.
In addition, because the detection light and the pump light are subjected to multiple diffuse reflection in the atomic gas chamber, the detection light and the pump light are subjected to more sufficient interaction with rubidium atoms, the influence of transition broadening is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved to a certain extent, and the stability index of the atomic clock is greatly improved.
Compared with the prior technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the first advantage is that the unique geometric structure and the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere are applied to the design of an atom air chamber of a rubidium atom optical clock, so that the atoms are cooled, the influence caused by collision frequency shift is reduced to a great extent, and the short-term stability index of the system is greatly improved.
The second advantage is that the detection light and the pump light are fully and diffusely reflected in the atomic gas chamber and are fully interacted with rubidium atoms in the gas chamber, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is greatly improved, and the system stability index of the rubidium atomic optical clock is improved by a near order of magnitude.
The third advantage is that in the design of atom air chamber, the structure of double-deck vacuum has been adopted, because the vacuum structure has fine thermal-insulated characteristic, so to the heat preservation effect of atom air chamber have very big promotion for temperature control accuracy is higher.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an atomic air chamber designs into bilayer spherical structure, vacuums between inlayer and the skin because the vacuum structure has fine heat preservation and heat insulation effect for atomic air chamber has had better suppression effect to ambient temperature's change in the atomic optical clock of improved generation rubidium atomic optical clock based on integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle, is applied to the atomic air chamber design of rubidium atomic optical clock with the peculiar diffuse reflection principle of integrating sphere. The surface of the inner layer is coated with the diffuse reflection coating with high reflectivity, two small windows are reserved in the inner layer and are not coated with the diffuse reflection coating and used as a light inlet hole and a light outlet hole of the atomic gas chamber, and the design has the advantage that the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection is utilized, so that laser emitted into the atomic gas chamber can be fully and diffusely reflected in the atomic gas chamber to form a uniform light field.
A laser signal emitted by a first laser passes through an isolator half-wave plate and is divided into two beams of laser by a polarization beam splitter prism, one beam of laser is used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the other beam of laser is directly output as clock laser, the laser signal used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization is divided into two beams by the polarization beam splitter prism again, one beam of laser is directly emitted into an atom air chamber as detection light to interact with atoms and then is emitted into a high-speed photoelectric detector, the other beam of laser is used as pump light, is modulated by an electro-optic phase modulator and then is superposed with the detection light in an atom air chamber in a reversed phase mode to interact with the atoms, meanwhile, one beam of cooling light is emitted by a second laser and is emitted into the atom air chamber together with the detection light, and an optical field formed by diffuse reflection interacts with the atoms so that rubidium atoms are cooled down. The high-speed photoelectric detector converts an optical signal into an electric signal after receiving the optical signal, the circuit system filters, amplifies and mixes the electric signal and a demodulation signal generated by a radio frequency signal source to generate an error signal, and transmits the error signal to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, and the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit controls a power supply system of the first laser, a fast feedback port and a slow feedback port of the first laser according to a servo signal generated by the error signal, so that the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection is realized.
The implementation method of the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the first laser 1 outputs a laser signal with 420nm, the laser signal passes through the isolator 2 and the first half-wave plate 3 and is divided into two beams by the first polarization beam splitter prism 4, one beam is used as clock laser to be output, and the other beam is used for a modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system; the polarization direction of the laser can be adjusted through the half-wave plate 3 and the half-wave plate is matched with the polarization beam splitter prism 4, so that the beam splitting ratio is changed.
2) Laser used for a modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system is divided into two beams by a second polarization beam splitter prism 5, one beam is used as pump light, the other beam is used as detection light, one beam which is used as detection light passes through a third polarization beam splitter prism 15 and then enters an improved atom air chamber 9 based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle from a light inlet, sufficient diffuse reflection is carried out in the improved atom air chamber 9 based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle, the laser interacts with rubidium atoms in the air chamber and then exits from a light outlet, and the laser enters a high-speed photoelectric detector 11 after passing through a fourth polarization beam splitter prism 10;
3) another laser signal as a pumping light is emitted to an electro-optical phase modulator 8(EOM) after passing through a Glan Taylor prism 6 and a second half-wave plate 7, the pumping light modulated by the electro-optical phase modulator 8 passes through a fourth polarization beam splitter prism 10 and then is reversely coincided with the detection light, the pumping light is emitted into an improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection from a light outlet, the improved atomic gas chamber and the detection light are subjected to sufficient diffuse reflection in the gas chamber and sufficient interaction with rubidium atoms in the gas chamber;
4) a laser signal of 780nm is output by the second laser 14 as cooling light, reflected by the third polarization beam splitter prism 15 and then emitted into the improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle together with the detection light, a uniform light field is formed in the gas chamber through diffuse reflection, and atoms are cooled down by the cooling light in the light field;
5) the high-speed photoelectric detector 11 converts the detection signal into an electric signal after receiving the detection signal, in step 3), a radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal to drive the electro-optical phase modulator 8 to perform phase modulation on the pump light, meanwhile, the radio frequency signal source generates a demodulation signal and the detection signal measured by the high-speed photoelectric detector 11 is subjected to filtering and frequency mixing processing (the circuit system is a known system and not shown in the figure) through a circuit system, so as to obtain an error signal, the error signal is transmitted to a laser phase demodulation and high-speed servo control circuit 12 to generate a servo signal, the servo signal is used for controlling a power supply system of the first laser 1 and a fast feedback port and a slow feedback port of the 420nm wide-spectrum first laser 1, frequency stabilization is performed on the first laser 1, and then an improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle is realized. The fast feedback port controls the current of the first laser 1 according to the servo signal, and the slow feedback port controls the cavity length of the first laser 1 according to the servo signal, namely, controls the piezoelectric ceramic of the first laser 1.
Furthermore, although the double-layer vacuum structure has better heat preservation and heat insulation effects, the improved atomic gas chamber based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle is subjected to heat control and magnetic shielding treatment during specific implementation, the double-layer vacuum structure enables the temperature control of the system to be more accurate, the heat preservation performance to be better, and the influence of the environment temperature change on the atomic gas chamber is reduced to a greater extent.
In specific implementation, the invention provides an improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle, which comprises: the photoelectric detector comprises a first laser, an isolator, a first half-wave plate, a first polarization splitting prism, a second polarization splitting prism, a Glan Taylor prism, a second half-wave plate, an electro-optic phase modulator, a third polarization splitting prism, an improved atomic gas chamber based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle, a high-speed photoelectric detector, a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, a power supply system, a second laser and a fourth polarization splitting prism.
The overall process of the system for realizing the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle is as follows:
the first laser emits a 420nm laser signal, the laser signal passes through an isolator and a first half-wave plate and is divided into two laser signals by a first polarization beam splitter prism, one laser signal is used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the other laser signal is directly output as 420nm clock laser, the laser signal used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization is divided into two laser signals by a second polarization beam splitter prism, one laser signal is used as detection light, the detection light directly enters an improved atomic gas chamber based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle from a light inlet to interact with rubidium atoms, then exits from a light outlet to emit to a high-speed photoelectric detector, the other laser signal is used as pumping light, passes through a Glan Taylor prism and a second half-wave plate, enters a phase modulator to be modulated, is in reverse phase coincidence with the detection light, enters the improved atomic gas chamber based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle from the photoelectric light outlet, and interacts with atoms in the gas chamber together with the incident light, meanwhile, the second laser emits a laser signal of 780nm as cooling light, the cooling light completely coincides with the detection light after passing through the fourth polarization beam splitting prism, the cooling light enters the improved atom air chamber based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection through the light inlet hole, the uniform cooling light field is formed by sufficient diffuse reflection in the air chamber, and the atoms are cooled down by the cooling light. The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal to drive the electro-optical phase modulator to perform phase modulation on pump light, meanwhile, the generated demodulation signal and a signal measured by the high-speed photoelectric detector are filtered and frequency-mixed through a circuit system to obtain an error signal, the error signal is transmitted to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, and the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit controls a power supply system of the first laser and a fast feedback port and a slow feedback port of the first laser through a servo signal generated by the error signal, so that the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle is realized.
Further, improved generation atom air chamber based on integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle is double glazing structure, is the vacuum structure between inlayer and the skin, does so in order to carry out better heat preservation to the atom air chamber, makes the atom air chamber have better suppression effect to external environment temperature's change, and then guarantees the interior atom temperature of air chamber invariable, lift system's accuse temperature precision.
Further, the inner surface of the improved atomic gas cell based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection provided by the present invention may be coated with a white water-based barium sulfate reflective material, but is not limited thereto, and may also be coated with other diffuse reflective materials with high diffraction efficiency, such as silver-plated inner surface.
Furthermore, the positions of the light inlet hole and the light outlet hole of the improved atomic gas chamber based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection are not limited to the angles shown in the drawings of the patent, but the patent is only described by the examples, but it should be noted that a certain angle needs to be formed between the light inlet hole and the light outlet hole, so as to prevent the laser signal from directly emitting from the light outlet hole without sufficient diffuse reflection after entering from the light inlet hole, and avoid that the atoms cannot be sufficiently cooled by the cooling light, and the probe light and the pumping light cannot sufficiently react with the atoms.
Furthermore, in a modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the electro-optic phase modulator can have certain residual amplitude modulation in the phase modulation process.
Further, the modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system comprises a radio frequency signal source besides the optical path system, wherein the radio frequency signal source is used for generating a modulation signal to perform phase modulation on the pump light passing through the electro-optical modulator, and simultaneously generating a demodulation signal which is used for performing frequency mixing with a detection signal measured by the high-speed photoelectric detector, so that an error signal is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical innovations that:
1. the invention provides an improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and an implementation method thereof, and the integrating sphere specific diffuse reflection principle is applied to the design of a rubidium atomic optical clock atomic gas chamber, so that atoms in the gas chamber are cooled by cooling light, the influence of collision frequency shift on the system stability is effectively inhibited, and the system stability index of the rubidium atomic optical clock is improved by near order of magnitude.
2. According to the invention, through a unique double-layer vacuum atomic gas chamber structure, atomic cooling is realized, and simultaneously, the atomic gas chamber of the rubidium atomic optical clock has a better heat preservation effect.
3. The improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle not only enables the existing rubidium atomic optical clock to realize more accurate temperature control and heat preservation, but also avoids frequency shift caused by collision among thermal atoms to a great extent, greatly improves the system stability index of the rubidium atomic optical clock, and provides new ideas and directions for the development of other small atomic clocks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of an improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection according to the present invention;
wherein: 1-a first laser, 2-an isolator, 3-a first half wave plate, 4-a first polarization beam splitter prism, 5-a second polarization beam splitter prism, 6-a Glan Taylor prism, 7-a second half wave plate, 8-an electro-optic phase modulator, 9-an improved atomic gas chamber based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection, 10-a fourth polarization beam splitter prism, 11-a high-speed photoelectric detector, 12-a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, 13-a power supply system, 14-a second laser and 15-a third polarization beam splitter prism.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection comprises: the device comprises a first laser 1, an isolator 2, a first half-wave plate 3, a first polarization beam splitter prism 4, a second polarization beam splitter prism 5, a Glan Taylor prism 6, a second half-wave plate 7, an electro-optic phase modulator 8, an improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle, a fourth polarization beam splitter prism 10, a high-speed photoelectric detector 11, a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit 12, a power supply system 13, a second laser 14 and a third polarization beam splitter prism 15.
A first laser 1 emits a 420nm laser signal, the laser signal passes through an isolator 2 and a first half-wave plate 3 and is divided into two laser signals by a first polarization beam splitter prism 4, one laser signal is used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the other laser signal is directly output as 420nm clock laser, the laser signal used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization is divided into two laser signals by a second polarization beam splitter prism 5, one laser signal is used as detection light, the other laser signal directly enters an improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle from a light inlet to interact with rubidium atoms, then the laser signal is emitted from a light outlet to emit to a high-speed photoelectric detector 11, the other laser signal is used as pumping light, the pumping light passes through a Glan Taylor prism 6 and a second half-wave plate 7 and then enters an electro-optical phase modulator 8 to be modulated, the detection light is in reverse phase coincidence with the detection light and then enters an improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle from the light outlet to interact with atoms in the gas chamber together with the detection light, meanwhile, the second laser 14 emits a laser signal of 780nm as cooling light, the cooling light is completely overlapped with the detection light through the third polarization beam splitter prism 15, the cooling light enters the improved atom air chamber 9 based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection through the light inlet hole, the uniform cooling light field is formed by sufficient diffuse reflection in the air chamber, and the atoms are cooled down by the cooling light. The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal to drive the electro-optical phase modulator 8 to perform phase modulation on pump light, meanwhile, the generated demodulation signal and a signal measured by the high-speed photoelectric detector 11 are filtered and mixed by a circuit system to obtain an error signal, the error signal is transmitted to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit 12, and the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit 12 controls the power supply system 13 of the first laser 1 and the fast feedback port and the slow feedback port of the first laser 1 through a servo signal generated by the error signal, so that the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle is realized.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. The above replacement includes replacement of different lasers, replacement of the diffuse reflection material adopted by the inner wall of the atom gas chamber, replacement of different alkali metal atoms in the atom gas chamber, replacement of the light inlet hole, the light outlet hole position and the angle of the atom gas chamber, and any position required by different systems and different optical frequency standards is possible. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The rubidium atomic optical clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle comprises an atomic air chamber and is characterized in that the atomic air chamber is of a double-layer spherical structure, two areas are selected on the surface of an inner layer to serve as a light inlet hole and a light outlet hole of the atomic air chamber, and a high-reflectivity diffuse reflection coating is coated on the surface of the inner layer except the two selected areas.
2. The rubidium atomic optical clock according to claim 1, wherein a vacuum is drawn between the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer spherical structure.
3. The rubidium atomic optical clock according to claim 1, further comprising a first laser (1), an isolator (2), a first half-wave plate (3), a first polarization beam splitter prism (4), a second polarization beam splitter prism (5), a Glan Taylor prism (6), a second half-wave plate (7), an electro-optic phase modulator (8), a third polarization beam splitter prism (15), a high-speed photodetector (11), a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12), a power supply system (13), a second laser (14) and a fourth polarization beam splitter prism (10); laser signals output by the first laser (1) pass through the isolator (2) and the first half-wave plate (3) and then enter the first polarization beam splitter prism (4) to be divided into two beams to be output, one beam is used as clock laser to be output, and the other beam is used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system; laser used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system is divided into two beams by a second polarization beam splitter prism (5), one beam is used as pump light, and the other beam is used as probe light; one beam of the detection light passes through a third polarization beam splitter prism (15) and then is emitted into an atomic gas chamber from the light inlet, and light emitted from the light outlet passes through a fourth polarization beam splitter prism (10) and then is emitted into a high-speed photoelectric detector (11); laser signals serving as pumping light sequentially pass through a Glan Taylor prism (6) and a second half-wave plate (7) and then are emitted to an electro-optic phase modulator (8), the pumping light modulated by the electro-optic phase modulator (8) passes through a fourth polarization beam splitter prism (10), then is reversely coincided with the detection light, and is emitted into the atomic gas chamber from a light outlet; a laser signal output by the second laser (14) is used as cooling light and is reflected into the atomic gas chamber through a third polarization beam splitter prism (15); the high-speed photoelectric detector (11) converts the received optical signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit generates an error signal according to the electric signal and a demodulation signal generated by the radio frequency signal source and sends the error signal to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12); the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12) generates a servo signal according to the error signal to control the output of the first wide-spectrum laser.
4. The rubidium atomic optical clock according to claim 3, wherein the laser phase detection and high-speed servo control circuit (12) sends the generated servo signals to the power system (13) of the first laser (1) and the fast feedback port and the slow feedback port of the first laser (1), respectively.
5. The rubidium atomic optical clock according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the high reflectivity diffuse reflective coating is white water-based barium sulfate reflective material, or other diffuse reflective material with high diffraction efficiency.
6. A rubidium atomic optical clock implementation method based on integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle comprises the following steps:
1) laser signals output by the first laser (1) pass through the isolator (2) and the first half-wave plate (3) and then are divided into two beams by the first polarization beam splitter prism (4), one beam is used as clock laser to be output, and the other beam is used for a modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system;
2) laser used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system is divided into two beams by a second polarization beam splitter prism (5), one beam is used as pump light, and the other beam is used as probe light; one beam of the detection light passes through a third polarization beam splitter prism (15) and then enters an atomic gas chamber (9) from a light inlet hole of the atomic gas chamber (9), and light emitted from a light outlet hole of the atomic gas chamber (9) passes through a fourth polarization beam splitter prism (10) and then enters a high-speed photoelectric detector (11); the atomic gas chamber (9) is of a double-layer spherical structure, two areas are selected on the surface of the inner layer to serve as a light inlet hole and a light outlet hole of the atomic gas chamber (9), and the surface of the inner layer is coated with high-reflectivity diffuse reflection coating except the two selected areas;
3) laser signals serving as pumping light sequentially pass through a Glan Taylor prism (6) and a second half-wave plate (7) and then are emitted to an electro-optic phase modulator (8), the pumping light modulated by the electro-optic phase modulator (8) passes through a fourth polarization beam splitter prism (10), then is reversely coincided with the detection light, and is emitted into the atomic gas chamber (9) from a light outlet;
4) a laser signal output by the second laser (14) is used as cooling light of atoms in the atomic gas chamber (9) and is reflected into the atomic gas chamber (9) through a third polarization beam splitter prism (15);
5) the high-speed photoelectric detector (11) converts the received optical signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit generates an error signal according to the electric signal and a demodulation signal generated by the radio frequency signal source and sends the error signal to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12);
6) the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12) generates a servo signal according to the error signal to control the first broad-spectrum laser to output frequency stabilization.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein a vacuum is drawn between the inner and outer layers of the double-layer spherical structure.
8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the laser phase detection and high speed servo control circuit (12) sends the generated servo signals to the power supply system (13) of the first laser (1) and the fast feedback port and the slow feedback port of the first laser (1), respectively.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the high reflectivity diffuse reflective coating is a white water-based barium sulfate reflective material, or other diffuse reflective material with high diffraction efficiency.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117589294A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Spherical integrating cavity structure and off-axis integrating cavity gas measuring instrument |
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| CN117589294B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-09 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Spherical integrating cavity structure and off-axis integrating cavity gas measuring instrument |
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