CN114578678B - Rubidium atomic light clock based on integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Rubidium atomic light clock based on integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114578678B CN114578678B CN202210187953.8A CN202210187953A CN114578678B CN 114578678 B CN114578678 B CN 114578678B CN 202210187953 A CN202210187953 A CN 202210187953A CN 114578678 B CN114578678 B CN 114578678B
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- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rubidium atomic light clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and an implementation method thereof. The rubidium atomic light clock comprises an atomic air chamber and is characterized in that the atomic air chamber is of a double-layer spherical structure, two areas on the surface of an inner layer are selected to serve as light inlet holes and light outlet holes of the atomic air chamber, and diffuse reflection coating with high reflectivity is coated outside the two selected areas on the surface of the inner layer. By the design, a uniform light field can be formed in the atomic gas chamber by fully utilizing the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere, so that rubidium atoms are cooled down, and the influence of collision frequency shift existing in a hot atomic system on the system stability index is eliminated to a great extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical frequency standards, in particular to a rubidium atomic light clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and an implementation method thereof.
Background
Among the plurality of quantum frequency reference alkali metal atoms, rubidium atoms have the characteristics of simple quantum structure, easy extraction and convenient mass production. Meanwhile, rubidium atoms have the advantages of low melting point and abundant reserves, so that the rubidium atoms are one of the most commonly used quantum references in the atomic clock field.
In addition, rubidium atoms can be used for manufacturing rubidium atomic microwave clocks, and can be used for realizing optical frequency atomic clocks as a secondary frequency standard. For example, a 420nm rubidium atomic light frequency standard based on modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization which is widely accepted internationally, and a 780nm rubidium atomic light frequency standard based on double resonance spectrum frequency stabilization with the best stability effect in the existing thermoatomic light frequency standard are all optical frequency standards realized by adopting rubidium atoms as quantum references.
However, the rubidium atomic light clock also faces some problems at present, because the atomic number density in the atomic gas chamber can meet the requirement by sufficiently heating the atomic gas chamber, so that the collision frequency shift existing in the thermal atomic scheme greatly limits the stability index of the system.
The integrating sphere is a hollow spherical cavity with the inner wall coated with diffuse reflection coating, also called as a photometer sphere, the inner wall of the integrating sphere is coated with diffuse reflection coating with high reflection efficiency, the geometry of the integrating sphere is spherical, the light rays entering the integrating sphere can be fully diffusely reflected, a uniform light field is finally formed, and the incident angle, the spatial distribution and the like of the incident light cannot influence the intensity and the uniformity of an output light beam.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a rubidium atomic light clock based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere and a realization method thereof. By the design, a uniform light field can be formed in the atomic gas chamber by fully utilizing the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere, so that rubidium atoms are cooled down, and the influence of collision frequency shift existing in a hot atomic system on the system stability index is eliminated to a great extent.
In addition, because the detection light and the pump light perform diffuse reflection for many times in the atomic gas chamber, the detection light and the pump light perform more sufficient interaction with rubidium atoms, the influence of transition broadening is reduced, the signal to noise ratio of the system is improved to a certain extent, and the stability index of the atomic clock is greatly improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The first advantage is that by applying the unique geometric structure and diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere to the atomic gas chamber design of the rubidium atomic optical clock, the cooling of atoms is realized, the influence caused by collision frequency shift is greatly reduced, and the short-term stability index of the system is greatly improved.
The second advantage is that the detection light and the pump light are fully diffusely reflected in the atomic gas chamber, so that the detection light and the pump light interact with rubidium atoms in the gas chamber more fully, the signal to noise ratio of the system is greatly improved, and the system stability index of the rubidium atomic optical clock is improved by nearly an order of magnitude.
The third advantage is that in the design of the atomic gas chamber, a double-layer vacuum structure is adopted, and the vacuum structure has good heat insulation property, so that the heat insulation effect of the atomic gas chamber is greatly improved, and the temperature control precision is higher.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an improved generation rubidium atomic light clock based on integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle, is applied to the atomic air chamber design of rubidium atomic light clock with the peculiar diffuse reflection principle of integrating sphere, designs into double-deck spherical structure with the atomic air chamber, vacuums between inlayer and the skin, because vacuum structure has fine heat preservation and thermal-insulated effect for the atomic air chamber has better suppression effect to the change of ambient temperature. The surface of the inner layer is coated with diffuse reflection coating with high reflectivity, wherein two small 'windows' are reserved without diffuse reflection coating, and the diffuse reflection coating is used as a light inlet and a light outlet of the atomic air chamber.
The first laser emits laser signals, the laser signals are divided into two beams of laser by the polarization beam splitter prism through the half-wave plate of the isolator, one beam is used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the other beam is used as clock laser to be directly output, the laser signals for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization are divided into two beams by the polarization beam splitter prism again, one beam is used as detection light to directly enter an atomic air chamber to interact with atoms and then enter a high-speed photoelectric detector, the other beam is used as pumping light to be modulated by the electro-optic phase modulator and then overlap with the detection light in opposite phase to interact with the atoms in the atomic air chamber, and meanwhile, one beam of cooling light is emitted by the second laser and enters the atomic air chamber together with the detection light, and the optical field formed by diffuse reflection interacts with the atoms so that rubidium atoms are cooled down. After receiving the optical signal, the high-speed photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal, the circuit system filters, amplifies and mixes the demodulation signal generated by the electric signal and the radio frequency signal source to generate an error signal, and transmits the error signal to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, and the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit controls the power supply system of the first laser and the fast feedback port and the slow feedback port of the first laser according to the servo signal generated by the error signal, so that the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere is realized.
The method for realizing the improved rubidium atomic light clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle specifically comprises the following steps:
1) The first laser 1 outputs a 420nm laser signal, the laser signal is divided into two beams by the first polarization splitting prism 4 after passing through the isolator 2 and the first half wave plate 3, one beam is used as clock laser to be output, and the other beam is used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system; the polarization direction of the laser light can be adjusted by the half wave plate 3 and matched with the polarization splitting prism 4 to change the splitting ratio.
2) The laser used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system is divided into two beams by the second polarization beam splitter prism 5, one beam is used as pumping light, the other beam is used as detection light, one beam used as detection light is injected into the improved atomic air chamber 9 based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere from an optical inlet after passing through the third polarization beam splitter prism 15, is fully diffusely reflected in the improved atomic air chamber 9 based on the principle of diffuse reflection of the integrating sphere, interacts with rubidium atoms in the air chamber, is injected from an optical outlet after passing through the fourth polarization beam splitter prism 10, and is injected into the high-speed photoelectric detector 11;
3) The other beam of laser signal serving as pump light is emitted to an electro-optic phase modulator 8 (EOM) after passing through a Glan Taylor prism 6 and a second half-wave plate 7, the pump light modulated by the electro-optic phase modulator 8 is reversely overlapped with the detected light after passing through a fourth polarization splitting prism 10, and is emitted into an improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere from a light outlet hole, fully diffuse reflected in the gas chamber together with the detected light and fully interacted with rubidium atoms in the gas chamber;
4) The second laser 14 outputs a 780nm laser signal as cooling light, and the cooling light is reflected by the third polarization splitting prism 15 and then is injected into the improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on the principle of diffuse reflection of the integrating sphere together with the detection light, a uniform light field is formed in the gas chamber through diffuse reflection, and atoms are cooled down in the light field by the cooling light;
5) The high-speed photodetector 11 receives the detection signal and converts the detection signal into an electric signal, the radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal to drive the electro-optic phase modulator 8 to perform phase modulation on the pump light in step 3), meanwhile, the radio frequency signal source generates a demodulation signal and the detection signal obtained by the high-speed photodetector 11 is subjected to filtering and mixing treatment through a circuit system (the circuit system is a known system and is not shown in the figure), so as to obtain an error signal, and the error signal is transmitted to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit 12 to generate a servo signal for controlling the power supply system of the first laser 1 and the fast feedback port and the slow feedback port of the 420nm wide-spectrum first laser 1 to perform frequency stabilization on the first laser 1, thereby realizing the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle. The fast feedback port controls the current of the first laser 1 according to the servo signal, and the slow feedback port controls the cavity length of the first laser 1 according to the servo signal, i.e. controls the piezoelectric ceramic of the first laser 1.
Further, although the double-layer vacuum structure has better heat preservation and heat insulation effects, the improved atomic gas chamber based on the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere is subjected to heat preservation and magnetic shielding treatment in the concrete implementation of the invention, and the double-layer vacuum structure ensures that the temperature control of the system is more accurate, the heat preservation performance is better, and the influence of the environmental temperature change on the atomic gas chamber is reduced to a greater extent.
In specific implementation, the invention provides an improved rubidium atomic light clock based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a first laser, an isolator, a first half wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter prism, a second polarization beam splitter prism, a gram Taylor prism, a second half wave plate, an electro-optic phase modulator, a third polarization beam splitter prism, an improved atomic air chamber based on the diffuse reflection principle of an integrating sphere, a high-speed photoelectric detector, a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, a power supply system, a second laser and a fourth polarization beam splitter prism.
The system realizes the improved rubidium atomic light clock based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere and comprises the following overall processes:
The first laser emits 420nm laser signals, the laser signals are divided into two beams by the first polarization splitting prism after passing through the isolator and the first half wave plate, one beam is used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the other beam is used as 420nm clock laser and directly output, the laser signals used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization are divided into two beams by the second polarization splitting prism, one beam is used as detection light, the detection light is directly emitted into the improved atomic air chamber based on the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere from the light inlet, then emitted from the light outlet and emitted to the high-speed photoelectric detector, the other beam is used as pumping light, and after passing through the gram-Taylor prism and the second half wave plate, the pumping light is emitted into the electro-optic phase modulator for modulation, and is reversely overlapped with the detection light, then emitted into the improved atomic air chamber based on the diffuse reflection principle of the integrating sphere from the light outlet, and interacts with atoms in the air chamber together with the incident light, meanwhile, the second laser emits a 780nm laser signal as cooling light, after passing through the fourth polarization splitting prism, the detection light is completely overlapped with the detection light, the atomic air chamber is cooled by the inlet, and the atomic air chamber is fully cooled by the improved atomic reflection principle based on the diffuse reflection of the integrating sphere, and the atomic cooling light is fully emitted under the principle. The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal to drive the electro-optic phase modulator to carry out phase modulation on pump light, meanwhile, a demodulation signal and a signal measured by the high-speed photoelectric detector are generated to carry out filtering and mixing processing through a circuit system, so that an error signal is obtained, the error signal is transmitted to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, and the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit controls a power supply system of the first laser and a fast feedback port and a slow feedback port of the first laser through the servo signal generated by the error signal, so that an improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere is realized.
Further, the improved atomic air chamber based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle is of a double-layer glass structure, a vacuum structure is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer, so that the atomic air chamber is better insulated, the atomic air chamber has a better inhibition effect on the change of the external environment temperature, the atomic temperature in the air chamber is ensured to be constant, and the temperature control precision of the system is improved.
Further, the improved atomic gas chamber based on the principle of diffuse reflection of the integrating sphere provided by the invention can be a white water-based barium sulfate reflective material with diffuse reflection treatment coated on the inner surface, but is not limited to this, and can be other diffuse reflective materials with high diffraction efficiency, such as silver plating on the inner surface.
Further, the positions of the light inlet and the light outlet of the improved atomic gas chamber based on the principle of diffuse reflection of the integrating sphere are not limited to the angles in the drawings of the patent, but the patent is only described by such examples, but it is noted that a certain angle needs to be formed between the light inlet and the light outlet, so as to prevent the laser signal from being emitted from the light inlet, and the laser signal from being directly emitted from the light outlet without performing sufficient diffuse reflection, so that the cooling light is prevented from being insufficient to cool atoms, and the detection light and the pumping light are not sufficiently reacted with the atoms.
In addition, in the modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the electro-optic phase modulator has certain residual amplitude modulation in the phase modulation process, and the gram Taylor prism is added in front of the electro-optic phase modulator and is matched with the second half-wave plate to adjust the polarization direction of the pumping light, so that the influence caused by the residual amplitude modulation is reduced.
Further, the modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system comprises a radio frequency signal source besides the optical path system, and is used for generating a modulation signal to carry out phase modulation on the pump light passing through the electro-optical modulator, and generating a demodulation signal to be mixed with the detection signal measured by the high-speed photoelectric detector, so that an error signal is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical innovation that:
1. the invention provides an improved rubidium atomic light clock based on an integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle and an implementation method thereof, wherein the special diffuse reflection principle of an integrating sphere is applied to the design of a rubidium atomic light Zhong Yuanzi air chamber, so that atoms in the air chamber are cooled down by cooling light, the influence of collision frequency shift on the system stability is effectively restrained, and the system stability index of the rubidium atomic light clock is improved by nearly an order of magnitude.
2. According to the invention, through a unique double-layer vacuum atomic air chamber structure, atomic cooling is realized, and meanwhile, the atomic air chamber of the rubidium atomic optical clock has a better heat preservation effect, and because the vacuum structure has a better heat insulation characteristic, the temperature control precision of the system to the atomic air chamber is greatly improved by the design, and the system has a better inhibition effect on the change of the environmental temperature.
3. The improved rubidium atomic light clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle not only enables the traditional rubidium atomic light clock to realize more accurate temperature control and heat preservation, but also avoids frequency shift caused by collision among hot atoms to a great extent, greatly improves the system stability index of the rubidium atomic light clock, and provides a new thought and direction for the development of other small atomic clocks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an optical path of an improved rubidium atomic light clock based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere;
wherein: 1-first laser, 2-isolator, 3-first half wave plate, 4-first polarization beam splitter prism, 5-second polarization beam splitter prism, 6-gram Taylor prism, 7-second half wave plate, 8-electro-optic phase modulator, 9-improved atomic air chamber based on the principle of diffuse reflection of integrating sphere, 10-fourth polarization beam splitter prism, 11-high-speed photoelectric detector, 12-laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit, 13-power supply system, 14-second laser and 15-third polarization beam splitter prism.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the improved rubidium atomic light clock based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection comprises: the device comprises a first laser 1, an isolator 2, a first half wave plate 3, a first polarization splitting prism 4, a second polarization splitting prism 5, a gram taylor prism 6, a second half wave plate 7, an electro-optic phase modulator 8, an improved atomic air chamber 9 based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere, a fourth polarization splitting prism 10, a high-speed photoelectric detector 11, a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit 12, a power supply system 13, a second laser 14 and a third polarization splitting prism 15.
The first laser 1 emits 420nm laser signals, the first half wave plate 3 is divided into two laser signals by the first polarization splitting prism 4 after passing through the isolator 2, one beam is used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system, the other beam is used as 420nm clock laser light to be directly output, the laser signals used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization are divided into two beams by the second polarization splitting prism 5, one beam is used as detection light, the laser signals directly enter an improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere to interact with rubidium atoms from an optical inlet, then the laser signals are emitted from an optical outlet to the high-speed photoelectric detector 11, the other beam is used as pumping light, the pumping light is emitted into the electro-optic phase modulator 8 for modulation after passing through the gram-taylor prism 6 and the second half wave plate 7, the laser signals are emitted into the improved atomic gas chamber 9 based on the principle of diffuse reflection of the integrating sphere after being overlapped with the detection light in opposite phase, the laser signals interact with atoms in the gas chamber together with the detection light, meanwhile, the second laser 14 emits the laser signals of 780nm as cooling light, the laser signals are completely overlapped with the detection light through the third polarization splitting prism 15 and the detection light, the cooling light is fully reflected by the atomic gas chamber based on the principle of diffuse reflection of the integrating sphere in the optical inlet, and the improved atomic gas chamber is cooled down fully. The radio frequency signal source generates a modulation signal to drive the electro-optic phase modulator 8 to modulate the phase of the pump light, and meanwhile, generates a demodulation signal and a signal measured by the high-speed photoelectric detector 11 to carry out filtering and mixing processing through a circuit system so as to obtain an error signal, the error signal is transmitted to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit 12, and the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit 12 controls the power supply system 13 of the first laser 1 and the fast feedback port and the slow feedback port of the first laser 1 through the servo signal generated by the error signal, so that the improved rubidium atomic optical clock based on the principle of diffuse reflection of an integrating sphere is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that the examples are disclosed for the purpose of aiding in the further understanding of the present invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various alternatives and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. The replacement comprises the replacement of different lasers, the replacement of diffuse reflection materials adopted by the inner wall of the atomic gas chamber, the replacement of different alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber, the replacement of the positions and angles of the light inlet holes and the light outlet holes of the atomic gas chamber, and any positions required by different systems and different optical frequency standards can be adopted. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but rather the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The rubidium atomic light clock based on the integrating sphere diffuse reflection principle comprises an atomic gas chamber, a first laser (1), an isolator (2), a first half wave plate (3), a first polarization splitting prism (4), a second polarization splitting prism (5), a gram taylor prism (6), a second half wave plate (7), an electro-optic phase modulator (8), a third polarization splitting prism (15), a high-speed photoelectric detector (11), a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12), a power supply system (13), a second laser (14) and a fourth polarization splitting prism (10), and is characterized in that the atomic gas chamber is of a double-layer spherical structure, two areas are selected on the surface of an inner layer of the double-layer spherical structure as light inlet holes and light outlet holes of the atomic gas chamber, and diffuse reflection coating with high reflectivity is coated outside the selected two areas on the surface of the inner layer; a certain angle is formed between the light inlet hole and the light outlet hole;
The laser signal output by the first laser (1) is transmitted to the first polarization splitting prism (4) through the isolator (2) and the first half wave plate (3) and then is split into two beams to be output, one beam is used as clock laser to be output, and the other beam is used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system; the laser used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system is divided into two beams by a second polarization splitting prism (5), one beam is used as pumping light, and the other beam is used as detection light; one beam of detection light is emitted into the atomic air chamber from the light inlet hole after passing through the third polarization splitting prism (15), and the light emitted from the light outlet hole is emitted into the high-speed photoelectric detector (11) after passing through the fourth polarization splitting prism (10); the laser signal serving as the pump light sequentially passes through a gram Taylor prism (6) and a second half-wave plate (7) and then is emitted to an electro-optic phase modulator (8), and the pump light modulated by the electro-optic phase modulator (8) is reversely overlapped with the detection light after passing through a fourth polarization splitting prism (10) and then is emitted into the atomic gas chamber from a light outlet; the laser signal output by the second laser (14) is used as cooling light and is reflected into the atomic gas chamber through a third polarization splitting prism (15); the high-speed photoelectric detector (11) converts the received optical signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit generates an error signal according to the electric signal and a demodulation signal generated by a radio frequency signal source and sends the error signal to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12); a laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12) generates a servo signal according to the error signal to control the output of the first broad spectrum laser.
2. The rubidium atomic clock of claim 1, wherein a vacuum is drawn between the inner and outer layers of the double-layer spherical structure.
3. The rubidium atomic clock according to claim 1, wherein the laser phase discrimination and high speed servo control circuit (12) sends generated servo signals to a power supply system (13) of the first laser (1) and to a fast feedback port and a slow feedback port of the first laser (1), respectively.
4. The rubidium atomic clock of claim 1 or 2, wherein the high reflectivity diffuse reflective coating is a white water-based barium sulfate reflective material, or other diffuse reflective material with high diffraction efficiency.
5. A rubidium atomic light clock implementation method based on the principle of integrating sphere diffuse reflection comprises the following steps:
1) after laser signals output by a first laser (1) pass through an isolator (2) and a first half wave plate (3), the laser signals are divided into two beams by a first polarization splitting prism (4), one beam is used as clock laser to be output, and the other beam is used for modulating a transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system;
2) The laser used for modulating the transfer spectrum frequency stabilization system is divided into two beams by a second polarization splitting prism (5), one beam is used as pumping light, and the other beam is used as detection light; one beam serving as detection light is emitted into the atomic gas chamber (9) from a light inlet hole of the atomic gas chamber (9) after passing through the third polarization splitting prism (15), and light emitted from a light outlet hole of the atomic gas chamber (9) is emitted into the high-speed photoelectric detector (11) after passing through the fourth polarization splitting prism (10); the atomic gas chamber (9) is of a double-layer spherical structure, two areas are selected on the surface of an inner layer of the double-layer spherical structure to serve as light inlet holes and light outlet holes of the atomic gas chamber (9), and diffuse reflection paint with high reflectivity is coated outside the selected two areas on the surface of the inner layer; a certain angle is formed between the light inlet hole and the light outlet hole;
3) The laser signal used as the pumping light sequentially passes through a gram Taylor prism (6) and a second half wave plate (7) and then is emitted to an electro-optic phase modulator (8), the pumping light modulated by the electro-optic phase modulator (8) passes through a fourth polarization splitting prism (10) and then is reversely overlapped with the detection light, and the pumping light is emitted into the atomic gas chamber (9) from a light outlet;
4) The laser signal output by the second laser (14) is used as cooling light of atoms in the atom air chamber (9), and is reflected into the atom air chamber (9) through a third polarization splitting prism (15);
5) The high-speed photoelectric detector (11) converts the received optical signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit generates an error signal according to the electric signal and a demodulation signal generated by a radio frequency signal source and sends the error signal to the laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12);
6) A laser phase discrimination and high-speed servo control circuit (12) generates a servo signal according to the error signal to control the frequency stabilization output of the first broad spectrum laser.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein a vacuum is drawn between the inner and outer layers of the bi-layer spherical structure.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the laser phase discrimination and high speed servo control circuit (12) sends the generated servo signals to a power supply system (13) of the first laser (1) and to a fast feedback port and a slow feedback port of the first laser (1), respectively.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the high reflectivity diffuse reflective coating is a white water-based barium sulfate reflective material, or other diffuse reflective material having high diffraction efficiency.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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