CN112013828A - Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with integrated pumping laser and atomic gas chamber - Google Patents
Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with integrated pumping laser and atomic gas chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN112013828A CN112013828A CN201910450336.0A CN201910450336A CN112013828A CN 112013828 A CN112013828 A CN 112013828A CN 201910450336 A CN201910450336 A CN 201910450336A CN 112013828 A CN112013828 A CN 112013828A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/60—Electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance gyrometers
- G01C19/62—Electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance gyrometers with optical pumping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/03—Constructional details of gas laser discharge tubes
- H01S3/031—Metal vapour lasers, e.g. metal vapour generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/22—Gases
- H01S3/227—Metal vapour
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with integrated pumping laser and atomic gas chamber, which is characterized in that a glass gas chamber containing gaseous spin is arranged in an alkali metal laser resonant cavity to form a part of a laser, and spin polarization is realized, and the glass gas chamber is used as a basic device for the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope. And a crystal optical rotator is arranged in the cavity, so that the laser passing through the sensing chamber is in a circular polarization state, and the alkali metal atoms in the sensing chamber can generate spin polarization. The frequency and power parameters of the emergent laser are stabilized by increasing the stable control structure of the laser frequency and power. The invention integrates the alkali metal gain medium and the spin sensing atomic gas chamber together, provides the polarization device with stable parameter control, has the advantages of simple structure, good compactness, good stability, low price and the like, and has good application prospect in atomic sensing devices such as nuclear magnetic resonance gyros and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to high-sensitivity measurement based on the interaction of atomic spin and angular velocity and even spin with other physical fields (such as magnetic fields), and belongs to the field of atomic sensing.
Background
The nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope based on atomic spin has the advantages of small volume, high precision and the like, and has great application potential in the technical field of inertia.
In an apparatus for performing measurement using atomic spin, a glass gas cell is generally used to seal a certain amount of alkali metal gas, and sometimes a seal buffer gas such as helium, a quenching gas such as nitrogen, an inert gas that supplies nuclear spin, or the like is also required. In order to polarize atomic spins, a spin-exchange optical pumping technique is generally used, in which alkali metal vapor is irradiated with circularly polarized laser light that resonates with alkali metal atoms, and the alkali metal atoms absorb circularly polarized light electrons to obtain a unit angular momentum, thereby generating spin polarization. When inert gas exists in the glass gas chamber, the angular momentum can be transferred to the nuclear spin of the inert gas through the spin exchange effect between alkali metal atoms and the inert gas, so that the spin polarization of the nuclear spin is realized. The atomic spins after polarization can be used for measuring physical quantities such as angular velocity and magnetic field by using the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance, optical magnetic resonance and the like.
For convenience of explanation, the present invention will be described below by taking a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope as an example, but the present invention may be applied to devices such as a spin exchange relaxation-free atomic spin gyroscope (SERF gyroscope), an atomic magnetometer, and the like with slight modifications.
Semiconductor lasers have the advantages of small size, high electro-optic conversion efficiency, wide wavelength range, easy tuning and the like, and are widely used in polarization devices for atomic spin. However, in order to obtain a stable and uniform atomic spin polarization effect, the semiconductor laser needs to be shaped, collimated, frequency stabilized, and the like, so that there are many accessory components, and the operating current of the semiconductor laser and the current of the electric refrigerator (TEC) generate a certain magnetic field, which may affect the operating state of spin and adversely affect the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with integrated pumping laser and atomic sensing gas chamber, which is characterized in that a sensing glass gas chamber (called as a sensing chamber) containing gaseous spin is arranged in an alkali metal laser resonant cavity to form a part of a laser, and the sensing glass gas chamber is used as a basic device for the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope. The working principle is described below. Rubidium atoms and required buffer gas are filled into a glass gas chamber and placed in a laser resonant cavity to form a gain chamber. Rubidium atom minimum energy level is 52S1/2(1) The first excited state is 5 as shown in FIG. 12P1/2(2) State of a second excited state of 52P3/2(3) State. 52S1/2(1) State 52P1/2(2) The transition spectral line between states is called D1(4) line, 52S1/2(1) State 52P3/2(3) The transition spectral line between states is referred to as the D2(5) line. The alkali metal atoms can be removed from 5 by using a laser (such as 780nm semiconductor laser) with a wavelength resonating with D2(5) line2S1/2(1) State pump to 52P3/2(3) The atoms then transition to 5 again by colliding with the buffer gas in the glass gas chamber2P1/2(1) State. When the pump light is strong enough, it can be at 52P1/2(2) State 52S1/2(1) Population inversion is formed between the states to provide gain for the D1(4) line spectrum, so that the alkali metal vapor in the gain chamber constitutes the gain medium. Under typical usage conditions, the gain line width of the gain medium is in the range of 10GHz to 1000GHz, and the center frequency is very close to the line D1(4), but may be somewhat offset depending on the gas parameters in the gain cell. The gain cell was placed in a laser resonator to obtain a laser output of line D1(4) when the gain per pass of line D1(4) was greater than the cavity loss. Under typical parameters, the gain of alkali metal vapor is relatively large, allowing for large round-trip losses. We call the gas cell used to provide gain the gain cell and the glass gas cell used for atomic sensing the sensor cell the sensing cell.
The invention relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with integrated pumping laser and an atomic gas chamber, which comprises a laser resonant cavity, a gain chamber, a sensing chamber and pumping light, wherein the gain chamber and the sensing chamber are arranged in the laser resonant cavity, at least one alkali metal vapor and corresponding buffer gas are respectively filled in the gain chamber and the sensing chamber, the pumping light enables the gain chamber to generate gain through the pumping light matched with the alkali metal in the gain chamber, so that the gain chamber and the laser resonant cavity generate laser together, and the alkali metal atoms in the sensing chamber generate spin polarization through the sensing chamber;
a crystal optical rotator is arranged in the cavity of the sensing chamber, so that laser passing through the sensing chamber is in a circular polarization state, and alkali metal atoms in the sensing chamber generate spin polarization;
the pumping light can adopt a cheap semiconductor laser and can be transmitted through an optical fiber, so that the influence of an additional magnetic field of the semiconductor laser can be eliminated; the alkali metal laser formed by the gain chamber and the resonant cavity has narrower line width and good beam quality, the beam direction is very stable, and the absorption recess of the glass gas chamber (sensing chamber) can be used for frequency stabilization, so that stable spin polarization can be realized. Compared with the method of polarizing the atom spin in the glass gas chamber by adopting the narrow linewidth semiconductor laser, the polarization method provided by the invention has the advantages of compact structure, less required elements, good laser frequency stability, low price and the like.
The invention provides a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with an integrated pumping laser and an atomic sensing gas chamber. In the existing method, a semiconductor laser is used, and emergent laser needs to be matched with a sensing chamber and spin-polarized after operations such as shaping, beam expanding, collimating, isolating and the like. By using the device, laser oscillates back and forth in the resonant cavity, so that the light beam is filled in the whole resonant cavity, polarization of rubidium atoms in the sensing chamber can be realized, and the device can be used as a polarization source to realize nuclear magnetic resonance gyros, even quantum devices such as SERF gyros and magnetometers, and does not need to be processed by an additional optical element.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an alkali metal87The structural diagram of the Rb energy level is shown,
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated spin-polarized source configuration,
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of laser frequency control,
figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser frequency control process,
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser power control process.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
a gain chamber: charging with alkali metal (b)21Na、39K、85Rb、87Rb、 133One or more of Cs) vapor and buffer gas (one or more of methane, helium, etc.); the laser cavity and the pump laser are combined to generate alkali metal laser with corresponding alkali metal D1 line wavelength, such as85Rb and87rb corresponds to a wavelength of 795nm,133cs corresponds to a wavelength of 854 nm;
a sensing chamber: at least one alkali metal is filled in the corresponding gain chamber, and the D2 line of the alkali metal is matched with the wavelength of the alkali metal laser for resonance. If the alkali metal laser has a wavelength of 795nm, the sensing chamber is at least filled with85Rb and87one or two of Rb, but not excluding recharging with other alkali metal vapors;
when the sensing chamber is only filled with alkali metal, a magnetometer can be realized;
when the sensing chamber is filled with alkali metal, nitrogen and the like are filled as buffer gas, so that a magnetometer or an atomic clock can be realized;
after the sensing chamber is filled with alkali metal, the sensing chamber is filled with an inert gas isotope (at least3He、129Xe、131Xe、21Ne、83One, but not exclusively a few, of Kr), magnetometers, gyroscopes (nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes, or SERF gyroscopes) may be implemented.
One configuration is shown in figure 2. The spherical reflector I (6), the spherical reflector II (7), the plane reflector I (8) and the plane reflector II (9) form a stable annular resonant cavity. The spherical reflector I (6), the spherical reflector II (7), the plane reflector I (8) and the plane reflector II (9) are coated with dielectric films to ensure that the spherical reflector I (6), the spherical reflector II (7) and the plane areHigh reflectivity (reflectivity) of 795nm laser is realized by the reflector I (8) and the plane reflector II (9)>90 percent), so that at least one of the spherical reflector I (6), the spherical reflector II (7), the plane reflector I (8) and the plane reflector II (9) realizes high transmittance (transmittance) to 780nm laser>70%). The gain chamber (10) is filled with Rb vapour and a buffer gas such as CH4Etc. the gain chamber (10) is heated to around 373K to vaporize Rb. The pump light (11) adopts emergent light of a semiconductor laser, the wavelength is near 780nm, the polarization of the emergent light is adjusted to be linear polarization vertical to the paper surface, the emergent light is focused through a focusing lens (12), and the spherical reflector II (7) is provided with a coating film, so that 780nm laser transmission and 795nm laser reflection can be realized. Rb atoms in the gain chamber (10) are excited to 5 by the pump light (11)2P3/2(3) State, then transited to 5 by collision with buffer gas and spontaneous radiation2P1/2(2) State. When the power density of the pump laser exceeds a certain threshold, Rb atoms are at 52P1/2State 52S1/2The state forms a population inversion providing gain for an optical field of 795nm and together with the laser cavity constitutes a 795nm laser. A crystal optical rotator (14) is arranged at the right side of the sensing chamber (13) by selecting a proper optical rotation angle (>5 degrees) to make the self-reproduction optical field of the ring resonator be a circular polarization field (with ellipticity of more than 0.9). The sensing chamber (13) is a glass air chamber, the two sides of which are plated with anti-reflection films of 795nm to reduce loss, and the inside of which is filled with87Rb gas, and N2、129Xe, and the like. The 795nm circularly polarized light generated in the ring resonator is absorbed by the Rb atoms in the sensing chamber (13), and the angular momentum carried by the circularly polarized light is transferred to the Rb atoms to polarize the Rb atoms. And a piezoelectric ceramic micro shifter (15) is arranged on the plane reflector III (14) and is used for adjusting the cavity length of the annular resonant cavity. Generally, in order to ensure the stable spin polarization, a certain axial magnetic field is applied to the sensing chamber along the optical axis.
To ensure that the laser operates in a single longitudinal mode, the laser frequency needs to be controlled. According to the laser principle, the longitudinal mode spacing generated by the laser resonant cavity is
In the formula
In order to be the speed of light,
is a circle of optical path of the ring-shaped resonant cavity. The distribution of the longitudinal mode spectrum on the frequency axis is shown in fig. 3.
In FIG. 3, the gain cell produces a gain line width (16) of
Typical line widths are several 10GHz wide. And the Rb atom absorption line in the sensor cell, the typical line width (17)In the GHz range. The laser longitudinal mode (18), the gain curve (19) and the absorption curve (20) are shown in figure 3. According to the laser principle, the longitudinal mode of the laser falling within the range of the gain curve (19) may oscillate as long as the gain is larger than the loss. It is desirable to have the frequency of the longitudinal laser mode (18) equal to the center frequency of the absorption curve (20) and to have only single mode oscillation, which requires control of the laser frequency. Taking the ring cavity path length of 10cm as an example, if the longitudinal mode interval (21) is 3GHz, there are several longitudinal modes within the gain width. The gain parameter is adjusted by changing the pump light power, so that the gain-loss at the center frequency of the absorption curve (20) is larger than that of the adjacent mode, even if the net gain of the longitudinal mode at the center of the absorption curve is maximum, and the gains of other longitudinal modes are smaller and smaller than the cavity loss, thus realizing the operation of a single longitudinal mode. Then, a small jitter modulation voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic (15) to make the cavity length oscillate in a small amplitude, and the laser intensity is modulated. The laser frequency can be stabilized at the center frequency of the absorption curve using the same method as with lamb sag.
Two voltages, one is direct current, are applied to the piezoelectric ceramic (15)The pressure is used for controlling the working frequency of the laser; another is at a frequency of
For modulating the resonant cavity length by a small amplitude, thereby modulating the laser oscillation frequency. When the laser frequency is shifted from the center frequency, the laser power is generated
The optical signal is received by a photoelectric detector (22) and converted into a corresponding electric signal, and the corresponding electric signal is sent to a phase sensitive detector (25) after pre-amplification (23) and frequency-selective amplification (24). The signal is compared with a reference signal (26), and after PID control, a direct current control voltage is output, and then the signal is fed back to the piezoelectric ceramic (15) through direct current amplification (27), modulation boosting (28) and rectification (29). The voltage adjusts the length of the resonant cavity by adjusting the displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic along the direction of the optical axis, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the frequency stability. The phase sensitive detector (25) is used for comparing the phase of the signal voltage after frequency selection amplification with the phase of the reference signal voltage. When the frequency-selecting amplifying signal is zero, the phase-sensitive output is zero; when the frequency-selecting amplifying signal and the reference signal are in the same phase, the direct-current voltage of the phase-sensitive output is positive, otherwise, the direct-current voltage is negative. When the direct current control voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic (15) to make the phase-sensitive output zero, the laser frequency stabilization can be realized, and the laser frequency is positioned at the absorption center of the absorption curve (20).
In addition to laser frequency stabilization, it is also desirable that the laser power be stable, and thus the polarizability be stable. To achieve this, we control the power or polarization of the pump laser, thereby changing the peak gain of the gain curve. The purpose of adjusting the light emitting power of the polarized source can be achieved by adjusting the laser power of the pump laser. The laser power detected by the photoelectric detector (22) is transmitted to a data processing program (31) through a data acquisition card (30), and compared with a set laser power reference value, a processed error signal is fed back to a pump light laser controller (32) so as to control the light emission of a laser (33). When the light output power is smaller than the reference value, the program output is positive, so that the current of the pump light laser is increased to increase the light output power; when the light output power is larger than the reference value, the program output is negative, so that the current of the pump light laser is reduced to reduce the light output power. The final optical power will stabilize at the reference value.
The spin polarization device is used as a core device of the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, and the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope can be realized by matching a detection light path, an electronic control system, a temperature control system and the like, and related data of the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope can be referred to in related methods, which are known to scientific researchers in the field and can be found in detailed literature data.
The invention takes a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope as an example to explain a spin polarization device integrating pumping laser and an atomic sensing gas chamber, but the device can also be used for realizing devices such as magnetic field measurement, dark matter field measurement and the like by adjusting gas parameters of a gain chamber and a sensing chamber and matching with corresponding external elements and circuits.
Claims (7)
1. A nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with integrated pumping laser and atomic gas chamber, a sensing chamber containing gaseous spin is arranged in a laser resonant cavity to form a part of a laser and used as a basic device for the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is characterized by comprising a laser resonant cavity, a gain chamber, a sensing chamber and pumping light, wherein the gain chamber and the sensing chamber are arranged in the laser resonant cavity, at least one alkali metal vapor and corresponding buffer gas are respectively filled in the gain chamber and the sensing chamber, the pumping light enables the gain chamber to generate gain through the pumping light matched with the alkali metal in the gain chamber, so that the gain chamber and the laser resonant cavity generate laser together, and the laser enables the alkali metal atoms in the sensing chamber to generate spin polarization through the sensing chamber;
a crystal optical rotator is arranged in the cavity of the sensing chamber, so that laser passing through the sensing chamber is in a circular polarization state, and alkali metal atoms in the sensing chamber generate spin polarization;
the pumping light adopts a semiconductor laser and is transmitted through an optical fiber, so that the influence of an additional magnetic field of the semiconductor laser is eliminated;
the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with the pumping laser and the atomic gas chamber integrated into a whole has the advantages that the laser oscillates back and forth in the resonant cavity, so that the whole resonant cavity is filled with the light beam, the polarization of alkali metal in the sensing chamber can be realized, and the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, the SERF gyroscope, the magnetometer and the atomic clock can be realized as a polarization source.
2. The NMR gyroscope with integrated pump laser and atomic gas cell according to claim 1,
the gain chamber: charging with alkali metal21Na、39K、85Rb、87Rb、 133One or more of Cs vapor and one or more of buffer gases of methane and helium are combined with a resonant cavity and pump laser to generate alkali metal laser corresponding to the linear wavelength of the alkali metal D1;
the sensing chamber: at least one alkali metal filled in the corresponding gain chamber is filled, and the D1 line of the alkali metal is matched with the wavelength of the alkali metal laser for resonance, so that other alkali metal vapor is not excluded from being filled.
3. The nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with the integrated pumping laser and atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein a magnetometer is implemented when the sensing chamber is filled with only alkali metal;
when the sensing chamber is filled with alkali metal, nitrogen is filled as buffer gas to realize a magnetometer or an atomic clock;
after the sensing chamber is filled with alkali metal, the sensing chamber is filled with inert gas isotope with nuclear spin3He、129Xe、131Xe、21Ne、83One or more of Kr, realizing a magnetometer and a gyroscope.
4. The nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with the integrated pumping laser and atomic gas cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser resonator is a stable laser resonator composed of two spherical mirrors and two planar mirrors.
5. The nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope with the integrated pumping laser and atomic gas cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the planar reflector is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic micro-shifter for adjusting the cavity length of the laser resonant cavity, and applying a dither modulation voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic to make the cavity length oscillate slightly, so that the laser intensity is modulated to stabilize the laser frequency at the center frequency of the absorption curve.
6. The nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope integrally integrating pumping laser and an atomic gas chamber according to claim 4, wherein the spherical reflector and the planar reflector are plated with dielectric films, so that the spherical reflector and the planar reflector realize high reflectivity of the laser, and the reflectivity is greater than 90%.
7. The NMR gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the sensor cell is a glass cell with antireflection coatings on both sides to reduce losses.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113959425A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-01-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for inhibiting residual rotation optical angle of atomic spin gyroscope |
| CN114485638A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Decoupling and inhibiting method for transverse optical frequency shift of atomic spin inertia measurement device |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113959425A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-01-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for inhibiting residual rotation optical angle of atomic spin gyroscope |
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| CN114485638A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Decoupling and inhibiting method for transverse optical frequency shift of atomic spin inertia measurement device |
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