CN114573324B - 一种rh真空炉内衬耐火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种rh真空炉内衬耐火材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114573324B
CN114573324B CN202210193332.0A CN202210193332A CN114573324B CN 114573324 B CN114573324 B CN 114573324B CN 202210193332 A CN202210193332 A CN 202210193332A CN 114573324 B CN114573324 B CN 114573324B
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alumina
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spinel
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蒋兴平
周旺枝
孔勇江
肖汉波
付刚强
成良华
张弛
阳方
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,各组分及其所占质量百分比包括:电熔镁砂45~75%,废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒15~35%,富铝尖晶石微粉3~15%,铝粉0.05~0.1%;有机硅树脂粉0.02~0.5%,铝酸钙水泥3~8%,NaHCO3 0.01~0.1%,硼酸0.02~0.12%,水玻璃0.01~0.3%,木质素磺酸镁0.03~0.13%。本发明所述RH真空炉内衬耐火材料采用无铬配方,可实现废旧镁铝尖晶石砖的资源化利用,同时可有效保所得耐火材料的成型强度和高温耐久性能;且涉及的制备方法较简单、成本较低,无高温烧成工艺,具有显著的环境和能耗效益,适合推广应用。

Description

一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料及其合成技术领域,具体涉及一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
RH真空精炼技术是一种操作简单、经济有效的二次精炼技术,其功能已发展到脱气净化、吹氧脱碳、造渣脱硫脱磷和合金化,精炼处理时间也大幅度增加,相应地,对RH精炼炉用耐火材料的要求也越来越高。RH炉在真空和高温的条件下,间歇性受到钢水喷溅和冲刷作用,伴有精炼渣侵蚀及温度波动,炉衬材料特别是浸渍管、环流管及下部槽部位,除冲刷侵蚀外还有结构剥落和热震剥落,对耐火材料的寿命有很大的影响。
传统RH真空炉内衬耐火材料主要采用镁铬制品,在高温、碱性和氧化气氛的使用环境中,含Cr2O3的镁铬制品在Na2O、K2O或CaO参与作用下,三价铬Cr3+能转变为六价铬。Cr6+是一种致癌物,对人体有害且易溶于水,可以气相存在,在生产使用中会随烟气排入空中污染空气,使用后的残砖中Cr6+随雨水溶解、渗入地下而造成水污染。因此钢铁企业为顺应环保需求,均在积极推进RH精炼炉用耐火材料无铬化。专利CN201410606979.7公开一种RH炉浸渍管浇注料及其制备方法,其组成原料按重量百分比配比为:主要原料:废铬刚玉-尖晶石捣打料5~55%,刚玉30~80%,活性α-氧化铝粉2~8%,CL370粉2~8%,铝酸钙水泥1~9%,外加原料:减水剂0.2~1.2%,钢纤维0.5~3%,防爆纤维0.01~0.2%;制备方法为制料、配料、混料和成型。该发明虽实现耐火材料的回收利用,降低成本,但原料中仍然含有铬,对环境有害。专利CN201310552471.9提供一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料及其制备方法与RH真空炉。该内衬耐火材料由电熔镁砂、处理过的人造石墨、抗氧化剂、酚醛树脂按重量份比例配料,经混碾、压力成型、热处理工艺得到RH真空炉内衬耐火材料;但需要经过高温处理,而且酚醛树脂高温下会产生一定的烟气,不利于成本的降低和环境的要求。随着镁铬砖的全面替代,为了研发精炼炉无铬耐火材料,降低耐火材料生产过程能耗,提高耐火材料的使用寿命,提升钢铁绿色制造水平,各钢厂不断尝试烧成镁锆质、镁尖晶石质、镁尖晶石钛质和镁尖晶石锆质砖和不烧镁铝尖晶石砖等,取得了很大的进步,但是要想进一步提高RH真空炉内衬耐火材料寿命,降低成本仍是行业的难题。
在冶金行业推行绿色环保节能的趋势下,开发出一种新型环保抗冲击抗剥落抗侵蚀抗热震的RH真空炉内衬耐火材料非常重要。必须根据RH真空炉内衬耐火材料目前使用过程中存在的问题,开发新型的抗冲击抗剥落抗侵蚀节能的RH真空炉内衬耐火材料。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于针对现有技术存在的问题和不足,提供一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,克服现用RH真空炉内衬耐火材料不环保、能耗高、寿命低等缺陷,满足RH真空炉精炼的工艺要求。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,各组分及其所占质量百分比包括:电熔镁砂45~75%,废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒15~35%,富铝尖晶石微粉3~15%,铝粉0.05~0.1%;有机硅树脂粉0.02~0.5%,铝酸钙水泥3~8%,NaHCO3 0.01~0.1%,硼酸0.02~0.12%,水玻璃0.01~0.3%,木质素磺酸镁0.03~0.13%。
上述方案中,所述电熔镁砂中MgO含量>97wt%。
上述方案中,所述电熔镁砂中各粒径所占质量百分比包括:5~3mm 40~65%,3~1mm5~28%,1~0mm 18~35%。
上述方案中,所述废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒,通过将废旧镁铝尖晶石砖进行拣选,去除杂质后,在1600~1800℃下灼烧60~120min,粉碎,筛选,各粒径所占质量百分比包括:3~1mm38~57%,1~0mm 10~27%,<0.088mm 16~35%。
上述方案中,所述废旧镁铝尖晶石砖中氧化镁含量>28wt%,SiO2含量<0.2wt%,TFe<0.5wt%。
上述方案中,所述富铝尖晶石微粉中氧化铝的含量>75wt%;粒径为3~6μm。
上述方案中,所述铝粉的粒径为0~0.074mm。
上述方案中,所述有机硅树脂粉中有机基团数量R与Si的比值为1.5以上。
上述方案中,所述水玻璃的模数为2~3。
上述方案中,所述木质素磺酸镁的pH值为5~7。
上述一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将称取的富铝尖晶石微粉、铝粉、有机硅树脂粉、铝酸钙水泥装入混料机混合8~15min,得到预混料A备用;
2)将称取的电熔镁砂、废旧镁尖晶石砖颗粒加入混料机搅拌5~25min,得预混料B备用;
3)将所得预混料A和预混料B在搅拌机中干混,同时加入NaHCO3、硼酸、水玻璃、木质素磺酸镁,搅拌10~30min,然后加水配制成混料;
4)将所得混料进行压力成型,进行烘烤处理,得RH真空炉内衬耐火材料制品(耐火砖)。
上述方案中,步骤3)中所述加水量根据耐火材料配料成型适当加入。
优选的,步骤3)中所述加水量占各成分总质量的3~20%。
上述方案中,所述压力成型是采用机压成型,压力控制为800~1000t。
上述方案中,所述烘烤处理步骤包括:干燥器中50~70℃烘烤8~15天,80~100℃烘烤6~14天,120~150℃烘烤3~8天,180~200℃烘烤3~7天。
本发明的原理为:
本发明采用镁砂、镁尖晶石无铬砖材料体系,其中镁尖晶石基原料一部分通过将废旧镁铝尖晶石砖经高温预处理和筛分拣选得到,一部分以富铝尖晶石超微粉的形式加入;废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒经过高温处理后,热稳定好,气孔率低,耐高温,抗渣性强,可有效保证所得耐火材料的高温性能等,超细粉表面活性高,具有结合作用,可部分替代常规的无机结合剂;同时可利用超微粉的活性烧结和富余Al2O3和MgO的反应烧结特性;进一步引入少量有机硅树脂粉可在高温下缩聚并氧化生成Si-O键,与原料中的铝形成高度交联的立体网状结构,使材料在高温使用过程中逐步烧结形成致密的组织结构和良好的使用特性,在实现RH炉衬材料无铬化的同时,可有效兼顾RH炉衬材料的抗侵蚀性和抗剥落性;具有良好的环保和能耗效益,并可有效提高耐火材料的使用寿命。
现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1)该RH真空炉内衬耐火材料完全无铬化,有利于环保;
2)采用处理后的废旧镁铝尖晶石砖作为一部分原料,通过高温预处理和筛分拣选形成的镁铝尖晶石原料,具有优良的高温性能,既能满足材料的性能要求,又能消化钢厂的废旧耐火材料,实现耐火材料的回收利用,有利于资源的循环利用和节约成本;
3)添加少量有机硅树脂粉,利用其含有的有机基团和无机结构,可在高温下缩聚并氧化生成Si-O键,与原料中的铝在高温下形成高度交联的立体网状结构,有助于提高耐火材料的高温强度和抗剥落性;
4)该RH真空炉内衬耐火材料不需高温烧成工艺,生产简单,有利于节约成本。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,下面结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
以下实施例中,采用的有机硅树脂粉由山东某化工厂提供,其有机基团数量R与Si的比值1.6
以下实施例中,所述废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒通过将废旧镁铝尖晶石砖进行拣选,去除杂质后粉碎,筛选得到;其中废旧镁铝尖晶石砖取自某W钢厂,其氧化镁含量35wt%,SiO2含量0.17wt%,TFe 0.05wt%。
采用的铝粉的粒径为0~0.074mm;富铝尖晶石微粉的粒径为3~6μm。
采用的玻璃的模数为2.0。
实施例1
一种环保型RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其组成按质量百分比计为:电熔镁砂65%,废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒20%,富铝尖晶石微粉9%,铝粉0.06%,有机硅树脂粉0.04%,铝酸钙水泥5.7%,NaHCO3 0.02%,硼酸0.03%,水玻璃0.07%;木质素磺酸镁0.08%;其中,采用的电熔镁砂中MgO含量为98wt%,各粒径及其所占质量百分比为:5~3mm 60%,3~1mm
17%,1~0mm 23%;废旧镁铝尖晶石砖经拣选,去除杂质后,在1700℃下灼烧120min,粉碎、筛选得到,筛选粒径为:3~1mm 53%,1~0mm 14%,<0.088mm 33%;富铝尖晶石微粉中氧化铝的含量为79wt%;
其制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将称取的各种细粉原料(富铝尖晶石微粉、铝粉、有机硅树脂粉)、六铝酸钙水泥装入混料机混合10min,得到预混料A备用;
2)将称取的各种颗粒原料(电熔镁砂、废旧镁铝尖晶石砖)加入混料机搅拌16min,得到预混料B备用;
3)将所得预混料A和预混料B在搅拌机中干混,同时加入添加剂(NaHCO3、硼酸、水玻璃、木质素磺酸镁),搅拌22min,然后加水(占上述原料总质量的12%)配制成混料;
4)将所得混料用800t压力成型,于烘烤箱中分别在60℃烘烤12天,100℃烘烤11天,140℃烘烤3天,190℃烘烤3.5天。
经测试,本实施例所得不烧砖的常温耐压强度为91MPa,体积密度为3.18g/cm3;下部槽和环流管,其试用寿命分别达到203炉和102炉。对比市售镁尖晶石不烧砖(其体积密度为3.06g/cm3,常温耐压强度为79MPa,在下部槽和环流管试用,寿命分别达到170炉和87炉),本发明所得耐火材料具有较高的力学性能和高温耐久性能。
实施例2
一种环保型RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其组成按质量百分比计为:电熔镁砂51%,废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒35%,富铝尖晶石微粉8%,铝粉0.07%,有机硅树脂粉0.03%,六铝酸钙水泥5.68%,NaHCO3 0.02%,硼酸0.04%,水玻璃0.06%;木质素磺酸镁0.1%;其中,采用的电熔镁砂中MgO的含量为97wt%,各粒径及其所占质量百分比为:5~3mm 60%,3~1mm12%,1~0mm 28%;废旧镁铝尖晶石砖,经过拣选,在1750℃下灼烧120min,粉碎、筛选得到,筛选粒径为:3~1mm 45%,1~0mm 25%,<0.088mm 30%,富铝尖晶石微粉中氧化铝的含量为80wt%;
其制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将称取的各种细粉原料(富铝尖晶石微粉、铝粉、有机硅树脂粉)、铝酸钙水泥装入混料机混合14min,得到预混料A备用;
2)将称取的各种颗粒原料(电熔镁砂、废旧镁铝尖晶石砖)加入混料机搅拌21min,得到预混料B备用;
3)将所得预混料A和预混料B在搅拌机中干混,同时加入添加剂(NaHCO3、硼酸、水玻璃、木质素磺酸镁),搅拌18min,然后加水(占上述原料总质量的10%)配制成混料;
4)将所得混料用800t压力成型,烘烤箱中分别在50℃烘烤10天,80℃烘烤12天,120℃烘烤5天,200℃烘烤4天。
经测试,本实施例所得不烧砖的常温耐压强度为85MPa,体积密度为3.15g/cm3;下部槽和环流管,其试用寿命分别达到198炉和97炉。
对比例1
一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其组成按质量百分比计为:电熔镁砂64%,镁铝尖晶石28%,铝粉0.07%,铝酸钙水泥7.83%,NaHCO3 0.04%,硼酸0.032%,木质素磺酸镁0028%;其中,采用的电熔镁砂中MgO的含量为95wt%,各粒径及其所占质量百分比为:5~3mm 66%,3~1mm 10%,1~0mm 24%;
1)将称取的各种细粉原料(铝粉、铝酸钙水泥)装入混料机混合17min,得到预混料A备用;
2)将称取的各种颗粒原料(电熔镁砂、镁铝尖晶石)加入混料机搅拌18min,得到预混料B备用;
3)将所得预混料A和预混料B在搅拌机中干混,同时加入添加剂(NaHCO3、硼酸、木质素磺酸镁),搅拌17min,然后加水10%配制成混料;
4)将所得混料用600t压力成型,烘烤箱中分别在50℃烘烤11天,200℃烘烤5天。
经测试,本对比例所得不烧砖的常温耐压强度为45MPa,体积密度为2.69g/cm3;下部槽和环流管,其试用寿命分别达到105炉和39炉,并有部分试样出现开裂,无法正常使用。
对比例2
一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其组成按质量百分比计为:电熔镁砂41%,废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒45%,富铝尖晶石微粉6%,有机硅树脂粉0.06%,铝酸钙水泥7.68%,NaHCO30.02%,硼酸0.14%,水玻璃0.04%;木质素磺酸镁0.06%;其中,采用的电熔镁砂中MgO的含量为97wt%,各粒径及其所占质量百分比为:5~3mm 60%,3~1mm 12%,1~0mm28%;废旧镁铝尖晶石砖,经过拣选,在1200℃下灼烧110min,粉碎、筛选得到,筛选粒径为:3~1mm25%,1~0mm 46,<0.088mm 29%,富铝尖晶石微粉中氧化铝的含量为80wt%;
其制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将称取的各种细粉原料(富铝尖晶石微粉、铝粉、有机硅树脂粉)、铝酸钙水泥装入混料机混合14min,得到预混料A备用;
2)将称取的各种颗粒原料(电熔镁砂、废旧镁铝尖晶石砖)加入混料机搅拌21min,得到预混料B备用;
3)将所得预混料A和预混料B在搅拌机中干混,同时加入添加剂(NaHCO3、硼酸、水玻璃、木质素磺酸镁),搅拌18min,然后加水10%配制成混料;
4)将所得混料用800t压力成型,烘烤箱中分别在50℃烘烤10天,80℃烘烤12天,120℃烘烤5天,200℃烘烤4天;
经测试,本对比例所得不烧砖的常温耐压强度为45MPa,体积密度为2.68g/cm3;下部槽和环流管,其试用寿命分别达到143炉和54炉。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其特征在于,各组分及其所占质量百分比为:电熔镁砂45~75%,废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒 15~35%,富铝尖晶石微粉 3~15%,铝粉 0.05~0.1%;有机硅树脂粉 0.02~0.5%,铝酸钙水泥 3~8%,NaHCO3 0.01~0.1%,硼酸 0.02~0.12%,水玻璃 0.01~0.3%,木质素磺酸镁 0.03~0.13%;
所述电熔镁砂中MgO含量>97wt%;各粒径所占质量百分比包括:5~3mm 40~65%,3~1mm 5~28%,1~0mm 18~35%;
所述废旧镁铝尖晶石砖颗粒,通过将废旧镁铝尖晶石砖进行拣选,除杂,在1600~1800℃下灼烧60~120min,粉碎,筛选得到;各粒径所占质量百分比包括:3~1mm 38~57%,1~0mm10~27%,<0.088mm 16~35%;
所述有机硅树脂粉中有机基团数量R与Si的比值为1.5以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其特征在于,所述废旧镁铝尖晶石砖中氧化镁含量>28wt%,SiO2含量<0.2wt%,TFe<0.5wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其特征在于,所述富铝尖晶石微粉中氧化铝的含量>75wt%;粒径为3~6μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其特征在于,所述铝粉的粒径为0~0.074mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的RH真空炉内衬耐火材料,其特征在于,所述水玻璃的模数为2~3;所述木质素磺酸镁的pH值为5~7。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述RH真空炉内衬耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将称取的富铝尖晶石微粉、铝粉、有机硅树脂粉、铝酸钙水泥装入混料机混合均匀,得预混料A;
2)将称取的电熔镁砂、废旧镁尖晶石砖颗粒加入混料机搅拌,得预混料B;
3)将所得预混料A和预混料B在搅拌机中干混,同时加入NaHCO3、硼酸、水玻璃、木质素磺酸镁,搅拌,然后加水配制成混料;
4)将所得混料进行压力成型,进行烘烤处理,得RH真空炉内衬耐火材料制品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,所述压力成型步骤采用的压力控制为800-1000t。
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