CN114568702A - 包埋敏感性成分的颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN114568702A CN114568702A CN202011383739.7A CN202011383739A CN114568702A CN 114568702 A CN114568702 A CN 114568702A CN 202011383739 A CN202011383739 A CN 202011383739A CN 114568702 A CN114568702 A CN 114568702A
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品技术领域,尤其涉及包埋敏感性成分的颗粒及其制备方法。本发明提供的颗粒,由内至外依次包括:敏感性成分和包裹层1、包裹层2、包裹层3、包裹层4、包裹层5,包裹层6,并提供了该颗粒的制备方法,以及含有该颗粒的食品。本发明采用6步造粒和包埋处理,具有一定包括抵御胃液、胆汁侵蚀的定向肠道释放,极大提高了活性物如益生菌、维生素等使用效果,同时多重疏水层处理确保了颗粒中益生菌在液态饮品、乳品中长货架期内的存活。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域,尤其涉及包埋敏感性成分的颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,消费者对休闲食品的需求越来越多的倾向于功能性,而营养健康也是休闲食品的大势所趋。然而,一般而言,常见的功能性成分都存在对环境敏感的问题,从而产生易氧化、易降解的现象最终导致功能性成分失活。并且,通常功能性成分的口味一般也不及常规食品原料。
包埋技术能够解决功能性成分敏感性或口感不佳的问题,一方面包衣材料增加了敏感性成分的保护,另一方面也可以通过包衣提高口感。将包埋的功能性成分加入常温产品中,不仅可以提高消费者使用方便和便携性,同时还可以提升口味和外观,拓宽产品结构、更好地满足消费者多样性需求。特别是将包埋的功能性成分添加到饮料、常温酸奶、植物蛋白饮料、调制乳等常温液态产品中,不仅能够提供功能和营养,还能够提升使用的便利性。
但目前的包埋技术对于敏感性成分的保护作用仍是非常有限的,且通常口感并不理想。因此,本领域仍需要进一步对包埋技术进行改进,以期在改善口感的同时进一步提高对敏感的功能性成分的保护作用。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供包埋敏感性成分的颗粒及其制备方法。
本发明提供的包埋有敏感性成分的颗粒,由内至外依次包括:敏感性成分和包裹层1、包裹层2、包裹层3、包裹层4、包裹层5,包裹层6,其中:
所述包裹层1的包材为淀粉、蛋白、油脂中至少一种与粘合剂的组合;
所述包裹层2的包材包括粘合剂和蛋白;
所述包裹层3的包材包括可可脂;
所述包裹层4的包材为胶凝剂;
所述包裹层5的包材为醇溶性疏水材料;
所述包裹层6的包材为胶凝剂。
本发明所述颗粒中,
所述淀粉选自玉米淀粉或木薯淀粉中至少一种;
所述蛋白选自蛋清蛋白或酪蛋白中至少一种;
所述油脂选自可可脂、玉米油中至少一种;
所述粘合剂选自微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或β-环糊精中至少一种;
所述醇溶性疏水材料为醇溶玉米蛋白;
所述胶凝剂选自魔芋胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸钠、结冷胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、琼脂、果胶或明胶中至少一种。
所述蛋清蛋白为禽类蛋清的蛋白,例如,鸡蛋蛋清蛋白、鸭蛋蛋清蛋白、鹅蛋蛋清蛋白、鸽子蛋清蛋白或鹌鹑蛋蛋清蛋白。
本发明中,所述包裹层1中的粘合剂与包裹层2中的粘合剂独立的选自微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或β-环糊精中至少一种,二者选择可以相同也可以不同。本发明中,所述包裹层1中的粘合剂与包裹层2中的蛋白独立的选自乳清蛋白或酪蛋白中至少一种,二者选择可以相同也可以不同。
本发明中,所述包裹层1的包材中,各组分的质量份为淀粉0~10份、蛋白0~10份、油脂0~3份、粘合剂30~90份。在本发明中,淀粉、蛋白、油脂的质量不同时为0。当包裹层1的包材的总质量为100时,上述质量份即为质量百分比。
一些实施例中,本发明所述颗粒中,
包裹层1的包材为β-环糊精、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白和微晶纤维素;
包裹层2的包材为羧甲基纤维素钠和鸡蛋蛋清蛋白;
包裹层3的包材为可可脂;
包裹层4的包材为海藻酸钠;
包裹层5的包材为醇溶玉米蛋白;
包裹层6的包材为魔芋胶。
一些实施例中,本发明所述颗粒中敏感性成分为益生菌、维生素、柠檬烯类物质或含双键的活性物质。本发明实施例中,所述敏感性成分为益生菌。所述益生菌选自嗜酸乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌或凝结芽孢杆菌中至少一种。一些实施例中,所述敏感性成分为凝结芽孢杆菌,具体实施例中,所述凝结芽孢杆菌为凝结芽孢杆菌BC30。所述益生菌采用5.5×1011CFU/g的益生菌粉。
一些具体实施例中,所述敏感性成分为凝结芽孢杆菌;每包裹150g凝结芽孢杆菌,所需的包材包括:
包裹层1:β-环糊精8~12g、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白20~30g、微晶纤维素300~350g;
包裹层2:羧甲基纤维素钠5~7g、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白80~100g;
包裹层3:可可脂50~70g;
包裹层4:海藻酸钠15~25g;
包裹层5:醇溶玉米蛋白50~70g;
包裹层6:魔芋胶45~55g。
一个具体实施例中,所述敏感性成分为凝结芽孢杆菌;每包裹150g凝结芽孢杆菌,所需的包材包括:
包裹层1:β-环糊精10g、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白20~30g、微晶纤维素315g;
包裹层2:羧甲基纤维素钠6g、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白90g;
包裹层3:可可脂60g;
包裹层4:海藻酸钠20g;
包裹层5:醇溶玉米蛋白60g;
包裹层6:魔芋胶50g。
本发明所述颗粒的制备方法包括:
步骤1:将淀粉、蛋白粉或油脂中至少一种与粘合剂、敏感性成分混合,经喷雾离心造粒,获得产物A;
步骤2:将粘合剂和蛋白溶于水,经喷雾对产物A进行包埋,获得产物B;
步骤3:以熔融可可脂对产物B进行包埋,获得产物C;
步骤4:以胶凝剂对产物C进行包埋,获得产物D;
步骤5:将醇溶性疏水材料溶解,经喷雾对产物D进行包埋,获得产物E;
步骤6:以胶凝剂对产物D进行包埋,获得包埋有敏感性成分的颗粒。
步骤1为造粒,造粒的目的是为了更好的调味和包衣处理,所述造粒的方法采用离心造粒、流化床造粒或挤出滚圆造粒工艺。本发明实施例中,步骤1采用离心造粒法进行造粒,造粒工艺温度控制的尽量低,一般控制在30~60℃,变性特殊处理或预杀菌的可以在造粒后期匹配活性物活性提高温度,温度不宜超过95℃,控制时间不宜超过10min。
本发明实施例中,步骤1中离心造粒的参数包括:温度45~55℃;转速150~250rpm;喷雾的液体为水,喷雾速度为50~100rpm,压力1~3bar,每5min喷20~40s。一些具体实施例中,步骤1中离心造粒的参数包括:温度50℃;转速200rpm;水的喷雾速度70rpm,压力2bar,每5min喷30s。经步骤1造粒后,产物A的直径为1.5mm,过筛取20~24目颗粒。造粒后,还包括干燥的步骤,干燥在流化床中进行,40℃干燥5min,获得产物A。
步骤2采用粘合剂和蛋白的溶液对产物A进行包衣,包衣采用流化床喷雾包衣的方式进行。包衣量颗粒增重3%~30%(wt),优选5%~20%(wt)计,喷雾包衣温度为30~50℃,包衣完成后升温至55~65℃保持0~5min。
在本发明实施例中,步骤2中将粘合剂和蛋白溶于水后对产物A进行喷雾包埋至增重6%~8%,获得产物B;所述喷雾包埋的参数包括:温度35~45℃,喷雾速度10~20rpm。所述将粘合剂和蛋白溶于水后,所述溶液中包括粘合剂0.2wt%~1.5wt%,蛋白0~30wt%。优选的,所述溶液中包括粘合剂0.8wt%~1.2wt%,蛋白5wt%~15wt%。一些具体实施例中,步骤2中将粘合剂和蛋白溶于水后,获得的溶液中包括羧甲基纤维素钠1wt%,鸡蛋蛋清蛋白粉15wt%。对产物A进行喷雾包埋至增重6.96%,获得产物B;所述喷雾包埋的参数包括:温度40℃,喷雾速度15rpm。喷雾包埋之后还包括过20目筛的步骤。
步骤3为可可脂调味层包衣。该步骤对感官的提高具有重要意义,且能够显著提高对于维持敏感成分的稳定效果。包衣量使产物B增重3%~30%(wt),优选5%~20%(wt)计,采用离心包衣机进行包埋,喷雾温度40~60℃。
在本发明实施例中,步骤3以熔融可可脂对产物B进行包埋至增重10%~15%,获得产物C;所述包埋的参数包括:温度为50~60℃;转盘速度150~250rpm;熔融可可脂的喷雾速度50~70rpm、压力2~4bar,每5min喷25~35s;喷雾包衣后降温至18~22℃。一些具体实施例中,步骤3以熔融可可脂对产物B进行包埋至增重13%,获得产物C;所述包埋的参数包括:温度为55℃;转盘速度200rpm;熔融可可脂的喷雾速度60rpm、压力3bar,每5min喷30s;喷雾包衣后降温至20℃。
步骤4采用热不可逆处理的胶体体系进行流化床喷雾包衣处理并进行热不可逆处理,一些实施例中,所述胶凝剂采用海藻酸钠或魔芋胶。包衣量以产物C增重3%~30wt%(质量),优选5%~20wt%(质量)计,采用流化床喷雾包衣,喷雾温度20~50℃,优选30~40℃。包衣材料为海藻酸钠,将海藻酸钠溶解至海藻酸钠的浓度为0.2wt%~1.5wt%,用含钙离子浓度0.1~1mol/L如氯化钙溶液作为凝固浴浸泡颗粒10~60min,优选20~40min,浸泡后取出干燥颗粒。包衣材料为魔芋胶,将魔芋胶溶解至魔芋胶的浓度为0.2wt%~1.5wt%,用pH=8~11,优选9-10氢氧化钙溶液煮沸后立即冷却取出干燥颗粒即可。在本发明实施例中,步骤4中将胶凝剂溶于水后对产物C喷雾至增重3%~5%,经凝固浴,获得产物D。一些实施例中,步骤4采用的胶凝剂为海藻酸钠,将海藻酸钠溶于水至海藻酸钠的浓度为1.25wt%,于40℃对产物C进行喷雾(15rpm),至增重4.71%,经1mol/L氯化钙溶液浸泡30min获得产物D。获得产物D后,还包括40℃干燥5min的步骤。
步骤5采用醇溶性疏水食品级材料离心喷雾包衣,包衣量以产物4增重3wt%~30wt%(质量),优选5wt%~20wt%(质量)计,采用流化床喷雾包衣,喷雾温度20~60℃,优选30~50℃。本发明实施例中,步骤5中,将醇溶性疏水材料溶于75%~90%乙醇溶液至质量分数为8%~12%,经喷雾对产物D进行包埋至增重13%~17%,获得产物E;所述喷雾的参数包括温度35~45℃,喷雾速度10rpm~20rpm。一些实施例中,步骤5中,将醇溶性疏水材料溶于80%乙醇溶液至质量分数为9.09%,经喷雾对产物D进行包埋至增重15%,获得产物E;所述喷雾的参数包括温度40℃,喷雾速度15rpm。
步骤6采用热不可逆处理的胶体体系进行流化床喷雾包衣处理并进行热不可逆处理,一些实施例中,所述胶凝剂采用海藻酸钠或魔芋胶。包衣量以产物E增重3%~30wt%(质量),优选5%~20wt%(质量)计,采用流化床喷雾包衣,喷雾温度20~50℃,优选30~40℃。包衣材料为海藻酸钠,将海藻酸钠溶解至海藻酸钠的浓度为0.2wt%~1.5wt%,用含钙离子浓度0.1~1mol/L如氯化钙溶液作为凝固浴浸泡颗粒10~60min,优选20~40min,浸泡后取出干燥颗粒。包衣材料为魔芋胶,将魔芋胶溶解至魔芋胶的浓度为0.2wt%~1.5wt%,用pH=8~11,优选pH=9~10氢氧化钙溶液煮沸后立即冷却取出干燥颗粒即可。在本发明实施例中,步骤6中将胶凝剂溶于水后对产物E喷雾至增重3%~5%,经凝固浴,获得本发明所述颗粒。一些实施例中,步骤6采用的胶凝剂为魔芋胶,将魔芋胶溶于水至魔芋胶的浓度为1wt%,于40℃对产物C进行喷雾(15rpm),至增重8.70%,经pH为10的氢氧化钙溶液中煮沸获得本发明所述的颗粒,还包括冷却水冷却冲洗到pH=7的步骤。此后,还包括用流化床20~40℃风干的步骤。
本发明提供了一种食品,其含有本发明所述的颗粒或本发明所述制备方法制得的颗粒。
所述食品为液态乳制品,其包括动物基乳制品和植物基乳制品,所述动物基乳制品包括:纯奶、发酵乳、乳酸菌饮料等,所述植物基乳制品包括:豆奶、花生奶、杏仁奶等。
所述食品的制备方法包括:将本发明所述的颗粒添加到未杀菌的产品中,对二者按照78~85℃,15~30s共同杀菌。
或者所述食品的制备方法包括:将本发明所述的颗粒单独经78~85℃15~30s杀菌,再与杀菌后的半成品料液在无菌罐中低速搅拌均匀混合。所述颗粒以溶液重悬,所述溶液为糖浆或水。
本发明提供了一种包埋有益生菌的颗粒,由内至外依次包括:敏感性成分和包裹层1、包裹层2、包裹层3、包裹层4、包裹层5,包裹层6,并提供了该颗粒的制备方法,以及含有该颗粒的食品。其有益效果至少包括:
(1)本发明提供的一种可用于包埋含敏感性成分颗粒的壁材组成和结构,造粒粉体采用辐照等杀菌、喷雾用水采用无菌水,造粒在无菌离子造粒机中完成,包埋前对所有包埋材料溶液进行杀菌处理在在无菌流化床中包埋,需要变性处理的采用无菌处理后溶液并在无菌环境下完成,最终制备得到的颗粒可以耐78~80℃,15~30s和132~140℃,4s杀菌从而能够确保颗粒符合国标GB/T 4789.26《食品卫生微生物学检验食品商业无菌的检验》的规定,具有在产品货架期内商业无菌的性能。
(2)本发明采用6步造粒和包埋处理,具有一定包括抵御胃液、胆汁侵蚀的定向肠道释放,极大提高了活性物如益生菌、维生素等使用效果,同时多重疏水层处理确保了颗粒中益生菌在液态饮品、乳品中长货架期内的存活。
(3)本发明提供的第三步为可可脂包埋,赋予了颗粒一定口感和层次感,完成完整包埋后能够在长货架期内保持。
(4)本发明提供的技术方案解决了常温长保产品中,特别液态产品中的应用是一大技术难题,同时也容易实现连续大规模生产商业化。
附图说明
图1示包埋完成后颗粒;
图2示步骤1造粒完成后未处理后颗粒浸泡2min后全部溶解糊状;
图3示完成步骤2包衣后颗粒浸泡24hr后的颗粒;
图4示完成步骤6包衣处理后浸泡6个月后的颗粒。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了包埋敏感性成分的颗粒及其制备方法,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
在一些具体实施方案中,一种可用于包埋含敏感性成分颗粒的壁材组成和结构,该技术包括6步,具体方案如下:
第一步为粉体敏感性成分复配造粒,造粒的目的是为了更好的调味和包衣处理,选用0~10wt%(质量)蛋白粉或淀粉,0~3wt%(质量)可可脂、玉米油等油脂,30~90wt%(质量)微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、β-环糊精等粘合剂,活性物比例按照最终产品添加量比例添加。一般采用离心造粒、流化床造粒、挤出滚圆造粒,根据物料性能温度控制在30~60℃,变性特殊处理或预杀菌的可以在造粒后期匹配活性物活性提高温度,温度不宜超过95℃,控制时间不宜超过10min。
第二步采用胶体和蛋白复配包衣,目的是初步保护和隔热敏感性成分层,选用0.2~1.5wt%(质量)羧甲基纤维素钠复配0~30wt%(质量)鸡蛋蛋清蛋白粉,流化床30-50℃喷雾包衣,包衣完成后根据需要可升温到55~65℃左右保持0~5min,以最终颗粒增重3~30%(wt)为目标。
第三步采用纯油性可可脂继续调味和疏水包裹处理,选用纯可可脂离心喷雾滚圆包裹,喷雾温度根据可可脂熔点和流动状态一般40~60℃,以最终颗粒继续增重3-30%(wt)为目标。
第四步采用可进行热不可逆处理的胶体体系进行流化床喷雾包衣处理并进行热不可逆处理,选用0.2~1.5wt%(质量)海藻酸钠或魔芋胶溶液,继续以颗粒增重3~30wt%(质量);颗粒利用海藻酸钠包衣完成后采用含钙离子浓度0.1~1mol/L氯化钙、乳钙等溶液浸泡10~60min后水洗取出利用流化床20~40℃风干;颗粒采用魔芋胶包衣完成后利用pH=8-11的氢氧化钙溶液煮沸后冷却水洗到pH=7左右取出,再用流化床20~40℃风干。
第五步采用醇溶性疏水食品级材料离心喷雾包衣,选用5~12wt%(质量)醇溶玉米蛋白80%酒精溶液,流化床20-60℃喷雾包衣颗粒增重3~30wt%(质量)。
第六步采用可进行热不可逆处理的胶体体系进行流化床喷雾包衣处理并进行热不可逆处理,选用0.2~1.5wt%(质量)海藻酸钠或魔芋胶溶液,继续以颗粒增重3~30wt%(质量);颗粒利用海藻酸钠包衣完成后采用含钙离子浓度0.1~1mol/L氯化钙、乳钙等溶液浸泡10~60min后水洗取出利用流化床20~40℃风干;颗粒采用魔芋胶包衣完成后利用pH=8~11的氢氧化钙溶液煮沸后冷却水洗到pH=7左右取出,再用流化床20~40℃风干。
本发明采用的试材皆为普通市售品,皆可于市场购得。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1
本发明方案对BC30凝结芽孢杆菌进行包埋,包括:
1.称取10gβ-环糊精、25g鸡蛋蛋清蛋白粉、150g 5.5×1011CFU/g BC30凝结芽孢杆菌益生菌冻干粉、315g微晶纤维素;粉进行混匀后取一般加入离心造粒机中,控温50℃,转盘速度200rpm,无菌水喷雾速度70rpm、压力2bar,每5min喷30s;同时控制剩余一半粉加粉速度60rpm,最终造粒大小大约
1.5mm取出筛分取出20-24目颗粒,然后进入流化床40℃左右干燥5min后冷却取样得316g。
2.称取6g羧甲基纤维素钠、90g鸡蛋蛋清蛋白粉,边搅拌便加入504g无菌水中混匀,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,316g造好粒的颗粒加入流化床中,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好的胶体蛋白溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到338g颗粒。
3.称取60g可可脂,利用碾磨机粘磨后保温55℃备用,上述制备好的颗粒加入离心包衣机中,转盘速度200rpm,熔融的可可脂喷雾速度60rpm、压力3bar,每5min喷30s;喷雾包衣完成后降温到20℃左右得382g颗粒。
4.称取20g海藻酸钠,边搅拌边加入1580g无菌水中搅匀,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,上述382g颗粒无菌转移到流化床中,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好海藻酸钠溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到400g颗粒。然后400g颗粒转移到1mol/L氯化钙溶液中浸泡30min后取出转移到流化床中40℃干燥5min。
5.称取60g醇溶玉米蛋白,加入600g80%无水乙醇溶解完成,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,继续对流化床中400g颗粒包衣,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好醇溶玉米蛋白醇溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到460g颗粒。
6.称取50g魔芋胶,边搅拌边加4950g无菌水中搅匀,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,继续对460g颗粒进行流化床包衣,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好魔芋胶溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到500g颗粒。然后500g颗粒转移到pH=10的氢氧化钙溶液中煮沸,然后用无菌冷却水冷却冲洗到pH=7左右得到最终所需基本杀菌好的无菌颗粒。
实施例2
将实施例1制备好的颗粒通过计量(按照0.1%-0.2%质量比添加,控制产品1×107CFU/g到3×107CFU/g益生菌含量)加入常温酸奶巴氏杀菌系统前混合罐中,配好的酸奶(如安慕希)进入混合罐和包埋好的颗粒混匀再通过巴杀杀菌系统78℃25s杀菌,然后到无菌混合罐中暂存,最终灌装成品。
对比例1
采用五步造粒包埋方法对BC30凝结芽孢杆菌进行包埋,具体步骤为:
1.称取10gβ-环糊精、25g鸡蛋蛋清蛋白粉、150g 5.5×1011CFU/g BC30凝结芽孢杆菌益生菌冻干粉、315g微晶纤维素;粉进行混匀后取一般加入离心造粒机中,控温50℃,转盘速度200rpm,无菌水喷雾速度70rpm、压力2bar,每5min喷30s;同时控制剩余一半粉加粉速度60rpm,最终造粒大小大约
1.5mm取出筛分取出20-24目颗粒,然后进入流化床40℃左右干燥5min后冷却取样得316g。
2.称取6g羧甲基纤维素钠、90g鸡蛋蛋清蛋白粉,边搅拌便加入504g无菌水中混匀,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,316g造好粒的颗粒加入流化床中,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好的胶体蛋白溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到338g颗粒。
3.称取20g海藻酸钠,边搅拌边加入1580g无菌水中搅匀,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,上述382g颗粒无菌转移到流化床中,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好海藻酸钠溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到356g颗粒。然后356g颗粒转移到1mol/L氯化钙溶液中浸泡30min后取出转移到流化床中40℃干燥5min。
4称取60g醇溶玉米蛋白,加入600g80%无水乙醇溶解完成,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,继续对流化床中356g颗粒包衣,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好醇溶玉米蛋白醇溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到416g颗粒。
5.称取50g魔芋胶,边搅拌边加4950g无菌水中搅匀,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,继续对416g颗粒进行流化床包衣,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好魔芋胶溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到456g颗粒。然后456g颗粒转移到pH=10的氢氧化钙溶液中煮沸,然后用无菌冷却水冷却冲洗到pH=7左右得到最终所需基本杀菌好的无菌颗粒。
对比例2
将对比例1制备好的颗粒通过计量(按照0.1%-0.2%质量比添加,控制产品1×107CFU/g到3×107CFU/g益生菌含量)加入常温酸奶巴氏杀菌系统前混合罐中,配好的酸奶(如安慕希)进入混合罐和包埋好的颗粒混匀再通过巴杀杀菌系统78℃25s杀菌,然后到无菌混合罐中暂存,最终灌装成品。
对比例3
采用三步造粒对BC30凝结芽孢杆菌包埋后加入产品中,具体步骤为:
1.称取10gβ-环糊精、25g鸡蛋蛋清蛋白粉、150g 5.5×1011CFU/g BC30凝结芽孢杆菌益生菌冻干粉、315g微晶纤维素;粉进行混匀后取一般加入离心造粒机中,控温50℃,转盘速度200rpm,无菌水喷雾速度70rpm、压力2bar,每5min喷30s;同时控制剩余一半粉加粉速度60rpm,最终造粒大小大约1.5mm取出筛分取出20-24目颗粒,然后进入流化床40℃左右干燥5min后冷却取样得316g。
2.称取60g可可脂,利用碾磨机粘磨后保温55℃备用,上述制备好的颗粒加入离心包衣机中,转盘速度200rpm,熔融的可可脂喷雾速度60rpm、压力3bar,每5min喷30s;喷雾包衣完成后降温到20℃左右得350g颗粒。
3.称取20g海藻酸钠,边搅拌边加入1580g无菌水中搅匀,最终溶液用80目过滤网过滤备用,上述350g颗粒无菌转移到流化床中,控制物料温度40℃左右,15rpm喷雾上述准备好海藻酸钠溶液,喷雾包衣完成后20目筛分细粉得到366g颗粒。然后356g颗粒转移到1mol/L氯化钙溶液中浸泡30min后取出转移到流化床中40℃干燥5min。
对比例4
将对比例3制备好的颗粒通过计量(按照0.1%-0.2%质量比添加,控制产品1×107CFU/g到3×107CFU/g益生菌含量)加入常温酸奶巴氏杀菌系统前混合罐中,配好的酸奶(如安慕希)进入混合罐和包埋好的颗粒混匀再通过巴杀杀菌系统78℃25s杀菌,然后到无菌混合罐中暂存,最终灌装成品。造粒包埋益生菌实施例和对比例感官测试(排序检验法):
选取上述含益生菌颗粒的酸奶,将实施例2制备的酸奶编号为A,将对比例2制备的酸奶编号为B,将对比例4制备的酸奶编号为C。选择30位专业口感敏感者进行喜好度排序,并计分1分,2分,3分。结果如表1:
表1 感官测试结果
利用附表1及以下公式进行F值(Friedman)检验:
(其中p值为样品数,本实验为3;j值为评价员人数,本实验为30;R1、R2…Rp为每种样品的秩和)
代入计算得到:Ftext=8.47。
按照0.05的显著水平,对照表2,F值为5.99。Ftext>5.99,表明三个样品之间存在显著差异。
利用下列公式计算最小显著差LSD值:
表2
计算得到LSD值为15.18。
表3 感官测试的统计学分析
结果表明,相对于对比例1制备的颗粒而言,实施例1和对比例2制备的颗粒添加入酸奶具有更良好的感官特性。说明实施例1中步骤3对于口感的改善存在重要作用。
实施例和对比例货架期内益生菌检测数据分析
对实施例2和对比例2和对比例4的酸奶在货架期内(室温)益生菌的稳定性进行检测,活菌数检测数据分析结果如表4:
表4 产品货架期稳定性
序号 | 货架期时间(月) | 实施例2 | 对比例2 | 对比例4 |
1 | 0 | 1.6×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 1.8×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 2.3×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g |
2 | 1 | 1.5×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 1.6×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 1.3×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g |
3 | 2 | 1.5×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 1.5×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 8.7×10<sup>6</sup>CFU/g |
4 | 3 | 1.5×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 1.1×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 3.2×10<sup>6</sup>CFU/g |
5 | 4 | 1.4×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 1.0×107<sup>8</sup>CFU/g | 3.2×10<sup>5</sup>CFU/g |
6 | 5 | 1.3×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 9.7×10<sup>6</sup>CFU/g | 2.3×10<sup>5</sup>CFU/g |
7 | 6 | 1.2×10<sup>7</sup>CFU/g | 9.0×10<sup>6</sup>CFU/g | 8.2×10<sup>4</sup>CFU/g |
由对实施例2、对比例2、对比例4制备酸奶货架期的稳定性检测可知,相对于对比例1和对比例3提供的方法,采用本发明实施例1方法制备获得的益生菌颗粒,能够更有效保护益生菌受热影响和在长货架期内能够有效保持益生菌活的数量和有效性。说明实施例1中,步骤2、3、5、6对于提高对益生菌的保护效果方面存在重要作用。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (14)
1.包埋有敏感性成分的颗粒,其特征在于,由内至外依次包括:敏感性成分和包裹层1、包裹层2、包裹层3、包裹层4、包裹层5,包裹层6,其中:
所述包裹层1的包材为淀粉、蛋白或油脂中至少一种与粘合剂的组合;
所述包裹层2的包材包括粘合剂和蛋白;
所述包裹层3的包材包括可可脂;
所述包裹层4的包材为胶凝剂;
所述包裹层5的包材为醇溶性疏水材料;
所述包裹层6的包材为胶凝剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒,其特征在于,
所述淀粉选自玉米淀粉或木薯淀粉中至少一种;
所述蛋白选自蛋清蛋白或酪蛋白中至少一种;
所述油脂选自可可脂或玉米油中至少一种;
所述粘合剂选自微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠或β-环糊精中至少一种;
所述醇溶性疏水材料为醇溶玉米蛋白;
所述胶凝剂选自魔芋胶、卡拉胶、海藻酸钠、结冷胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、琼脂、果胶或明胶中至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的颗粒,其特征在于,所述颗粒中,
包裹层1的包材为β-环糊精、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白和微晶纤维素;
包裹层2的包材为羧甲基纤维素钠和鸡蛋蛋清蛋白;
包裹层3的包材为可可脂;
包裹层4的包材为海藻酸钠;
包裹层5的包材为醇溶玉米蛋白;
包裹层6的包材为魔芋胶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒,其特征在于,所述敏感性成分为益生菌、维生素、柠檬烯类物质或含双键的活性物质;所述益生菌选自嗜酸乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌或凝结芽孢杆菌中至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的颗粒,其特征在于,所述敏感性成分为凝结芽孢杆菌;每包裹150g凝结芽孢杆菌,所需的包材包括:
包裹层1:β-环糊精8~12g、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白20~30g、微晶纤维素300~350g;
包裹层2:羧甲基纤维素钠5~7g、鸡蛋蛋清蛋白80~100g;
包裹层3:可可脂50~70g;
包裹层4:海藻酸钠15~25g;
包裹层5:醇溶玉米蛋白50~70g;
包裹层6:魔芋胶45~55g。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1:将淀粉、蛋白粉或油脂中至少一种与粘合剂、敏感性成分混合,经喷雾离心造粒,获得产物A;
步骤2:将粘合剂和蛋白溶于水,经喷雾对产物A进行包埋,获得产物B;
步骤3:以熔融可可脂对产物B进行包埋,获得产物C;
步骤4:以胶凝剂对产物C进行包埋,获得产物D;
步骤5:将醇溶性疏水材料溶解,经喷雾对产物D进行包埋,获得产物E;
步骤6:以胶凝剂对产物D进行包埋,获得包埋有敏感性成分的颗粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述喷雾离心造粒的参数包括:温度45~55℃;转速150~250rpm;喷雾的液体为水,喷雾的速度50~100rpm,压力1~3bar,每5min喷20~40s。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中将粘合剂和蛋白溶于水后对产物A进行喷雾包埋至增重6%~8%,获得产物B;所述喷雾包埋的参数包括:温度35~45℃,喷雾速度10~20rpm。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3以熔融可可脂对产物B进行包埋至增重10%~15%,获得产物C;所述包埋的参数包括:温度为50~60℃;转盘速度150~250rpm;熔融可可脂的喷雾速度50~70rpm、压力2~4bar,每5min喷25~35s;喷雾包衣后降温至18~22℃。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4中将胶凝剂溶于水后对产物C喷雾至增重3%~5%,经凝固浴,获得产物D。
11.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤5中,将醇溶性疏水材料溶于75%~90%乙醇溶液至质量分数为8%~12%,经喷雾对产物D进行包埋至增重13%~17%,获得产物E;所述喷雾的参数包括温度35~45℃,喷雾速度10rpm~20rpm。
12.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤6中将胶凝剂溶于水后对产物D喷雾至增重8%~9%,经凝固浴,获得产物包埋有敏感性成分的颗粒。
13.一种食品,其特征在于,含有权利要求1~5任一项所述颗粒或权利要求6~12任一项所述制备方法制得的颗粒。
14.根据权利要求13所述的食品,其特征在于,其为液态乳制品。
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CN117481325A (zh) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-02-02 | 广东佳隆食品股份有限公司 | 一种鸡精颗粒调味品制备工艺及其制备装置 |
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CN117481325A (zh) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-02-02 | 广东佳隆食品股份有限公司 | 一种鸡精颗粒调味品制备工艺及其制备装置 |
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