CN114561257A - 一种碲化铋的表面处理剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于热电器件领域,为解决采用传统方法表面处理厚度小于1mm的晶片容易造成晶片破碎损伤,降低了材料的利用率和生产效率的问题,提供一种应用于热电器件的碲化铋基材料的表面处理剂及方法,一种碲化铋的表面处理剂包括粗化液和去灰液,处理工艺简便、同时对晶片不会造成破损,尤其适合规模化处理的应用于微型热电器件的碲化铋基材料的表面处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于热电器件领域,具体涉及一种碲化铋基材料的表面处理剂及其使用方法。
背景技术
现阶段,工业技术越来越高,越来越多的电子设备趋于智能化和可穿戴的方向发展。热电技术作为一种能够实现热能和电能直接转换的新能源技术,在目前全球能源危机的情况下,越来越受到广泛的关注。热电器件具有质量小、无噪声、结构简单,灵敏度高等优点,同时能够实现制冷和制热的双重功能。目前热电器件被广泛应用在航空航天、电子通讯、生物医疗、汽车制造等领域。例如激光器的控温,PCR设备上的周期控温,微型器件在可穿戴设备上的控温等。
传统的碲化铋基表面处理分为预处理和电镀两个阶段。其中预处理又可以称为电镀预处理,传统的方式是在晶片切割完后,进行喷砂处理然后结合火焰喷涂或者电弧喷涂,以到达粗化晶片表面的目的,方便后续的电镀处理。这种方式对于厚度不超过1mm的晶片来说,并不会出现问题。但是随着热电器件越来越mini化,这种传统的工艺对厚度小于1mm的晶片来说并不适用。传统的喷砂和喷涂工艺,在生产过程中会产生高温和高压,这种环境下很容易造成晶片破碎损伤,降低了材料的利用率和生产效率。同时增加了生产周期和生产成本。因此需要一种条件温和的表面处理方法来解决这一问题。
发明内容
为解决采用传统方法表面处理厚度小于1mm的晶片容易造成晶片破碎损伤,降低了材料的利用率和生产效率的问题,提供一种应用于热电器件的碲化铋基材料的表面处理剂及方法,处理工艺简便、同时对晶片不会造成破损,尤其适合规模化处理的应用于微型热电器件的碲化铋基材料的表面处理。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种碲化铋的表面处理剂包括粗化液和去灰液,所述粗化液由以下各组分组分组成,按质量分数计:5%-60%氯化铁、0.1%-5%表面活性剂、5%-10%盐酸,余量为水;所述去灰液由以下各组分组分组成,按质量分数计:0.5%-5%高锰酸钾、5%-30%硝酸、0.1%-5%表面活性剂、余量为水。
作为优选,盐酸包括稀盐酸与浓盐酸,由于氯化铁粗化后会生成+2价的铁离子,二价铁离子因不能稳定的存在于溶液中,从而提高溶液的使用寿命,并且溶液可通过定期分析检测进行管理,适合规模化生产。
作为优先,硝酸为浓硝酸和稀硝酸,硝酸能够与粗化产生挂灰发生反应,而不会腐蚀基体,从而达到除灰的效果。高锰酸钾能够把粗化生成的中间价态的氧化物完全氧化成最高价,使表面除灰后表面均匀。
表面活性剂能够降低油水界面的表面张力。作为优选,表面活性剂选自溶于水的。表面处理剂配置简便,方便操作。
该配方制备的表面处理剂对碲化铋基晶片不会产生损伤层,提高碲化铋基体表面粗糙度及表面活性,有利于与镀层间获得较高的结合强度,使热电器件的使用寿命,循坏次数及性能得到优化。
所述的碲化铋的表面处理剂进行碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法为:先将清洗干净的碲化铋晶片浸泡入粗化液中,再浸泡入去灰液中,然后进行超声清洗,再通过电镀或者化学镀的方式进行其他金属的连接。
作为优选,所述粗化液温度为20-80℃,浸泡时间为5s-600s。
作为优选,所述去灰液温度为20~80℃,去灰时间为5s-600s。
作为优选,将表面处理后得到碲化铋晶片依次通过乙醇、水进行超声清洗。超声清洗条件为:20-40kHz,时间180-360s。
所述的碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法应用于微型热电器件的碲化铋基材料的表面处理。
在热电器件中,由于切割导致碲化铋基体表面会存在一个损伤层,这种损伤层会影响碲化铋基与金属镀层间的界面结合强度,导致器件服役性能与可靠性大幅度降低,本发明采用化学粗化和除灰对碲化铋基晶片表面进行预处理,后续可直接电镀或化学镀制备镀层,提升了镀层与碲化铋基的结合强度,有利于热电器件的制备。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:表面处理方法,对晶片无任何损伤,提高生产效率,同时可以减少晶片喷砂增加粗糙度的过程,降低生产成本。
附图说明
图1为应用例1中P型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌图;
图2为应用例1中完成化学粗化处理后的P型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌图;
图3为应用例1中完成表面处理后的P型碲化铋基晶片照片;
图4为应用例1中镀镍后的P型碲化铋基晶片照片;
图5为应用例2中N型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌图;
图6为应用例2中完成化学粗化处理后的N型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌图;
图7为应用例2中完成表面处理后的N型碲化铋基晶片照片;
图8为应用例2中镀镍后的N型碲化铋基晶片照片;
图9为对比例1常规表面处理后晶片照片;
图10为对比例2表面处理后晶片照片。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细说明,实施例中所用原料均可市购或采用常规方法制备。
表面活性剂选用市购的十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
实施例1
制备粗化液:以质量百分含量计,氯化铁30%,表面活性剂0.5%、质量浓度37.5%的浓盐酸5%,余量为水,将上述各组分混合均匀。
制备除灰液:以质量百分含量计,高锰酸钾1%、质量浓度为20%硝酸20%、表面活性剂0.5%、余量为水,将上述各组分混合均匀。
应用例1
(1)取区熔材料直径30mm,厚度0.8mm的圆形P型碲化铋基晶片,经酒精超声洗涤除去表面污染物、干燥后浸入实施例1制备的粗化液中,粗化温度为60℃,粗化时间30s;在将粗化后的P型碲化铋基晶片转入实施例1制备的除灰液中进行除灰处理,除灰温度25℃,除灰时间10s。
(2)将步骤(1)表面处理后的P型碲化铋基晶片放入超声设备中清洗;超声频率为40kHz时间300s先用体积浓度95%的乙醇清洗,再用纯水清洗。然后在电镀液中先电镀镍,随后进行化学镀镍,最后电镀锡。
P型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌如图1所示,完成化学粗化处理后的P型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌如图2所示,完成表面处理后的P型碲化铋基晶片照片如图3所示,镀镍后的P型碲化铋基晶片照片如图4所示。
应用例2
(1)取区熔材料直径30mm,厚度0.8mm的圆形N型碲化铋基晶片,经酒精超声洗涤除去表面污染物、干燥后浸入实施例1制备的粗化液中,粗化温度为60℃,粗化时间30s;在将粗化后的N型碲化铋基晶片转入实施例1制备的除灰液中进行除灰处理,除灰温度25℃,除灰时间10s。
(2)将步骤(1)表面处理后的N型碲化铋基晶片放入超声设备中清洗;超声频率为40kHz时间300s先用体积浓度95%的乙醇清洗,再用纯水清洗。然后在电镀液中先电镀镍,随后进行化学镀镍,最后电镀锡。
N型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌如图5所示,完成化学粗化处理后的N型碲化铋基晶片SEM表面形貌如图6所示,完成表面处理后的N型碲化铋基晶片照片如图7所示,镀镍后的N型碲化铋基晶片照片如图8所示。
实施例2
制备粗化液:以质量百分含量计,氯化铁60%,表面活性剂3%、质量浓度20%的浓盐酸8%,余量为水,将上述各组分混合均匀。
制备除灰液:以质量百分含量计,高锰酸钾4%、质量浓度40%硝酸10%、表面活性剂3%、余量为水,将上述各组分混合均匀。
应用例3
(1)取区熔材料直径30mm,厚度0.5mm的圆形P型碲化铋基晶片,经酒精超声洗涤除去表面污染物、干燥后浸入实施例2制备的粗化液中,粗化温度为25℃,粗化时间100s;在将粗化后的P型碲化铋基晶片转入实施例2制备的除灰液中进行除灰处理,除灰温度25℃,除灰时间100s。
(2)将步骤(1)表面处理后的P型碲化铋基晶片放入超声设备中清洗;超声频率为28kHz时间360s先用体积浓度95%的乙醇清洗,再用纯水清洗。然后在电镀液中先电镀镍,随后进行化学镀镍,最后电镀锡。
实施例3
制备粗化液:以质量百分含量计,氯化铁10%,表面活性剂1%、质量浓度20%的浓盐酸10%,余量为水,将上述各组分混合均匀。
制备除灰液:以质量百分含量计,高锰酸钾1%、质量浓度为40%硝酸30%、表面活性剂5%、余量为水,将上述各组分混合均匀。
应用例4
(1)取区熔材料直径30mm,厚度0.5mm的圆形N型碲化铋基晶片,经酒精超声洗涤除去表面污染物、干燥后浸入实施例3制备的粗化液中,粗化温度为50℃,粗化时间100s;在将粗化后的N型碲化铋基晶片转入实施例3制备的除灰液中进行除灰处理,除灰温度50℃,除灰时间60s。
(2)将步骤(1)表面处理后的N型碲化铋基晶片放入超声设备中清洗;超声频率为28kHz时间360s先用体积浓度95%的乙醇清洗,再用纯水清洗。然后在电镀液中先电镀镍,随后进行化学镀镍,最后电镀锡。
对比例1
采用常规方案进行表面处理
将为直径30mm,厚度1mm的圆形N型碲化铋基晶片,进行高压喷砂,然后火焰喷涂Ni层,效果如图9,高压会让晶片有很多碎裂。
对比例2
取区熔材料直径30mm,厚度1mm的圆形N型碲化铋基晶片,经酒精超声洗涤除去表面污染物、干燥后浸入实施例3制备的粗化液中,粗化温度为50℃,粗化时间100s;不进行除灰处理,如图10所示,表面附着粗化灰,不均匀。
Claims (8)
1.一种碲化铋的表面处理剂,其特征在于,所述的表面处理液包括粗化液和去灰液,所述粗化液由以下各组分组分组成,按质量分数计:5%-60%氯化铁、0.1%-5%表面活性剂、5%-10%盐酸,余量为水;所述去灰液由以下各组分组分组成,按质量分数计:0.5%-5%高锰酸钾、5%-30%硝酸、0.1%-5%表面活性剂、余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化铋的表面处理剂,其特征在于,表面活性剂溶于水。
3.一种利用权利要求1或2中任一项所述的碲化铋的表面处理剂进行碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法,其特征在于,先将清洗干净的碲化铋晶片浸泡入粗化液中,再浸泡入去灰液中,然后进行超声清洗,再通过电镀或者化学镀的方式进行其他金属的连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法,其特征在于,粗化液温度为20-80℃,浸泡时间为5s-600s。
5.根据权利要求3所述的碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法,其特征在于,去灰液温度为20~80℃,去灰时间为5s-600s。
6.根据权利要求3所述的碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法,其特征在于,依次通过乙醇、水进行超声清洗。
7.根据权利要求3或6所述的碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法,其特征在于,超声清洗条件为:20-40kHz,时间180-360s。
8.一种根据权利要求2-7所述的碲化铋基材料表面处理的方法应用于微型热电器件的碲化铋基材料的表面处理。
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CN112458541A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种n型碲化铋基热电材料的表面处理剂及方法 |
CN112458542A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉理工大学 | 应用于热电器件的p型碲化铋基材料的表面处理剂及方法 |
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CN112458541A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种n型碲化铋基热电材料的表面处理剂及方法 |
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