CN114559357A - Single-driven revolution and rotation polishing and shape-modifying device - Google Patents
Single-driven revolution and rotation polishing and shape-modifying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114559357A CN114559357A CN202210304850.5A CN202210304850A CN114559357A CN 114559357 A CN114559357 A CN 114559357A CN 202210304850 A CN202210304850 A CN 202210304850A CN 114559357 A CN114559357 A CN 114559357A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
- B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0092—Grinding attachments for lathes or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
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- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention has proposed a single driven revolution and rotation polishing shaping device, it is the shaping technical field of computer control optical surface, the apparatus is based on the operating principle of the planetary reducer, utilize revolution and rotation characteristic of the planet wheel to drive the small grinding head to produce revolution and rotation movement, and realize the adjustment to the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding head through parts such as the index rod, etc., and can adjust the small grinding head rotation and revolution speed ratio with the help of the stepless speed change mechanism that change gear and drive wheel make up, thus obtain arbitrary revolution and rotation speed in a certain range; the invention avoids the problem that the prior polishing and shaping device needs to carry the rotation motor to revolve under the dual drive, thereby reducing the volume and the weight of the whole device, improving the dynamic characteristic of the device, breaking the limit of the fixed revolution and rotation speed ratio of the planetary reduction mechanism on the processing parameters of the device, ensuring the stable operation of the device due to the balance function of the adjustable balance device, and greatly improving the processing adaptability and the processing precision of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer-controlled optical surface forming (CCOS), and particularly relates to a single-drive revolution and rotation polishing shaping device.
Background
Parts of precision instruments, especially optical elements, often need polishing and shaping at the end of the process because of high surface finish and surface shape precision, while optical elements with simple shapes such as planes and spherical surfaces cannot adapt to the continuous improvement of the performance of the optical instruments, so that the use of complex curved surface optical elements including free-form surfaces is increasingly frequent. However, because the surface shape such as a plane and a spherical surface does not have a fixed curvature or even a rotation center, the surface shape cannot be subjected to large-range undifferentiated rotation polishing and shape correction by a traditional plane or spherical surface grinding tool to realize automatic convergence of a surface shape error, the processing error of the previous procedure needs to be obtained by an optical measurement means, and then a small grinding head shape correction polishing tool is matched with the control of a computer to eliminate the processing error point to point, so that the computer controls optical surface shaping (CCOS) processing, which is the deterministic processing of small-range removal. Different from the traditional processing mode that a large grinding disc and a processed workpiece rotate simultaneously, a workpiece for computer control optical surface forming processing is usually static, if the small grinding head only rotates under the condition, the processed workpiece can generate the uneven removal problems that the peripheral processing amount of the small grinding head is large and the central processing amount is small due to the difference of linear speeds at different diameters of the small grinding head, and therefore the problems are solved by adopting a motion scheme of revolution and rotation of the small grinding head. In order to make the small grinding head generate rotation and revolution movement at the same time, a common method is to adopt double-motor drive, namely one motor drives the revolution module independently, and the other motor drives the rotation module independently, but the problem caused by the scheme is that the rotation motor revolves along with the small grinding head, which not only increases the load of the revolution motor, but also increases the volume and weight of the whole device, and limits the movable range of the rotation motor and further limits the processing range of the device due to the increase of the dynamic volume of the rotation motor while reducing the dynamic characteristic of the device, and simultaneously, the wiring difficulty of the rotation motor is increased due to the revolution movement of the rotation motor, and the increase of the double motors and the accessory parts thereof also increases the manufacturing cost of the device. Therefore, the above-mentioned solution for realizing the rotation and revolution of the small grinding head by the dual-motor drive has many defects, and limits the further development of the computer-controlled optical surface forming (CCOS) process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-drive revolution and rotation polishing shaping device which can enable a small grinding head to complete revolution and rotation movement only by single drive, has small weight and volume, good dynamic characteristic of small inertia, small influence on a processing range, no need of complex wiring, low production cost and capability of independently adjusting revolution, rotation speed ratio and speed and revolution off-axis quantity, and aims to overcome the problems that an existing revolution and rotation polishing shaping device applied to computer-controlled optical surface shaping processing needs a rotation motor to revolve along with the small grinding head, and has the advantages of large weight and volume, poor dynamic characteristic, limited processing range, high wiring difficulty, high production cost, low reliability and the like.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a single-drive revolution and rotation polishing shaping device is characterized by comprising a sun shaft, an outer frame, a planet carrier, a sun wheel and a planet wheel, wherein the sun shaft, the outer frame, the planet carrier, the sun wheel and the planet wheel form a planet speed reducing mechanism, so that the revolution and rotation characteristics of the planet wheel are utilized;
the grinding wheel is characterized by also comprising a transmission shaft, a small grinding head, a connecting cylinder, a transmission wheel, a change wheel, a position adjusting rod, a locking disc, a locker and a through shaft; one end of the connecting cylinder is connected with the planet wheel, and the driving wheel is arranged at the other end of the connecting cylinder, so that the driving wheel moves along with the planet wheel; the through shaft is fixedly arranged on the planet carrier, and the through shaft does not influence the rotation of the driving wheel, the connecting cylinder and the planet wheel; the position adjusting rod is arranged on the through shaft and can rotate around the through shaft; the locking disc is arranged on the through shaft, and the locking disc and the locker can limit the rotational freedom degree of the positioning rod relative to the through shaft, namely after the position of the positioning rod relative to the through shaft is adjusted, the locker can lock the positioning rod on the locking disc, so that the positioning rod and the through shaft are kept relatively fixed; the transmission shaft is arranged on the position adjusting rod and can rotate freely, one end of the transmission shaft is provided with the speed changing wheel, and the speed changing wheel and the transmission wheel form a transmission relation; the small grinding head is arranged at the tail end of the transmission shaft;
therefore, the rotation of the planet wheel can be transmitted to the small grinding head for processing through the connecting cylinder, the transmission wheel, the change wheel and the transmission shaft, and meanwhile, parts mounted on the penetrating shaft can also perform revolution motion along with the planet carrier, so that the small grinding head performs revolution motion and rotation motion simultaneously; and the off-axis amount of the small grinding head relative to the solar shaft can be changed by rotating the position adjusting rod, so that the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding head can be adjusted.
Furthermore, the transmission wheel and the change wheel are in a conical shape, the length of the position adjusting rod can be adjusted, at least one of the change wheel and the transmission wheel can move axially relative to the other side, and the change wheel and the transmission wheel can form a speed change mechanism to achieve the purpose of speed adjustment by matching with radial movement caused by length adjustment of the position adjusting rod, the position adjusting rod can adapt to the change of the center distance between the transmission wheel and the change wheel due to speed adjustment through the change of the length, and the compression degree between the transmission wheel and the change wheel can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the position adjusting rod, so that the purpose of preventing slipping or overload protection is achieved.
Furthermore, at least one of the speed changing wheel and the driving wheel can be detachably replaced, the detachable replacement refers to quick replacement under the condition that other parts are not detached in a large range, the speed changing range can be further expanded by quickly replacing the parts under the condition that the speed changing range of the existing speed changing mechanism is exceeded, and the adjustability of the length of the positioning rod enables the positioning rod to adapt to the change of the center distance between the speed changing wheel and the driving wheel caused by replacement.
Further, the balance device is further included, and the balance device has an unbalanced problem in the rotation process due to the fact that parts are not distributed in the planetary speed reducing mechanism in a radial direction, and the processing stability and precision can be affected, so that the balance device is installed on the extension section of the planet carrier or the position on the planet wheel where normal operation of other parts is not affected, and dynamic balance is conducted on the whole rotation module.
Furthermore, due to the replacement of parts such as the change wheels and the adjustment of the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding head, parameters such as the rotation center of mass and the like of the whole device can be changed, and in order to adapt to the change, the balancing device can change the self mass or can move the position or can change the self mass and move the position, so that the dynamic balancing function can be better played.
Furthermore, a ball head is arranged at the tail end of the transmission shaft, a through hole is formed in the ball head, a columnar bulge is arranged at the upper end of the small grinding head, a through groove is formed in the columnar bulge, the inner diameter of the columnar bulge is slightly larger than the diameter of the ball head, the ball head is movably arranged in the columnar bulge, a bolt penetrates through the through groove and is inserted into the through hole, and the width of the through groove is slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt; therefore, the small grinding head can rotate in any direction relative to the transmission shaft, and can adapt to the change of the shape of the processed surface, so that the small grinding head is attached to the processed surface as much as possible.
Furthermore, the planet carrier assembly device further comprises a reinforcing frame, wherein one end of the reinforcing frame is fixedly arranged on the planet carrier, and the other end of the reinforcing frame is connected with the through shaft and used for enhancing the stability of the through shaft.
The polishing device further comprises an upper pressure adjusting device and a lower pressure adjusting device, wherein the upper pressure adjusting device and the lower pressure adjusting device are respectively arranged on two sides of the outer frame or two sides of a shaft shoulder of the solar shaft, and the upper pressure adjusting device and the lower pressure adjusting device are both required to be connected with an external structure for fixing the whole polishing device; when the polishing device is used for fixing the outer frame and driving the solar shaft, the upper pressure adjusting device and the lower pressure adjusting device are arranged on two sides of the outer frame, otherwise, when the polishing device is used for fixing the solar shaft and driving the outer frame, the lower pressure adjusting device is mainly used for bearing the weight of the whole polishing and shaping device, and the upper pressure adjusting device is mainly used for stabilizing the pressure of the small grinding head on a workpiece to be processed; the upper and lower pressure adjusting devices are mounted on the fixing piece and do not need to move along with the moving part.
Furthermore, the planet wheel and the sun wheel can be disassembled and replaced, the length of the planet carrier can be adjusted, the detachable replacement also refers to quick replacement under the condition that other parts are disassembled in a small range, so that the revolution speed variable range of the planet wheel and the planet carrier is increased, and the adjustability of the length of the planet carrier also enables the planet carrier to adapt to the change of the center distance between the planet wheel and the sun wheel caused by replacement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
a single-driven revolution and rotation polishing shaping device is based on the operating principle of a planetary reducer, utilizes the revolution and rotation characteristics of a planetary gear to drive a small grinding head to simultaneously generate revolution and rotation motions, and realizes the adjustability of the revolution and rotation speed ratio, the revolution and rotation speed ratio and the revolution off-axis quantity of the small grinding head through a series of transmission and adjustment mechanisms, and the balance function of a balance device further improves the processing stability and precision of the invention; the small grinding head can simultaneously generate revolution and rotation motions only through single drive, the problems that the existing revolution and rotation polishing shaping device needs to be driven by double motors, the rotation motor needs to revolve along with the small grinding head, the weight and the volume are large, the dynamic characteristic is poor, the processing range is limited, the wiring difficulty is large, the production cost is high and the like are solved, the advantages of flexible and adjustable processing parameters, strong processing adaptability, high processing stability and processing precision and the like are achieved, and the capability of controlling the optical surface shaping processing by a computer can be improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention in a high off-axis state;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the small off-axis state of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a portion of the components of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the small grinding head of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings: 1: outer frame, 2: planet carrier, 3: sun gear, 4: gearbox, 5: through shaft, 6: reinforcing cylinder, 7: drive shaft, 8: small grinding head, 9: locking disc, 10: locker, 11: extension, 12: positioning rod, 13: reinforcing frame, 14: drive wheel, 15: connecting cylinder, 16: down pressure adjusting device, 17: planet wheel, 18: upper pressure adjusting device, 19: sun shaft, 20: drive device, 21: bolt, 22: a ball head, 23: columnar projection, 24: planet carrier extension, 25: a balancing device.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the description is only for a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not for all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," "mounted," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-8, this embodiment is a typical embodiment for clearly showing the principle and working process of the present invention, but the following cases do not represent all the aspects of the present invention.
In the single-drive revolution and rotation polishing shaping device shown in fig. 1-8, a sun shaft 19, an outer frame 1, a planet carrier 2, a sun wheel 3 and planet wheels 17 form a planet speed reducing mechanism, and when a drive device 20 drives the sun shaft 19, the planet wheels 17 simultaneously perform revolution and rotation motions relative to the outer frame 1.
In order to transmit the revolution and rotation characteristics of the planet wheel 17 to the small grinding head 8 to realize the processing of a workpiece, the device also comprises a transmission shaft 7, a connecting cylinder 15, a transmission wheel 14, a change wheel 4, a position adjusting rod 12, a locking disc 9, a locker 10, a penetrating shaft 5 and other parts; wherein, one end of the connecting cylinder 15 is connected with the planet wheel 17, and the driving wheel 14 is arranged at the other end of the connecting cylinder 15, so that the driving wheel 14 moves along with the planet wheel 17; the through shaft 5 passes through the driving wheel 14, the connecting cylinder 15 and the planet wheel 17 connected with the connecting cylinder 15 and is fixed on the planet carrier 2, and the driving wheel 14, the connecting cylinder 15 and the planet wheel 17 are also arranged on the through shaft 5 through a bearing and other devices and can freely rotate around the through shaft 5, so that the normal rotation of the driving wheel 14, the connecting cylinder 15 and the planet wheel 17 connected with the connecting cylinder 15 cannot be influenced by the arrangement mode of the through shaft 5. It should be noted that the installation manner of the through shaft 5 passing through the transmission wheel 14, the connecting cylinder 15 and the planet wheels 17 can greatly save space and make the device compact, but the through shaft 5 can also be installed on the planet carrier 2 beside the planet wheels 17 as required without affecting the normal operation positions of other parts, and does not pass through any three parts, at this time, the planet carrier 2 can also be deformed, for example, referring to fig. 7, a part extending between two adjacent planet wheels 17 of parts such as the connecting cylinder 15 is formed into a planet carrier extension section 24 for installing the through shaft 5, and the specific installation manner can be flexibly set according to the actual working requirements of the device.
The positioning rod 12 is arranged on the through shaft 5, and the positioning rod 12 can rotate around the through shaft 5; the locking disc 9 is arranged on the through shaft 5, the locking disc 9 and the locker 10 can limit the rotational freedom degree of the positioning rod 12 relative to the through shaft 5, namely after the position of the positioning rod 12 relative to the through shaft 5 is adjusted, the locker 10 can lock the positioning rod 12 on the locking disc 9, so that the positioning rod 12 and the through shaft 5 are kept relatively fixed; specifically, the extension section 11 of the positioning rod 12 moves in the groove of the locking plate 9 all the time during the process of rotating the positioning rod 12, and after the positioning rod 12 rotates to a proper position, the locking device 10 on the extension section 11 is screwed down, so that the positioning rod 12 can be fixed at the existing position relative to the through shaft 5.
A reinforcing cylinder 6 is arranged on the positioning rod 12, the transmission shaft 7 is arranged in the reinforcing cylinder 6, and the installed transmission shaft 7 can rotate freely; a gearbox wheel 4 is arranged at one end of the transmission shaft 7, and the gearbox wheel 4 and a transmission wheel 14 form a transmission relation. In order to realize the speed change function, the transmission wheel 14 and the change wheel 4 are in a conical shape, the length of the positioning rod 12 can be adjusted, at least one of the change wheel 4 and the transmission wheel 14 can move axially relative to the other, and the radial movement caused by the length adjustment of the positioning rod 12 is matched, so that the change wheel 4 and the transmission wheel 14 form a speed change mechanism to realize the speed regulation purpose, the positioning rod 12 adapts to the change of the center distance between the transmission wheel 14 and the change wheel 4 due to the speed regulation through the change of the length of the positioning rod 12, and the close degree of the joint between the transmission wheel 14 and the change wheel 4 can be adjusted through adjusting the length of the positioning rod 12, thereby realizing the purpose of preventing slipping or overload protection. The axial displacement of at least one of the gearbox wheel 4 and the transmission wheel 14 relative to the other can be achieved by axial displacement of the transmission shaft 7 relative to the positioning rod 12, by axial displacement of the gearbox wheel 4 relative to the transmission shaft 7, by axial displacement of the transmission wheel 14 relative to the connecting cylinder 15, or even by axial displacement of the positioning rod 12 relative to the through-shaft 5, with the remaining parts of the relevant part following the displacement as a whole, so that the purpose of axial displacement of the gearbox wheel 4 relative to the transmission wheel 14 is achieved.
The other end of the transmission shaft 7 is provided with the small grinding head 8, so that the rotation of the planet wheel 17 can be transmitted to the small grinding head 8 through the connecting cylinder 15, the transmission wheel 14, the change wheel 4 and the transmission shaft 7, and meanwhile, parts arranged on the through shaft 5 can also perform revolution motion along with the planet carrier 2 as a whole, so that the small grinding head 8 performs revolution and rotation motion simultaneously.
The off-axis amount of the revolution of the small grinding head 8 around the sun shaft 19 is an important processing parameter, so that the adjustability of the off-axis amount of the small grinding head 8 is necessary. As described above, the positioning rod 12 can rotate around the through shaft 5, and the off-axis amount of the small grinding stones 8 with respect to the sun shaft 19 can be changed by rotating the positioning rod 12, and the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding stones 8 can be adjusted, and the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding stones 8 is reduced by rotating the positioning rod 12 to the position shown in fig. 6 with the position of the small grinding stones 8 shown in fig. 5 as the initial position.
The revolution and rotation speeds of the small grinding head 8 are two important processing parameters, so that the adjustability can be realized, and the processing adaptability of a single polishing and shaping device can be enhanced. To achieve this function, the revolution and rotation speeds can be simultaneously changed by changing the rotation speed of the driving device 20; different revolution and rotation speeds can also be achieved by changing the driven component, for example, the driving device 20 is the driven sun shaft 19 in the illustration, and different revolution and rotation speeds are obtained when the driving device 20 drives the outer frame 1 or the planet carrier 2, and of course, the difference of the driven component means the difference of the fixed component when the driven component is installed with the outside. When the planet carrier 2 is selected to be driven to fix the sun shaft 19, the outer frame 1 can be even omitted to further reduce the volume and weight of the device.
Although the revolution and rotation speeds of the small grinding head 8 can be changed by changing the rotation speed of the driving device 20 or changing the driven part, the revolution and rotation speed ratio of the small grinding head 8 cannot be changed all the time under the condition that the driven part is selected, and the revolution and rotation speed ratio of the small grinding head 8 can directly influence the appearance of the material removed in unit time, namely, can directly influence the removal function, so that the revolution and rotation speed ratio of the small grinding head 8 can be adjusted by the stepless speed adjusting mechanism, the revolution and rotation speed ratio of the small grinding head 8 can also be obtained in any rotation speed within a certain range under the condition that the revolution speed is certain, and the flexibility of the processing parameters of the device is further improved by matching with the change of the rotation speed of the driving device 20 and the driven part.
While a myriad of combinations of processing parameters have been available over a range through the above designs, in certain extreme machining environments, however, it may be possible to extend the range of the adjustable machining parameters beyond those available, so that, in order to further extend the machining adaptability of the apparatus on the basis of the above, at least one of the gearbox 4 and the transmission wheel 14 of the apparatus is provided with a detachable and replaceable feature, the detachable replacement refers to the rapid replacement without detaching other parts to a large extent, for example, the change wheel 4 is installed on the transmission shaft 7 through screw threads, so that the change wheel 4 can be easily disassembled and replaced, the speed regulating range of the variable speed wheel 4 and the transmission wheel 14 can be changed by replacing the variable speed wheel with different specifications, the adjustability of the length of the indexing lever 12 allows it to accommodate changes in the centre distance between the variator 4 and the drive wheel 14 as a result of replacement parts. Similarly, the planet wheel 17 and the sun wheel 3 in the device can be detached and replaced, and the planet carrier 2 can also adjust the length, so that the revolution and rotation speed variable range of the planet wheel 17 can be changed by replacing the planet wheel 17 and the sun wheel 3 with different specifications and matching with the rotation speed change of the driving device 20, the adjustability of the length of the planet carrier 2 can also adapt to the change of the center distance between the planet wheel 17 and the sun wheel 3 caused by the replacement of the planet wheel 17 and the sun wheel 3, and the detachable replacement of the planet wheel 17 and the sun wheel 3 also refers to the rapid replacement under the condition of detaching other parts in a small range.
Because the radial uneven distribution of parts in the planetary reduction mechanism causes the problem that the device is unbalanced in the rotation process, the device may shake during operation, and the stability and the precision of processing are affected, therefore, a balancing device 25 is necessary to be added for the problem, so that the center of mass of the rotating module is adjusted to the rotating center, as shown in fig. 7, the balancing device 25 is installed on the planet carrier extension section 24, and the normal operation of other parts is not affected. Because the change of parts such as the change wheel 4 and the like and the adjustment of the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding head 8 can cause the change of parameters such as the rotation center of mass and the like of the whole device, in order to adapt to the change, the balancing device 25 needs to be capable of changing the self mass or the movable position, and the change of the self mass and the movable position can be selected alternatively, but the two properties can be possessed simultaneously to enhance the adjustability. The mass of the balance device 25 can be changed by designing the balance device into a sheet stacking structure, the mass can be adjusted by increasing and decreasing sheets, and the moving position can be adjusted by arranging a sliding groove on the planet carrier extension section 24 and by sliding and locking the balance device 25 in the sliding groove. If there is insufficient space for the planet carrier extension 24, the balancing device 25 can be mounted directly on the planet wheels 17.
The pressure of the small grinding head 8 on the machined surface is also an important machining parameter, components such as a pressure-adjusting cylinder and the like are arranged on the rotation unit by the traditional polishing and shaping device applied to the technology, so that an air pipe of the cylinder needs to revolve along with the rotation unit, the complexity of pipeline arrangement is improved, and the reliability of the whole device is also reduced by using a rotary joint. In the invention, the upper pressure adjusting device 18 and the lower pressure adjusting device 16 are respectively arranged at two sides of the outer frame 1, when the whole polishing and shape-modifying device is arranged on a main shaft of a machine tool, the upper pressure adjusting device 18 and the lower pressure adjusting device 16 are restrained by the mounting structures, so that the upper pressure adjusting device 18 and the lower pressure adjusting device 16 can adjust the pressure of the small grinding head 8 on a processed workpiece, and can also stabilize the change of the processing pressure caused by the fluctuation of the processed surface, the groove on the outer frame 1 can limit the rotation of the outer frame 1, and can also provide an axial displacement space for the whole polishing and shape-modifying device. When the polishing shaping device is used for fixing the sun shaft 19 and driving the outer frame 1 or the planet carrier 2, a shaft shoulder needs to be machined on the sun shaft 19, and the upper pressure adjusting device 18 and the lower pressure adjusting device 16 are installed on two sides of the shaft shoulder and then connected with a main shaft of a machine tool. The upper pressure adjusting device 18 and the lower pressure adjusting device 16 are both mounted on the fixing piece and do not need to rotate along with the moving part, and wiring difficulty is greatly reduced.
In order to adapt to the complexity of the surface shape of a processing object of the device, the small grinding head 8 has to change the posture along with the change of the inclination angle, the curvature and the like of the surface shape so as to be attached to the surface to be processed as much as possible, for this reason, the tail end of the transmission shaft 7 is provided with a ball head 22, the ball head 22 is provided with a through hole, the upper end of the small grinding head 8 is provided with a columnar bulge 23, the columnar bulge 23 is provided with a through groove, the ball head 22 is movably arranged in the columnar bulge 23, the inner diameter of the columnar bulge 23 is slightly larger than the diameter of the ball head 22 so that the ball head 22 can freely rotate in the columnar bulge 23 without obvious shaking, the bolt 21 passes through the through groove and is inserted into the through hole so as to transmit torque, the width of the through groove is also slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt 21 so that the bolt can move up and down and incline in the through groove without obvious radial shaking, therefore, the small grinding head 8 can rotate in any direction relative to the transmission shaft 7, the shape of the machined surface can be adapted to change, and the small grinding head 8 is attached to the machined surface as much as possible.
Since only one end of the through shaft 5 is fixed to the carrier 2 as a cantilever structure and many parts are installed, it is necessary to structurally reinforce it, and a reinforcing frame 13 is added, as shown in the figure, one end of the reinforcing frame 13 is fixedly installed on the carrier 2, and the other end is connected to the through shaft 5, so as to enhance the stability of the through shaft 5.
One typical working process of the whole single-drive revolution and rotation polishing and shape-modifying device is as follows: the whole polishing and shaping device is installed on a main shaft of a machine tool by selecting a mode of fixing an outer frame 1, after the model of a small grinding head 8 is selected and installed on a transmission shaft 7, revolution, rotation speed and revolution off-axis quantity of the small grinding head 8 are determined according to required processing parameters, so that the rotating speed of a driving device 20, the revolution speed of a planet carrier 2 and a planet wheel 17, the rotation speed of the planet wheel 17, the transmission ratio of a change wheel 4 and a transmission wheel 14 and the fixed position of a positioning rod 12 are adjusted, and the small grinding head 8 is arranged under the required revolution, rotation speed and revolution off-axis quantity. When the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding head 8 is adjusted, the locker 10 is loosened, the positioning rod 12 is rotated to a proper position, and finally the locker 10 is tightened. In the process of processing the workpiece, power is transmitted to the small grinding head 8 through paths of the sun shaft 19, the sun wheel 3, the planet wheel 17, the connecting cylinder 15, the transmission wheel 14, the speed change wheel 4 and the transmission shaft 7, the small grinding head 8 generates required revolution and rotation motion around the sun shaft 19, the workpiece is processed under the combined action of relative motion with the processed surface and polishing liquid, and the pressure of the small grinding head 8 on the processed surface is adjusted by the upper pressure adjusting device 18 and the lower pressure adjusting device 16 in the process.
In some processing parameter application scenes, the sun shaft 19 can be selected to be fixed to drive the outer frame 1 to input power, even the power can be input to the whole polishing and shape correcting device in a mode of driving the planet carrier 2, and in any case, the device can be flexibly configured according to actual processing requirements. When the revolution and rotation speed of the small grinding head 8 needs to be changed, the rotating speed of the driving device is changed, the axial position of the driving wheel 14 relative to the change wheel 4 is adjusted in a matching mode, and the length of the positioning rod 12 is adjusted, and when the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding head 8 needs to be adjusted, the position of the positioning rod 12 is adjusted according to the method.
The invention is based on the planetary speed reducing mechanism, realizes revolution and rotation movement of the small grinding head 8 under single power input, solves the problem that the traditional revolution and rotation polishing shaping device needs double-motor drive, greatly reduces the volume and weight of the whole device, improves the dynamic characteristic of the device from the source, and further improves the stability of the device by adding the balancing device 25. The dynamic characteristic and the motion stability are particularly important for high-precision shape modification machining, important indexes such as the motion precision and the response sensitivity of a machine tool are concerned, the size of the device is reduced, the movable range of the small grinding head 8 is further increased, the original machine tool can machine workpieces with larger sizes, the machining capacity of the machine tool is directly improved, and due to the fact that power input is reduced, the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost are reduced, and meanwhile the reliability of the device is improved. The revolution and rotation speed ratio can be changed through a stepless speed regulating mechanism consisting of parts such as the transmission wheel 14, the variable-speed wheel 4 and the like, the revolution and rotation speed of the small grinding head 8 can be adjusted randomly within a certain range by changing the input rotating speed of the driving device 20, the revolution off-axis amount and other processing parameters of the small grinding head 8 can be adjusted through the adjustment of the position adjusting rod 12, and the processing adaptability of the same device is greatly expanded.
Specifically, the computer controlled optical surface forming (CCOS) process is very different from the conventional polishing and trimming process, and is embodied by the following points:
the first is the difference of processing objects, the former mainly aims at complex curved surfaces including free curved surfaces, and the latter is mainly applied to simple surface shapes such as planes and spherical surfaces.
Secondly, due to different processing modes caused by different processing objects, the plane and the spherical surface have the property of rotational symmetry, and can be polished and shaped by a grinding tool with the same curvature and larger area than the surface at one time, and the self-convergence of the surface shape is realized by removing the nondifferential high points of the optical surface by the grinding tool and the grinding material; however, since the complex curved surface has no uniform curvature or even no rotational symmetry axis, the conventional large grinding disc cannot be used for rotational machining, and errors must be eliminated by point-to-point machining.
Thirdly, the requirements on the processing tool are different, based on the analysis, the traditional processing can make the grinding tool very large, most of the work can be finished by the uniform rotation of the grinding tool, the grinding tool has no requirement on the dynamic characteristic, and in order to remove the workpiece uniformly and improve the processing efficiency, the workpiece and the grinding tool always move relatively together; however, for computer-controlled optical surface forming (CCOS) machining, the removal of point-to-point errors is required to be achieved, otherwise, the errors of corresponding points are eliminated while the adjacent areas are affected, and meanwhile, due to the complexity of optical surface morphology and the randomness of error distribution, fixed-point error removal is achieved by fixing workpieces and only moving a polishing and modifying device, so that the difficulty of control and mechanism motion design is reduced.
Based on the above analysis, the device applied to computer-controlled optical surface forming (CCOS) processing must have features of light weight and small volume to improve its dynamic characteristics and processability, so an important objective of the present invention is to reduce the weight and volume of the device, and the original dual-motor driving is changed into single driving by adopting the planetary reduction mechanism principle, so that the purposes of reducing the weight and volume of the device are achieved in principle, and the advantages of large processing range, low production cost, high reliability and the like are brought. The dual driving also causes the complexity of circuits including electric wires and pressure adjusting device pipelines, and the circuits revolve and rotate along with the motion mechanism, so parts such as a rotary joint and the like are required to be used, the service life of the rotary joint is very limited, the cost of the device is improved, and the reliability of the device is reduced. Because of the needs of revolution, rotation, spare part is in radial distribution inequality, and rotatory can arouse to rock unstable factor such as vibration, and then influence machining precision, and quality and position adjustable balancing unit 25's addition can solve above-mentioned problem under the condition that does not increase the device volume hardly, has promoted the processing property of device.
Meanwhile, based on the characteristics of a computer-controlled optical surface forming (CCOS) processing object, aiming at optical surfaces with different materials, surface shapes and errors, a removal function of a specific range and a unit time removal amount needs to be obtained, and compared with a traditional plane and a traditional spherical surface, a complex curved surface has great randomness and variability in material, surface shape and errors, and the method is one of important differences from traditional shape modification and polishing processing; the revolution, rotation speed and revolution, rotation speed ratio, revolution off-axis amount, material, pressure on the workpiece and the like of the small grinding head 8 are important processing parameters and can directly influence the removal function, so that the structure corresponding to the parameters needs to be designed to be adjustable in the invention to enhance the processing adaptability of the same device, which is also the technical characteristic requirement of the invention based on the characteristics of the processing object.
Therefore, the invention has obvious technical field, design starting point and structure form with respect to the existing processing device, and the specific innovation points can be summarized as follows:
(1) the revolution and the rotation of the small grinding head 8 are realized through single drive, the size and the weight of the device are reduced, the complexity of a circuit is reduced, and the reliability of the device is improved;
(2) the purpose of adjusting the revolution and rotation speed ratio of the small grinding head by 8 is achieved through the stepless speed change mechanism, and the problem that the revolution and rotation speed ratio is not variable due to single driving by utilizing a planetary speed reduction mechanism is solved;
(3) the function of adjusting the revolution off-axis amount of the small grinding head 8 is realized through parts such as the adjusting rod 12 and the like;
(4) the balance device 25 is added to improve the running stability of the device, thereby being beneficial to improving the processing precision;
(5) the structural design that the length of the planet carrier 2 and the positioning rod 12 can be adjusted and the like realizes the replaceability of parts such as the sun gear 3, the planet gear 17, the speed change gear 4 and the like, and further enhances the processing adaptability of the same device.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a single driven revolution and rotation polishing shaping device which characterized in that: the planetary speed reducer comprises a sun shaft (19), an outer frame (1), a planet carrier (2), a sun wheel (3) and a planet wheel (17), wherein the sun shaft (19), the outer frame (1), the planet carrier (2), the sun wheel (3) and the planet wheel (17) form a planetary speed reducing mechanism;
the grinding wheel also comprises a transmission shaft (7), a small grinding head (8), a connecting cylinder (15), a transmission wheel (14), a change wheel (4), a position adjusting rod (12), a locking disc (9), a locker (10) and a through shaft (5);
one end of the connecting cylinder (15) is connected with the planet wheel (17), and the driving wheel (14) is arranged at the other end of the connecting cylinder (15);
the through shaft (5) is fixedly arranged on the planet carrier (2), the positioning rod (12) is arranged on the through shaft (5), and the positioning rod (12) can rotate around the through shaft (5);
the locking disc (9) is mounted on the through shaft (5), and the locking disc (9) and the locker (10) can limit the rotational freedom of the positioning rod (12) relative to the through shaft (5);
the transmission shaft (7) is mounted on the position adjusting rod (12), the transmission shaft (7) can rotate relative to the position adjusting rod (12), one end of the transmission shaft (7) is provided with the speed changing wheel (4), and the speed changing wheel (4) and the transmission wheel (14) form a transmission relation;
the small grinding head (8) is arranged at the tail end of the transmission shaft (7).
2. A single drive revolution and rotation polishing and shaping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transmission wheel (14) and the change wheel (4) are conical, the length of the positioning rod (12) can be adjusted, and at least one of the change wheel (4) and the transmission wheel (14) can move axially relative to the other to realize the speed regulation function.
3. A single drive revolution and rotation polishing and shaping device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: at least one of the variable speed wheel (4) and the transmission wheel (14) can be detached and replaced.
4. A single drive revolution and rotation polishing and shaping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: further comprising a balancing device (25), said balancing device (25) being mounted on the planet carrier extension (24) or on the planet wheel (17) to dynamically balance the entire rotating module.
5. A single drive revolution and rotation polishing and shaping device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the balancing device (25) is capable of changing its own mass or of moving its position or both.
6. A single drive revolution and rotation polishing and shaping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grinding wheel is characterized in that a ball head (22) is arranged at the tail end of the transmission shaft (7), a through hole is formed in the ball head (22), a columnar bulge (23) is arranged at the upper end of the small grinding head (8), a through groove is formed in the columnar bulge (23), the ball head (22) is movably installed in the columnar bulge (23), and a bolt (21) penetrates through the through groove and is inserted into the through hole.
7. A single drive revolution and rotation polishing and shaping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: still include reinforcing frame (13), the one end fixed mounting of reinforcing frame (13) is in on planet carrier (2), its other end with run through axle (5) and be connected, in order to increase the stability of running through axle (5).
8. A single drive revolution and rotation polishing and shaping device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grinding wheel grinding device is characterized by further comprising an upper pressure adjusting device (18) and a lower pressure adjusting device (16), wherein the upper pressure adjusting device (18) and the lower pressure adjusting device (16) are respectively installed on two sides of the outer frame (1) or two sides of a shaft shoulder of the solar shaft (19) so as to adjust the machining pressure of the small grinding head (8) on a workpiece.
9. A single drive revolution-rotation polishing profile modification apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the planet wheel (17) and the sun wheel (3) can be detached and replaced, and the length of the planet carrier (2) can be adjusted.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115041925A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-13 | 徐德富 | Shape-preserving processing method |
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| 李军剑;汪圆浩;叶友东;: "行星锥齿轮无级变速机构的调速机理及效率计算研究", 机械, no. 01, 25 January 2015 (2015-01-25), pages 15 - 18 * |
| 范敏;刘凤;王佩;石为人;: "大口径非球面光学研抛压力控制系统", 光学精密工程, no. 04, 15 April 2015 (2015-04-15), pages 113 - 120 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115041925A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-13 | 徐德富 | Shape-preserving processing method |
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